avia.wikisort.org - Aircraft_carrier

Juan Carlos I is a multi-purpose amphibious assault ship-aircraft carrier[7] in the Spanish Navy (Armada Española). Similar in role to many aircraft carriers, the amphibious landing ship has a ski jump for STOVL operations, and is equipped with the McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II attack aircraft or the new Lockheed Martin F-35B Lightning II fighter aircraft. The vessel is named in honour of Juan Carlos I, the former King of Spain.[8]

Juan Carlos I on Las Palmas, May 2011
History
Spain
Name	Juan Carlos I
Namesake	King Juan Carlos I of Spain
Ordered	5 September 2003
Builder	Navantia
Cost	€462 million[1]
Laid down	May 2005
Launched	22 September 2009[2]
Commissioned	30 September 2010[3]
Homeport	Naval Station Rota, Rota[4]
Identification	Pennant number: L61
Status	Active
Badge
General characteristics
Class and type	Juan Carlos I class
Displacement	26,000 tonnes[5]
Length	230.82 m (757 ft 3 in)[6]
Beam	32 m (105 ft)[5]
Draught	6.9 m (23 ft)[6]
Propulsion	2 × 11 MW POD[5]
Speed	21 knots (39 km/h; 24 mph)[5]
Range	9,000 nautical miles (17,000 km; 10,000 mi) at 15 knots (28 km/h; 17 mph)[5]
Boats & landing craft carried	Four LCM-1E
Capacity	913 soldiers + up to 46 Leopard 2E tanks
Complement	Ship's company: 261[5] Air wing: 172
Sensors and processing systems	LANZA-N air search, ARIES surface search, PAR aircraft landing[5] EID ICCS integrated communications control system
Electronic warfare & decoys	REGULUS and RIGEL[5]
Armament	4 × 20 mm guns 2 x BPDMS (FBNW) 1 x VLS (FBNW) 4 × 12.7 mm machine guns
Aircraft carried	AV-8B Harrier II, Chinook, Sea King, NH90
Notes	Aircraft composition: Pure combat: 25 AV-8B/F-35B + 6 flight deck parking spots Mix: 11 AV-8B + 12 NH90 + 6 flight deck parking spots Pure transport: 25 NH90 + 6 flight deck parking spots

The new vessel plays an important role in the fleet, as a platform that not only replaces the Newport-class LSTs Hernán Cortés and Pizarro for supporting the mobility of the Marines and the strategic transport of other ground forces, but also acts as a platform for carrier-based aviation replacing the now withdrawn aircraft carrier Príncipe de Asturias.

Design

The design for the Buque de Proyección Estratégica (Strategic Projection Vessel), as it was initially known, was approved in September 2003.

The vessel has a flight deck of 202 metres (663 ft), with a ski-jump ramp. The ship's flight deck has eight landing spots for Harrier, F-35 Lightning II or medium-sized helicopters, four spots for heavy helicopters of the CH-47 Chinook or V-22 Osprey size.[9] The ship can carry either 30 helicopters or 10/12 McDonnell Douglas AV-8B Harrier II or Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II and 10/12 helicopters,[5] using the light vehicles bay as an additional storage zone.

The ship uses diesel-electric propulsion, simultaneously connecting both diesels and the new technology gas turbine powerplant to a pair of azimuthal pods, for the first time in the Spanish Navy.

The complement of the ship is approximately 900 naval personnel, with equipment and support elements for 1,200 soldiers. Multi-functional garage and hangar space on two levels covers 6,000 m² (65,000 sq ft), with capacity for 6,000 tonnes load on each level. A stern well deck measuring 69.3 by 16.8 m (227 by 55 ft) can accommodate four LCM-1E landing craft which can beach-deliver non-swimming ground vehicles like tanks and four RHIBs, or one Landing Craft Air Cushion plus Assault Amphibious Vehicles.[10]^{[unreliable source?]}

Construction

Construction of the 231 m (758 ft), 27,000-tonne ship started in May 2005 simultaneously at the Navantia Shipyards in Ferrol, Galicia (with the cut of the first plate corresponding to Block 320) and in Fene, Galicia (with the cut of the first plate corresponding to Block 330). The ship, that supposes a service load of 3,100,000 hours of production and 775,000 hours of engineering, was launched 10 March 2008,[11] and was commissioned 30 September 2010.[3][12] The original budget was €360 million but the ship cost €462 million (US$600 million) in the end.[1]

Exports

Australia

On 20 June 2007, following a lengthy contest that pitted it against the similar but smaller French Mistral-class amphibious assault ship, the Australian government announced that it would build under licence two ships of the same design, known as the Canberra-class landing helicopter dock. Navantia was responsible for the ships' construction from the keel to the flight deck in Spain, after which the hulls were transported to Australia for completion by BAE Systems Australia. The first of these ships, HMAS Canberra, was commissioned on 28 November 2014; the second ship, HMAS Adelaide, was commissioned on 4 December 2015.

Russia

In September 2009, Russia invited Navantia to take part in the competition to supply the Russian Navy with the new generation of amphibious assault ships to compete against the French Mistral-class ships. In January 2011 Russia chose the Mistral proposal over the Spanish concept.

Licensing

Turkey

Navantia will provide design, technology transfer, equipment and technical assistance to Turkey's Sedef Shipyard for the design and production of TCG Anadolu, a modified Turkish derivative of the Juan Carlos-class, classified as a "Light Aircraft Carrier" by Turkish Lloyd.[13][14] It will feature local command and control systems,[15][16] the combat system will be integrated by ASELSAN and HAVELSAN.[17] In December 2013, the Turkish Navy's amphibious assault ship program was estimated to cost €375 million (US$500 million).[18] Originally, the Turkish Navy wanted a slightly shorter flight deck without the forward ski-jump ramp, optimized for helicopter-only use.[19] The service later opted for a fully equipped flight deck with the ski-jump after deciding to purchase Lockheed Martin F-35B STOVL aircraft.[20][21][22] Turkey was a Level 3 partner in the Joint Strike Fighter program and the Turkish Air Force was to get the F-35A CTOL version. On 17 July 2019, the US removed Turkey from the F-35 program for purchasing the Russian S-400 missile system.[23]

The Turkish version will be capable of operating up to 14 helicopters in "light aircraft carrier" configuration.[19][24] The final design's dimensions are: 232 m (761 ft 2 in) (length), 32 m (105 ft 0 in) (beam), 6.9 m (22 ft 8 in) (draught), and 58 m (190 ft 3 in) (height).[19] Its displacement will be 24,660 tons (in "light aircraft carrier" mission configuration) or 27,079 tons (in "amphibious landing ship" mission configuration).[19] Its maximum speed will be 21.5 knots (39.8 km/h; 24.7 mph) (in "light aircraft carrier" configuration) or 29 knots (54 km/h; 33 mph) (in "amphibious landing ship" configuration);[19] while its maximum range will be 9,000 nautical miles (17,000 km; 10,000 mi) at economical speed.[19] It will have a 5,440 m² (58,600 sq ft) flight deck and a 990 m² (10,700 sq ft) aviation hangar which can accommodate either twelve medium-sized helicopters or eight CH-47F Chinook heavy-lift helicopters.[19] When the aviation hangar and the light cargo garage are unified, up to 25 medium-sized helicopters can be carried, or up to twelve helicopters and twelve F-35 fighters.[19] Six more helicopters can be hosted on the flight deck.[19] Additionally, the ship will have a 1,880 m² (20,200 sq ft) light cargo garage for TEU containers and 27 Amphibious Assault Vehicles (AAV);[19] a 1,165 m² (12,540 sq ft) dock which can host four Landing Craft Mechanized (LCM) or two Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC), or two Landing Craft Vehicle Personnel (LCVP);[19] and a 1,410 m² (15,200 sq ft) garage for heavy loads, which can host 29 Main Battle Tanks (MBT), Amphibious Assault Vehicles and TEU containers.[19] The crew will consist of 261 personnel: 30 officers, 49 NCOs, 59 leading seamen and 123 ratings.[19]

The final contract for the ship's construction was signed with the Navantia-Sedef consortium on 7 May 2015.[19][20][25] While the commissioning of the ship was scheduled for 2021 in the beginning,[19][20][25] it was later revised to the end of 2022.[26] The estimated cost according to the final specifications is $1 billion in 2015.[19] Construction began on 30 April 2016 at the shipyard of Sedef Shipbuilding Inc. in Istanbul.[21][27][22]

The construction of an identical sister ship, to be named TCG Trakya, is currently planned.[28][29]

Ships

Name	Pennant no.	Laid down	Launched	Commissioned	Homeport
Spanish Navy
Juan Carlos I	L61	May 2005	22 September 2009	30 September 2010	Naval Station Rota, Rota
Royal Australian Navy — Canberra-class
Canberra	L02	23 September 2009	17 February 2011	28 November 2014	Fleet Base East
Adelaide	L01	18 February 2011	4 July 2012	4 December 2015	Fleet Base East
Turkish Navy — Anadolu-class
Anadolu	L-400	7 February 2018	30 April 2019	2022 (expected)
Trakya	Planned

References

Bibliography

• Warship International Staff (2007). "Launch of the Spanish Aircraft Carrier Juan Carlos I". Warship International. XLIV (4): 362–363. ISSN 0043-0374.

External links

• Official Web-site of the Spanish Navy (in Spanish) with information about the "Buque de Proyección Estratégica"
• Digital renderings of the finished vessel
• "Juan Carlos I under construction" (JPEG). Retrieved 2008-02-25.^{[permanent dead link]}
• 41 photographs Juan Carlos I (L61) launch in Revista Naval (Spanish)

На других языках

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[de] Juan Carlos I (L-61)

Die Juan Carlos I (Projektname: Buque de Proyección Estratégica) ist das Flaggschiff der spanischen Marine (Armada Española), benannt nach dem ehemaligen spanischen König Juan Carlos I. Es kann als Mehrzweckkriegsschiff sowohl in der Rolle eines Flugzeugträgers wie auch eines amphibischen Angriffsschiffs eingesetzt werden.

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- [en] Spanish amphibious assault ship Juan Carlos I

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[es] Juan Carlos I (L-61)

El Juan Carlos I (L-61), catalogado inicialmente como Buque de Proyección Estratégica, es un buque de asalto anfibio de la Armada Española botado el 10 de marzo de 2008 por la empresa española Navantia,[8] que recibe su nombre en honor al rey Juan Carlos I de España. Este buque es el de mayor tamaño y tonelaje que haya tenido la Armada Española en toda su historia.

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[fr] Juan Carlos I (L61)

Le Juan Carlos I L61 est un Landing Helicopter Dock (LHD), soit un Porte-avions, un Porte-hélicoptères et un Navire d'assaut amphibie disposant d'un radier inondable de l'Armada espagnole, premier navire de la classe Juan Carlos I. Il a un rôle similaire à celui de beaucoup de porte-avions STOVL, avec un groupe aérien embarqué de l'aviation navale espagnole composé d'hélicoptères et d'AV-8B Harrier II qui seront relevés, à terme, par des F35B.

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[ru] Juan Carlos I (L-61)

«Хуан Карлос I» — универсальный десантный корабль-авианосец ВМС Испании, по первоначальной испанской классификации — корабль стратегической проекции силы (исп. Buque de Proyección Estratégica). Близок по концепции к американским кораблям типа Wasp, однако снабжён трамплином для увеличения боевой нагрузки самолётов с укороченным взлётом. Основное вооружение корабля — истребитель AV-8B Harrier II.

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