avia.wikisort.org - Designer

Lonnie George Johnson (born October 6, 1949) is an American inventor, aerospace engineer, and entrepreneur, whose work includes a U.S. Air Force-term of service and a twelve-year stint at NASA, where he worked at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. He invented the Super Soaker water gun in 1989, which has been among the world's bestselling toys ever since.[2]

Lonnie Johnson
Johnson in 2016
Born	(1949-10-06) October 6, 1949 (age 73)[1] Mobile, Alabama, US
Alma mater	Tuskegee University (BS, MS)
Occupation	Inventor, Engineer
Years active	1978–Present
Known for	Super Soaker, Nerf gun
Spouse	Linda Moore
Children	4

Early life

Johnson was born in Mobile, Alabama.[3] His mother, who finished high school, worked as a nurse's aide and his father, who didn't finish high school, was a World War II veteran. His father explained the basic principles of electricity to Johnson at an early age.[4] Stating that he "always liked to tinker with things," Johnson earned the nickname "the Professor" from kids in the neighborhood.[4] He once tore up his sister's doll to see what made the eyes close.[5] He also tried to cook up rocket fuel in a saucepan but in doing so almost burned down the house.[5]

As a teenager, Johnson attended Williamson High School, an all-black school in Mobile.[6] He drew much of his inspiration from George Washington Carver.[7] In 1968, Johnson represented his high school at a science fair in Alabama, where he was the only black student attending the fair; This was a time when African Americans had very little presence in science.[4] There, he presented a robot he created, which he named "Linex," taking home the first-place prize. The robot was powered by compressed air.[4]

In 1969, shortly after graduating from high school, Johnson attended Tuskegee University, obtaining a B.S. in mechanical engineering in 1973 and a master's degree in nuclear engineering in 1975.[2][8] He also holds an honorary Ph. D. in Science from Tuskegee University.[9] He then worked for the U.S. Air Force, where he worked on the stealth bomber program, before eventually joining NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in 1979.[3]

Career

During his time at NASA (1979-1991), Johnson worked on a variety of projects, including the Air Force missions Lab, developing the nuclear power source for the Galileo mission to Jupiter,[10] several weapons-related projects, as well as an engineer on the Mariner Mark ll Spacecraft series for the Comet Rendezvous and Saturn Orbiter Probe missions.[11] He also worked on the stealth bomber program.[12]

In 1991, Johnson founded his own company, Johnson Research and Development Co., Inc., of which he is also the president.[11]

More recently, he teamed up with scientists from both Tulane University and Tuskegee University to develop a method of transforming heat into electricity to make green energy more affordable.[10]

As of 2017, Johnson has two technology-development companies, Excellatron Solid State, LLC and Johnson Electro-Mechanical Systems (JEMS), operating in the Sweet Auburn neighborhood of Atlanta, Georgia.[13][14] JEMS has developed the Johnson Thermo-Electrochemical Converter System (JTEC) which Popular Mechanics listed as one of the top 10 inventions of 2009.[15]

Johnson is a "part of a small group of African-American inventors whose work accounts for 6 percent of all U.S. patent applications.[16]

Super Soaker

Johnson first conceived the Super Soaker while doing work with the U.S. Air Force. Initially called the “Power Drencher” when it first appeared in toy shops in 1990, it eventually got its trademark name after some tweaks and remarketing.[15] Selling between $10 to $60 depending on the model, the Super Soaker took off, generating $200 million in sales in 1991.[2] Shortly after making the deal for the Super Soaker with the Larami Corporation, Larami became a subsidiary of Hasbro Inc. in February 1995.[17]

Johnson tweaked the design of the water gun, replacing the water in the Super Soaker with a "toy [Nerf] projectile."

In February 2013, Johnson filed suit against Hasbro after he discovered that he was being underpaid royalties for the Super Soaker and several Nerf line of toys.[18] In November 2013, Johnson was awarded nearly $73 million in royalties from Hasbro Inc. in arbitration. According to Hasbro, the Super Soaker is approaching sales of $1 billion.[19]

Accolades

Johnson holds more than 250 patents, most of which are for his Super Soaker. Johnson was awarded the Air Force Achievement Medal and the Air Force Commendation Medal. He received several awards from NASA for his work in spacecraft system design at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory.[9] In 2008, he was awarded the Breakthrough Award from science magazine Popular Mechanics for his work related to JTEC and was inducted into the State of Alabama Engineering Hall of Fame in 2011.[7][20] In 2015, the Super Soaker was inducted into the National Toy Hall of Fame.[21]

Personal life

Johnson is married to Linda Moore, they have four children, and live in the Ansley Park district of Atlanta, Georgia.[2]

References

General references

• "Lonnie G. Johnson, The SuperSoaker". MIT School of Engineering. September 1998. Archived from the original on May 28, 2013. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
• Anderson, Jessica (March 2007). "Yes, You Can Make a Million". Kiplinger's Personal Finance. Archived from the original on March 1, 2007. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
• Jones, Willie D. Jones (March 2008). "Super Soaker Inventor Invents New Thermoelectric Generator". IEEE Spectrum. Retrieved April 4, 2016.
• Ward, Logan (October 10, 2008). "Top 10 New World-Changing Innovations of the Year (With Videos!)". Popular Mechanics. Archived from the original on November 16, 2014. Retrieved April 4, 2016.

External links

• Profile, Johnson R&D

На других языках

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- [en] Lonnie Johnson (inventor)

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[fr] Lonnie Johnson (inventeur)

Lonnie George Johnson (né le 6 octobre 1949) est un inventeur, ingénieur aérospatial et entrepreneur américain, dont les antécédents professionnels incluent une période de service à l'US Air Force et un poste de douze ans à la NASA, notamment au Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Il a inventé le pistolet à eau Super Soaker en 1990, qui a depuis été l'un des jouets les plus vendus au monde[1].

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