avia.wikisort.org - Aerodrome

Search / Calendar

Thitu Island, also known as Pag-asa Island (Tagalog: Pulo ng Pag-asa; Pangasinan: Ilalo[citation needed], having an area of 37.2 hectares (92 acres), is the second largest of the naturally occurring[3] Spratly Islands and the largest of the Philippine-administered islands. It lies about 480 kilometres (300 mi) west of Puerto Princesa. Its neighbors are the North Danger Reef to the north, Subi Reef to the west, and the Loaita and Tizard Banks to the south.

Thitu Island
Disputed island
Native name: Pulo ng Pag-asa
Other names: Pag-asa Island (Philippine English)
Pulo ng Pag-asa (Filipino/Tagalog)
Ilalo (Pangasinense)
鐵峙 / 铁峙 Thih-tu (Hokkien Chinese)
Đảo Thị Tứ (Vietnamese)
中業島 / 中业岛 Zhōngyè Dǎo (Mandarin Chinese)
Thitu Island
Thitu Island
Geography
LocationWest Philippine Sea
Coordinates11°03′N 114°17′E
ArchipelagoSpratly Islands
Administered by
 Philippines
RegionSouthwestern Tagalog Region
ProvincePalawan
MunicipalityKalayaan
Claimed by
People's Republic of China
Republic of China (Taiwan)
Vietnam
Philippines
Demographics
Population193 [1][2]

As the poblacion (administrative center) of the Kalayaan municipality of Palawan province in the Philippines, it also administers nearly a dozen other islets, cays and reefs in the Spratly Islands.[4][5] Vietnam also claims the island.

In 2019–20, the island's naval port and civilian-military airstrip were upgraded despite being swarmed by Chinese vessels.[4] Pag-asa Island has an naval jetty and landing ramp, dual use military and civilian airstrip, a lighthouse, a 5-bed lying-in clinic, a communication tower powered by Smart, and a small elementary school.[6][7]

While most of the occupants of the structures in the Spratly Islands have military personnel or temporary tourists, Pag-asa Island is the only one with a permanent civilian settlement.[8][9][10]


Etymology


The Filipino (Tagalog) name of the island is Pag-asa ("Hope"). It is also variously called in the following languages, English: Thitu Island; Mandarin simplified Chinese: 中业岛; traditional Chinese: 中業島; pinyin: Zhōngyè Dǎo; Vietnamese: Đảo Thị Tứ; Pangasinan: Ilalo; Hokkien Chinese: 鐵峙/铁峙; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Thih-tu; lit. 'Iron Shoal'.[3]

Hokkien Chinese fishermen historically called the island Thih-tu (Chinese: 鐵峙/铁峙; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Thih-tu; lit. 'Iron Shoal'; in Hokkien Min Nan pronounced IPA: [t'iɁtu]). It is sometimes incorrectly referred to as "Tiezhi Island" from the Mandarin reading (Chinese: 鐵峙島/铁峙岛; pinyin: Tiězhì Dǎo; lit. 'Iron Shoal Island'); Tiezhi Reef [zh] (铁峙礁; 鐵寺礁) refers to another area 7.5 km northeast of this island.[11] The modern Mandarin Chinese name of the island was taken from one of the battleships named Chung-yeh (中業號; Zhongye Hao), sent by the Chinese government during the Republic of China era to regain control of the island in 1946.[12][13]


History



Early and colonial history


There are historical records of the island having been inhabited, at various times in history, by fishermen from Champa in present-day Vietnam and the Chinese, and during the Second World War by French Indochina and Imperial Japanese troops.[14][15][16]

In June 1763, the British ship Earl Temple sank on the reefs of Pag-asa Island en route to Manila. Three crewmembers survived for months on the island, built a raft, and used bird feathers to make a sail. The castaways were able to reach Vietnam, later China, and from there return to England. In 1997 the shipwreck of the Earl Temple was discovered by Philippine authorities, and artifacts were recovered and are now displayed at the National Museum of the Philippines.[17][18]

From 1930 to 1933, the French colonial government in French Indochina sent naval troops to the Spratlys, including Pag-asa Island. On 21 December 1933, Gouverneur M. J. Krautheimer in Cochinchina (now Vietnam) decided to annex the Spratlys to Bà Rịa Province.[19]


Post-World War 2 history



Occupation and establishment of civilian administration by the Republic of China

After Japan surrendered to the Allies on August 15, 1945, Republic of China officials responsible for reclaiming the South China Sea Islands embarked to recover the island. The Ministry of the Interior re-erected national markers on the major islands, drew up detailed maps of them, renamed them, and published the Location Map of the South China Sea Island.[20]

In May 1956, Tomás Cloma, a Philippine national, landed on several of the islands, claiming that he had discovered them and enjoyed the rights associated with discovery-occupation. The ROC ambassador to the Philippines immediately issued a statement stressing that the islands were ROC territory, and sent a letter of protest to Philippine Vice President and Foreign Secretary Carlos Polestico Garcia. The Philippine government stated that these were individual actions by Cloma and had nothing to do with the Philippine government.[21]

On October 1, 1956, at Bei Zi Reef in the South China Sea[22][23][24] (called North Danger Reef in [25]), two nationalist Chinese ships (called Taiwanese ships in [26][25][27])- namely, the Ning Yuan (寧遠) flotilla of the Republic of China Navy (ROC),[22] containing ROC naval vessels Taihe and Yongshun [23][24]- approached Cloma's expedition with the boat PMI-IV [28][29][30][31] "and invited Captain Cloma (and Chief Engineer Benito Danseco, and other crew members[23][24]) and aboard (the naval vessel Tai He [23][24]) for a conference. A 4-hour [29] discussion over ownership ensued, during which Cloma was below deck, unaware that a boarding party had searched his vessel and confiscated all arms/ammunition,[32][27][33][29][31] maps and documents. Captain Cloma protested but was treated discourteously, interrogated,[23] and kept under detention until allowed to rejoin his boat. The next day he was again invited aboard the Chinese ship. There, even under threat to their lives, Cloma and his officers refused[33][28] to recognize that Freedomland was Chinese territory and to sign a statement[26][23][24][27][31] (signed under duress, according to Filemon Cloma's son [29][25][31]) that they would leave Freedomland and never come back. Cloma was forced to surrender arms for which he was given a receipt, whereupon the Chinese ship left Ciriaco. Captain Cloma found that the houses on Ciriaco and Irenea had been removed, and the buildings on Abad Santos Island burned down."[33][29] (Quotation marks directly above indicated heavy paraphrasing from.[33])

After the Chinese government's building burning and confiscation of property, Tomas and Filemon Cloma agitated for the Government of the Philippines to support their claims to Freedomland.[33][28][32][34][35]

On 22 May 1963, the Republic of Vietnam Navy a sovereignty stele on Thitu Island by crew members of the three vessels Huong Giang, Chi Lang and Ky Hoa of the South Vietnam.[36]


Seizure by the Philippines from the Republic of China

On 18 April 1971, due to a strong typhoon hitting Pag-asa Island (Zhongye Island), the Republic of China (Taiwan) authorities ordered all the garrisons on Zhongye Island to withdraw to Taiping Island to avoid typhoons. However, after the typhoon, the Taiwan side changed its defense, transferred the original troops back to Taiwan, and then used the landing ship to transport new troops to Zhongye Island. The Philippines saw this empty space and organized the troops to land on the island occupied by Taiwan on 29 July and renamed the island "Pag-asa Island". According to the 155th page of the second episode of "The Land Salary" published by the Taiwan Marine Corps Command, the Taiwan Navy detachment that arrived at Zhongye Island on the same day found that the Philippine Marine Corps was on the island, and Captain Hao Deyun immediately ordered the command. The 76mm gun was ready to be fired. The Philippine army on the island is a huge threat to Taiwanese forces, as a result they suddenly received an order from above: no challenge, the troops changed to Taiping Island. These Taiwanese Kuomintang officers and men had to watch the Zhongye Island fall back into the hands of the Philippines.[37]

The Philippines formally established the municipality of Kalayaan on Pag-asa island on 11 June 1978, by virtue of Presidential Decree 1596 series of 1978.[38]


Post-PCA decision

Seven new buildings were constructed on Thitu Island in 2017.[39]

In 2018, the Philippine Coast Guard constructed 5 lighthouses in the area, and this includes one on Thitu Island.[40] [41]

In 2018–19, the Philippines started to built a beach ramp, enabling the delivery of construction equipment for to work on the construction, rehabilitation and repairs of the Rancudo Airfield airstrip, soldiers' barracks, conventional and renewable power generators, desalination facilities, lighthouses, sewage disposal system, shelters and storage facilities for civilian fishermen.[42]

By May 2020, the beaching ramp was completed and Filipino Naval ship BRP Ivatan landed on the ramp. Work on the port and upgrades to the island's airstrip progressed.[4]

On 9 June 2020, the Philippine Department of National Defense (DND) led the inauguration of a beaching ramp on Thitu Island which was finally completed after three years. The facility enabled to bring in more materials and equipment to repair and maintain the airstrip and building of other facilities.[43] Also, the Department of Transportation (DOTR) confirmed that the new seaport and sheltered port on Thitu Island is completed and ready to operate by 12 June.[44][45] In June 2020, the Philippines reversed its decision to suspend the Philippines–United States Visiting Forces Agreement, and completed construction of access ramp on Thitu Island, which will enable the Philippines to commence repair to the airbase runway. China has been asked by the Philippines to respect the Permanent Court of Arbitration, which rejected China's claims in the South China Sea.[46]

In August 2020, the Kalayaan municipal government named six sandbars and two reefs associated with Pag-asa Island.[47]

On 12 June 2021, the National Power Corporation switched on its ₱33 million Kalayaan Diesel Power Plant project that covered the supply, delivery and installation of the 300 kilowatt diesel generating sets, a 13.8-kilovolt (kV) distribution line and fuel oil storage tanks, providing round-the-clock power to the facilities on the island.[48][49]


Topography


Pag-asa Island is a low-lying island with trees, shrubs, and sand bars. It is surrounded by coral reefs populated with rusting shipwrecks visible above water.[50]


Civilian administration


The island serves as the town proper to the municipality of Kalayaan. Only Pag-asa Island, among all Philippine-occupied Spratly islands, is currently inhabited by Filipino civilians. The civilian population of about 300, which includes children, were introduced in 2001.[51] However, fewer than 200 civilian Filipinos are present on the island at a time. They live in a few dozen houses, linked with sandy paths.[50] It administers nearly dozen other islets, cays, and reefs in the Spratly Islands.[4] It is the only Philippine-occupied island in the Spratlys to have a significant number of structures, including a municipal hall, multi-purpose hall, health center, school, police station, coast guard station, marine research station, water-filtration plant, engineering building, marina, communication tower, and military barracks.[52] The residents raise pigs, goats, and chickens, and plant crops in an allotted space to supplement their supplies of goods provided by a naval vessel which visits once a month. By day, the residents get electricity from a power generator owned by the municipality. By night, they shift to stored solar power that comes from 1.5-volt solar panels installed on the island. The houses do not have running water – water is used from tanks in front of each house.[50] A diesel power plant was activated on 12 June 2021, providing full power from day to night.[48]

In April 2021, the Department of Information and Communications Technology announced the installation of free Wi-Fi facilities at Pag-asa Island Elementary School, Barangay Hall, and other sites on the island. This has allowed children on the island to continue with their distance learning.[53][54]

The Philippine Coast Guard plans to upgrade its coast guard station on Pag-asa Island to boost monitoring of incursions and maritime safety and search and rescue.[55]


Military


The island has been occupied and administered by the Philippines since 1971.

Being the second largest of the Spratly Islands,[56] It is tightly protected by the Philippine forces. The island's beaches have unused concrete bunkers which were built in the 1970s, a few years after the Philippine military base was established.[50] Two-thirds of the Philippine military stationed in Philippine-occupied islands (i.e. 40 out of 60 soldiers) are assigned to the island.[57]


Rancudo Airfield


Rancudo Airfield
  • IATA: RPPN
  • ICAO: none
Summary
Airport typeMilitary
OperatorPhilippine Air Force
LocationPag-asa Island
Map
Rancudo Airfield
Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
08/26 1,300 4,265 concrete

Rancudo Airfield, named after the former Philippine Air Force Commanding General, Jose L. Rancudo, is a military and civilian airfield which was built in 1978[58][59] and has a 1,300 metres (1,400 yd) unpaved airstrip. It is currently operating on just 1,200 meters because both ends of the runway have been eroded by the sea. Repairs, initially set to begin by 2018,[39] have been delayed.[60]



Naval Station Emilio Liwanag (formerly called as Naval Station Pag-Asa) is the naval base of the Philippine Navy within Kalayaan, Palawan. It was renamed on 7 July 2009, in honor of Emilio S. Liwanag, a retired World War II and Korean War veteran. In 2004, the Philippine Navy's BRP Lanao del Norte (LT-504) ran aground during a failed attempt to dock near the island. The damaged ship remains at the site of the wreck. Additionally, the Philippine Navy has since then built a naval base be built on the island, specifically for the purposes of training the Philippine Navy's elite Special Warfare Group or Navy Seals.


Development plans


The Philippine Navy has since 1999 proposed to create a long causeway leading to a deep-water region.[58] This has already been completed as of June 2020, paving the way for Philippine Navy ships and contractors to proceed with the landing of equipment for the improvement of the facilities of the island.

The island has a white sand coastline, is filled with trees, and is a sanctuary of several species of sea birds. Its wide coral base makes for good diving. Senator Sonny Angara filed a bill on 27 August 2016, that aims to promote the island as an ecotourism zone.[61] If such proposal will be enacted to a law, other islands controlled by the Philippines would also be declared as protected areas under the National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS).[62]

In 2017, approximately 1.6 billion pesos was allocated to the island's development, for projects including a desalination plant, a port, and runway repairs.[63] Newly repaired naval and air ports will enable the delivery of construction materials and essential supplies to improve living conditions, and construction of desalination plant, renewable energy power source, cold storage facility, and fish port.[4] A beaching ramp and sheltered port were inaugurated in 2020. Runway repairs are set to begin by mid-2021.[60]

The Philippine government plans to turn the island into a logistics hub to sustain the country's military forces in the area.[64]


See also



References


  1. Census of Population (2020). Table B - Population and Annual Growth Rates by Province, City, and Municipality - By Region. PSA. Retrieved 8 July 2021.
  2. "Philippine Population Density (Based on the 2020 Census of Population)". Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 2 December 2021.
  3. Note that in 2014 the PRC embarked on a number of reclamation projects in the Spratly Islands. It appears that the largest of these, at Fiery Cross Reef, is of at least 60 hectares, and according to some unverifiable sources, possibly as large as 150 hectares. Kristine Kwok and Minnie Chan (8 June 2014). "China plans artificial island in disputed Spratlys chain in South China Sea". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 28 September 2014.
  4. Philippines bolsters posture in South China Sea after navy ship docks at new Spratly Islands port, South China Morning Post, 27 May 2020.
  5. Moss, Trefor (23 May 2014). "Countries Around South China Sea Bolster Claims With Island Outposts". Wall Street Journal.
  6. Esmaquel II, Paterno (19 July 2014). "PH town 'no match' vs China's Sansha City". Rappler. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
  7. Angelina G. Goloy "Promise of Pag-asa", Manila Standard, Manila, 22 August 2005. Retrieved on 10 October 2005.
  8. Mogato, Greg Torode, Manuel (29 May 2015). "Civilians emerge as pawns in South China Sea legal chess game". Mogato. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
  9. Quintos, Mary Fides (June 2017). "A Demonstration of Resolve in Pag-asa Island | Foreign Service Institute". Center for International Relations and Strategic Studies. 4 (18). Retrieved 28 May 2021.
  10. Fonbuena, Carmella (18 May 2015). "The residents of Pag-asa: Life on a disputed island". Rappler. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
  11. Tong Wong (25 March 2009). "Who is the owner of the Spratly Islands?(Chinese)" (in Simplified Chinese). Archived from the original on 17 January 2016. Retrieved 18 July 2016.
  12. Lu, Yiran (吕一燃) (2007). 中国近代边界史 (A modern history of China's borders) (in Simplified Chinese). 四川人民出版社 (Sichuan People's Publishing). pp. 1092–1093. ISBN 978-7220073311.
  13. Palatino, Raymond. "The Spratlys and the Philippine claim" (in Simplified Chinese). Retrieved 26 June 2014.
  14. "Timeline". History of the Spratlys. www.spratlys.org. Archived from the original on 21 March 2014. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
  15. Chemillier-Gendreau, Monique (2000). Sovereignty Over the Paracel and Spratly Islands. Kluwer Law International. ISBN 9041113819.
  16. China Sea pilot, Volume 1 (8th ed.). Taunton: UKHO - United Kingdom Hydrographic Office. 2010.
  17. "Philippine Seas Are a Trove of Sunken Treasures". Tehran Times. 15 September 1999. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
  18. "PHILIPPINES: ARCHAEOLOGISTS STUDY ARTEFACTS FROM ANCIENT SHIPWRECK | AP Archive". www.aparchive.com. Associated Press. 5 August 1997. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
  19. "MỘT SỐ TƯ LIỆU LỊCH SỬ, PHÁP LÝ VỀ CHỦ QUYỀN CỦA VIỆT NAM ĐỐI VỚI HAI QUẦN ĐẢO HOÀNG SA VÀ TRƯỜNG SA" (PDF) (in Vietnamese). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 September 2011.
  20. "Position Paper on ROC South China Sea Policy".
  21. https://www.roc-taiwan.org/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/Position-Paper-on-ROC-South-China-Sea-Policy.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  22. "Exhibition of Historical Archives on the Southern Territories of the Republic of China: A Chronology of Major Events". Kuomintang Official Website. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
  23. Handle:Seasresearch (23 March 2016). "Position Paper on ROC South China Sea Policy". South China Sea: Facts and Legal Aspects. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
  24. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Republic of China; Lin, David. "Peace in the South China Sea, National Territory Secure Forever: Position Paper on ROC South China Sea Policy" (PDF). Retrieved 3 June 2020.
  25. The office of the Honourable Senator Thanh Hai Ngo; Labrosse, Vincent; Wilson, Angus (15 February 2017). Disputes in the South China Sea (PDF). p. 48.
  26. Hayton, Bill (28 January 2014). The South China Sea: The Struggle for Power in Asia. Yale University Press. pp. 65–68. ISBN 9780300189544.
  27. 伍俐斌. "20世纪50年代台菲之间关于南沙群岛主权争执的历史考察" (PDF). Sinoss.net. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
  28. Doyo, Ma. Ceres (25 June 2015). "The Old Man and the Sea". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
  29. Handle:我要改昵称. "Chapter 72 Chapter 3 Danger and Mischief 1946-1995". Retrieved 3 June 2020.
  30. Nguyen, Gia. "Sử gia bị đạo sử (PHẦN BA)". Vanchuongviet.org. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
  31. Granados, Ulises (2009). "Ocean Frontier Expansion and the Kalayaan Islands Group Claim: Philippines' Postwar Pragmatism in the South China Sea". International Relations of the Asia-Pacific. 9 (2): 273–274. doi:10.1093/irap/lcn029. JSTOR 26159412.
  32. Tsu-sung, Hsieh (13 March 2018). South China Sea Disputes, The: Historical, Geopolitical And Legal Studies. World Scientific. p. 107. ISBN 9789813234901. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
  33. Handle:Secretariat. "The History of the Kingdom of Colonia St John". Kingdom of Colonia St John: Information Services. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
  34. Kivimäki 2002, p. 13
  35. Tønnesson, Stein (2001). "An International History of the Dispute in the South China Sea" (PDF). East Asian Institute: 6. Retrieved 3 June 2020.
  36. ""White Paper on the Hoang Sa (Paracel) and Truong Sa (Spratly) Islands (1975)". Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Republic of Vietnam).
  37. Li, Jiang. "Mr". www.qq.com. Nan Fang Zhou Muo. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
  38. "Presidential Decree 1596 s1978". Retrieved 5 April 2015.
  39. Laude, Jaime (27 May 2018). "Philippines repairs Spratlys runway". PhilStar Global. Retrieved 31 July 2019.
  40. Romero, Alexis (30 May 2018). "Philippines to build 5 lighthouses in Spratly Islands". www.pna.gov.ph. PNA. Retrieved 30 May 2021.
  41. Nepomuceno, Priam (21 April 2021). "WPS security assured with more assets". www.pna.gov.ph. PNA. Retrieved 30 May 2021.
  42. Cortez, Gillian M. (8 February 2019). "Repairs on Pag-asa Island to continue – DND". BusinessWorld. Retrieved 31 July 2019.
  43. Sadongdong, Martin. "PH inaugurates beaching ramp on Pagasa Island in West PH Sea". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
  44. Acosta, Rene. "A 'Historic' Landing". Business Mirror. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
  45. Yumol, David Tristan. "Tugade confirms Pag-Asa Island seaport ready to open by June 12". CNN Philippines. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
  46. Golden period of China-Philippines friendship loses its shine, South China Morning Post, 23 July 2020.
  47. Cabrera, Romina (17 August 2020). "Kalayaan LGU names 6 sandbars, reefs in West Philippine Sea". The Philippine Star. Retrieved 19 August 2020.
  48. Rivera, Danessa (13 June 2021). "Napocor powers up Kalayaan Island". Philstar.com. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
  49. Domingo, Ronnel (12 June 2021). "Freedom Day brings more power to outpost asserting PH sovereignty". Inquirer.net. Retrieved 14 June 2021.
  50. Campbell, Eric (20 May 2014). "Reef Madness". ABC News. Retrieved 23 May 2014.
  51. Glionna, John M. (26 July 2009), "Squatters in paradise say it's job from hell", Los Angeles Times, Retrieved 6 September 2010.
  52. Abaricia, Aimee (16 July 2005). "The Trip To Kalayaan". The Philippine Star. Manila: B–6. Archived from the original (JPEG) on 3 October 2011. Retrieved 16 February 2008.
  53. "Bridging the Digital Gap: DICT activates Free Wi-Fi sites and provides Tech4Ed in Kalayaan, Palawan". DICT. Department of Information and Communication Technology. 7 May 2021. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
  54. Rey, Aika (7 April 2021). "Pag-asa Island residents get free internet access from gov't". Rappler. Rappler. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
  55. Mangosing, Frances (26 May 2021). "PH Coast Guard station upgrade in Pag-asa planned amid China threat". Inquirer.net. Retrieved 30 May 2021.
  56. The largest of the Spratly Islands is the Taiwanese occupied Itu Aba (Tai Ping) Island (46 hectares).
    Spratly Islands. Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia 2008. Archived from the original on 1 November 2009. Retrieved 30 March 2012.
    "回眸︰1946年國民政府收復南沙太平島始末" (in Simplified Chinese). Archived from the original on 10 November 2012. Retrieved 30 March 2012.
  57. Thayer, Carl, "What If China Did Invade Pag-asa Island?", The Diplomat, 16 January 2014.
  58. Gupta, Vipin; Bernstein, Adam (May 1999). "Analysis of Aerial and Satellite Imagery". Sandia National Laboratory. Archived from the original on 29 March 2008. Retrieved 16 February 2008. (in Gupta, Vipin; Bernstein, Adam (May 1999). "Keeping an Eye on the Islands: Remote Monitoring in the South China Sea". Archived from the original on 13 March 2008.)
  59. "Statement of the National Task Force for the West Philippine Sea on the deployment of more government assets in West Philippine Sea". ptvnews.ph. PTVNews.ph. 21 April 2021. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
  60. Mangosing, Frances (21 May 2021). "Runway fix for PH-occupied Pag-asa Island to start soon". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved 15 June 2021.
  61. "Angara bill: Declare Pag-asa Island an ecotourism destination". Rappler. 27 August 2016. Retrieved 19 March 2016.
  62. "Angara bill: Declare Pag-asa Island an ecotourism destination". Rappler. Rappler.com.
  63. Bautista, Ronn (21 April 2017). "In shadow of China's reef city, Philippines seeks upgrade for its island patriots". Reuters. Retrieved 29 August 2017.
  64. Mangosing, Frances (9 June 2021). "Sobejana pushes for logistics hub on Pag-asa Island: 'This is ours'". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved 15 June 2021.


Wikimedia Commons has media related to Thitu Island.

На других языках

- [en] Thitu Island

[es] Thitu

La Isla Thitu (en Tagalo: Pagasa, chino simplificado: 中 业 岛, chino tradicional: 中 业 岛, pinyin: Zhōngyè dǎo; vietnamita: Đảo Thi Tu), con una superficie de 37,2 hectáreas (0,37 km²) es la segunda mayor isla de todas las Islas Spratly y la más grande de este grupo de las ocupadas por Filipinas. Funciona como una población o pueblo de la Municipalidad de Kalayaan, un municipio de la provincia de Palawan (una división administrativa de las Filipinas). Se encuentra a unos 300 millas (483 kilómetros) al oeste de la ciudad de Puerto Princesa, la capital de Palawan. Es reclamada además por China, Taiwán y Vietnam. Pagasa es la palabra usada en tagalo para la esperanza.

[fr] Île Thitu

L'île Thitu (en tagalog: Pag-Asa, en chinois simplifié : 中业岛 ; en chinois traditionnel : 中業島 ; en pinyin: Zhōngyè Dǎo ; en vietnamien : Đảo Thị Tứ) est une île habitée de l'archipel de Spratleys, dont elle est la deuxième île la plus étendue, avec 37,2 hectares. Elle est sous contrôle des Philippines et revendiquée par la République populaire de Chine, la République de Chine et le Viêt Nam.


Текст в блоке "Читать" взят с сайта "Википедия" и доступен по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike; в отдельных случаях могут действовать дополнительные условия.

Другой контент может иметь иную лицензию. Перед использованием материалов сайта WikiSort.org внимательно изучите правила лицензирования конкретных элементов наполнения сайта.

2019-2024
WikiSort.org - проект по пересортировке и дополнению контента Википедии