Javelin is a British man-portable surface-to-air missile, formerly used by the British Army and Canadian Army. It can be fired from the shoulder, or from a dedicated launcher named the Lightweight Multiple Launcher (LML), that carries three rounds, and can be vehicle mounted.

Javelin
British soldier posing with Javelin triple launcher (1996)
Type	Manportable surface-to-air missile
Place of origin	United Kingdom
Service history
Used by	See Operators
Production history
Manufacturer	Thales Air Defence
Specifications
Mass	11.1 kilograms (24 lb) (missile) 24.3 kilograms (54 lb) (system)
Length	1.39 metres (4 ft 7 in)
Diameter	76 millimetres (3 in)
Crew	1
Effective firing range	300 to 4,500 metres (980 to 14,760 ft) against jets to 5,500 metres (18,000 ft) against helicopters
Warhead	High-explosive warhead
Warhead weight	2.74 kilograms (6.0 lb) (containing 0.6 kilograms (1.3 lb) of HE) with contact and proximity fuzes
Detonation mechanism	Impact force or proximity fuze
Engine	Solid fuel rocket
Maximum speed	Mach 1.7+ approx.
Guidance system	SACLOS system

The missile is an updated version of the earlier Blowpipe of the 1970s. Blowpipe used a manual guidance system which proved almost useless in combat during the Falklands War where 100 firings resulted in two hits. Javelin replaced the manual guidance system with a semi-automatic command to line of sight (SACLOS) system that only required the operator to keep their gunsight pointed at the target. A tracking system in the launcher's optics compared the location of the missile to the line-of-sight and sent it commands over a radio link to guide it. This version entered service in 1984, and was later known as Javelin GL.

Further upgrades to the missile added a fully automatic guidance system to produce the Javelin S-15. This was sold commercially, and is better known, as the Starburst surface-to-air missile. These began to replace the GL in British Army service in 1993, although the GL remained in use as a training system. Both were replaced by Starstreak starting around 1997.[1]

Javelin GL was hastily purchased by the Canadian Forces to replace the Blowpipes that failed last-minute tests during preparations for the deployment to the Persian Gulf for the First Gulf War (1990–1991).[2][3][4] It was later replaced by the Javelin S15 until retired without replacement in 2005.

History

The missile was developed as a replacement for the Blowpipe MANPADS, which was used in the Falklands War by both sides, and proved largely ineffective. Only two hits were recorded out of more than 100 launches: a British Harrier GR3 (XZ972) attacked by Argentine Army special forces (Commandos Company), and an Argentine Aermacchi MB-339 (0766 (4-A-114)) during the Battle of Goose Green.[5]

Operational use

Similar in overall appearance to the manual command to line of sight (MCLOS), radio frequency guided Blowpipe, Javelin is slightly smaller, uses semi-automatic command to line of sight (SACLOS) radio frequency guidance and is fitted with an improved warhead. The operator is equipped with a 6× magnification sight and a long range television (TV) camera to locate targets. Although the Javelin's accuracy is somewhat susceptible to smoke, fog, or clouds, it cannot be decoyed away from a target with flares because it does not use an infrared or ultraviolet (UV) spectrum seeker. It is potentially susceptible to infrared jammers such as AN/ALQ-144.

Operators

Current operators

 Botswana

• In 1991 the Botswana Defence Force procured 25 missiles with five launchers[6]

 Malaysia

• Malaysian Armed Forces

 Peru

• Peruvian Army

 South Korea

• Republic of Korea Army

Former operators

 Canada

• Canadian Army

 United Kingdom

• British Army
• Royal Marines

See also

• Anza
• Misagh-2
• Qaem

References

• Jane's Land-Based Air Defence 2005–2006, ISBN 0-7106-2697-5
• "Javelin".
• "Javelin Surface-to-Air Missile".

На других языках

[de] Javelin (Luftabwehrrakete)

[it] Javelin (missile SAM)