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The Hansa-Brandenburg KDW was a German single-engine, single-seat, fighter floatplane of World War I. The KDW  Kampf Doppeldecker, Wasser (Fighter Biplane, Water)  was adapted from the Hansa-Brandenburg D.I landplane to provide coastal defence over the North Sea.[1][2]

KDW
Role Floatplane fighter
National origin German Empire
Manufacturer Hansa und Brandenburgische Flugzeug-Werke
Designer Ernst Heinkel
First flight September 1916
Introduction 1916
Primary user Imperial German Navy
Produced 1916–1918
Number built 58
Developed from Hansa-Brandenburg D.I

It was produced under licence by the Austro-Hungarian manufacturer Phönix from 1916 in five batches, with progressively more powerful engines and armament, 58 aircraft in total being produced.


Design and development


Hansa-Brandenburg D.I, showing the star strutter wing bracing
Hansa-Brandenburg D.I, showing the "star strutter" wing bracing

In 1916 the Imperial German Navy ordered the production of single-seat armed scout seaplanes (Jagdeinsitzer Wasser) to defend its North Sea seaplane stations against air attack. To deliver suitable aircraft quickly, the first designs were floatplanes based on existing landplane models. One such was the Hansa-Brandenburg KDW, adapted by the company's chief designer, Ernst Heinkel, from his Hansa-Brandenburg D.I.[2][3]

The D.I was a single-seat scout with novel and distinctive "star strutter" wing bracing. On each side of the aircraft four vee struts, two facing up, two facing down, were joined by their vertices at a point midway between the upper and lower wings, forming an eight-armed star configuration that gave the plane its nickname Spinne (spider).[3][4]

The KDW was essentially the D.I with a small increase in wingspan and mounted on a twin-float chassis. To counteract the keel effect resulting from the floats, which were below the aircraft's centre of gravity, vertical tailfin area was added below and later above the fuselage. Even with the added tailfin area, the aircraft's lateral stability  its tendency to return from a bank to vertical flight  was below par.[5] Moreover, the deep fuselage tended to blanket the small tailfin and rudder, making directional stability and control very poor.[3]


Operational history


The KDW was produced in Austria-Hungary under license by Phönix.[6] 58 were built in five production batches. The first batch entered combat in late 1916.[1] The wings extended well beyond the outboard ends of the star struts, and it was found that this unbraced part of the upper wing flexed when the ailerons were actuated, reducing their effectiveness. Starting with the second batch a light steel-tube vee brace was added outboard of the star struts to stiffen the outer upper wing.[7]

The first three batches were equipped with the 150 hp (110 kW) Benz Bz.III engine. The last two batches, 35 aircraft in total, were equipped with the 160 hp (120 kW) Maybach Mb.III engine.[7] The first four batches were armed with one fixed Spandau machine gun, mounted on the starboard side of the nose. The final batch of 20 aircraft, delivered between October 1917 and February 1918, were armed with twin Spandau machine guns on either side of the cockpit.[8]

Production was slow, so that many were obsolete almost as soon as they reached their units.[1] They were difficult to fly because of the aforementioned poor directional stability. Recovery from a spin was a matter of luck.[3] Another reason it was unpopular with pilots was that, until the final batch, the armament was positioned out of their reach, making it impossible to clear stoppages while airborne.[8]


Operators


 Germany

Specifications (KDW)


Data from The Encyclopedia of Military Aircraft[6]

General characteristics

Performance

Armament


See also


Related lists


Notes


  1. Angelucci & Matricardi 1977, p. 259.
  2. Gray & Thetford 1970, p. 56.
  3. Gray & Thetford 1970, p. 64.
  4. Imrie 1989.
  5. Gleim & Gleim 2006, p. 51.
  6. Jackson 2005, p. 185.
  7. Gray & Thetford 1970, p. 65.
  8. Gray & Thetford 1970, p. 66.

References



Bibliography



На других языках


[de] Hansa-Brandenburg KDW

Der Hansa-Brandenburg KDW („Kampf-Doppeldecker-Wasser“) war ein deutsches Marineflugzeug im Ersten Weltkrieg.
- [en] Hansa-Brandenburg KDW

[fr] Hansa-Brandenburg KDW

Le Hansa Brandenburg KDW (où KDW signifie Kampf Doppeldecker, Wasser , en français, chasseur biplan, eau) est un hydravion à coque biplan de chasse de la Première Guerre mondiale.

[it] Hansa-Brandenburg KDW

L'Hansa-Brandenburg KDW, contrazione di "Kampf-Doppeldecker-Wasser"[2] era un idrocaccia a scarponi, monomotore monoposto a velatura biplana, sviluppato dall'allora azienda tedesco imperiale Hansa und Brandenburgischen Flugzeugwerke GmbH negli anni dieci del XX secolo e prodotto, oltre che dalla stessa, anche in serie limitata su licenza dalla austro-ungarica Phönix Flugzeugwerke.



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