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The Salmson 2 A.2, (often shortened to Salmson 2) was a French biplane reconnaissance aircraft developed and produced by Salmson to a 1916 requirement. Along with the Breguet 14, it was the main reconnaissance aircraft of the French army in 1918 and was also used by American Expeditionary Force aviation units. At the end of the First World War, one-third of French reconnaissance aircraft were Salmson 2s.

Salmson 2 A.2
Role Reconnaissance biplane
Manufacturer Salmson
First flight 1917
Number built 3,800+

Design and development


During the First World War, the Salmson factory built aircraft engines, generally 9- and later 18-cylinder water-cooled radial engines developed from the Swiss Canton-Unné design, an early stationary radial engine design used for military aircraft. The company's first aircraft was the Salmson-Moineau S.M.1, an unusual three-seat reconnaissance biplane with twin propellers gear-driven from a single Salmson engine mounted sideways in the fuselage but it was not successful although it saw limited production.

The Salmson 2 came from a requirement to replace the Sopwith 1½ Strutter and Dorand A.R. reconnaissance aircraft in the A.2 (tactical reconnaissance) role. Salmson had built the 1½ Strutter under license, and the Salmson 2, while an original design, had more in common with the Sopwith than to the Salmson-Moineau. The aircraft was of conventional construction with a two-bay biplane configuration, powered by the company's own 230 hp (170 kW) Salmson 9Z water-cooled radial engine. Some minor control problems were quickly resolved in early testing, but the main defect of the Salmson 2, shared with the contemporary Airco DH.4, was that the pilot and gunner were widely separated, making communication difficult. Production was ordered after trials on 29 April 1917, and deliveries were underway by October of that year. Around 3,200 Salmson 2s were built in France, 2,200 by Salmson and the remainder by the Latécoère, Hanriot, and Desfontaines, companies. Some of these were Salmson 2 E.2 dual control advanced training (Ecole) aircraft.

Salmson 2 Limousine photo from L'Aéronautique October 1921
Salmson 2 Limousine photo from L'Aéronautique October 1921
Salmson 2 Berline of Lignes Aeriennes Latécoére, circa 1918
Salmson 2 Berline of Lignes Aeriennes Latécoére, circa 1918

Variants


Developments of the Salmson 2 included:


Operational history


In addition to its service with the French army, the Salmson 2 served during the First World War with United States air units. Some 700 were purchased, and were generally successful.

Postwar Salmson 2s were purchased by Czechoslovakia, and remained in service until 1924. Others were transferred to Poland, but were withdrawn by 1920, and replaced by Bristol F.2Bs. Japan undertook licensed production as the Army Type Otsu 1, also known as the Kawasaki-Salmson. The number of aircraft built in Japan is unclear; 300 were built by Kawasaki, and the same quantity by the Imperial Japanese Army's Tokorozawa supply depot, although the total number of aircraft produced may have been as high as 1,000.

After First World War, the Salmson 2 A.2 produced by Latécoère were the first aircraft used by French pioneering airmail company Aéropostale.


Military operators



Wartime


 France
 United States

Post-war


Japanese Otsu-1
Japanese Otsu-1
 Belgium
 Czechoslovakia
 Japan
 Peru
 Poland
 Spain
 Russia /  Soviet Union

Aircraft on display



Specifications


Salmson 2 A.2 drawing
Salmson 2 A.2 drawing

Data from French Aircraft of the First World War[1]

General characteristics

Performance

Armament


References


  1. Davilla, Dr. James J.; Soltan, Arthur (1997). French Aircraft of the First World War. Mountain View California: Flying Machines Press. pp. 25–26. ISBN 978-0-9637110-4-5.
  2. Owers, Colin A.; Jon S. Guttman; James J. Davilla (2001). Salmson aircraft of World War I. Boulder, Colorado. pp. 26. ISBN 1-891268-16-3.

Further reading



На других языках


[de] Salmson Sal II

Die Salmson Sal II war ein französisches Aufklärungsflugzeug, das im Ersten Weltkrieg zum Einsatz kam.
- [en] Salmson 2

[fr] Salmson 2

Le Salmson 2 dit "Salmson 2A2" est un avion de reconnaissance biplan français de la Première Guerre mondiale.

[it] Salmson 2

Il Salmson 2 fu un aereo da ricognizione monomotore, biposto e biplano, sviluppato dalla società francese Salmson negli anni dieci del XX secolo.



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