langs: 13 ноября [ru] / november 13 [en] / 13. november [de] / 13 novembre [fr] / 13 novembre [it] / 13 de noviembre [es]
days: november 10 / november 11 / november 12 / november 13 / november 14 / november 15 / november 16
Sendai Airport ( 仙台空港 , Sendai Kūkō ) ( IATA : SDJ , ICAO : RJSS ) is an international airport located in the city of Natori, Miyagi , 13.6 km (8.5 mi) south southeast of Sendai metropolis, [2] Sendai , Japan. The airport is alternatively referred to as Sendai International Airport ( 仙台国際空港 , Se
#2 Johan Adolf Pengel International Airport
Johan Adolf Pengel International Airport ( IATA : PBM , ICAO : SMJP ) , also known as Paramaribo-Zanderij International Airport , and locally referred to simply as JAP , is an airport located in the town of Zanderij and hub for airline carrier Surinam Airways , 45 kilometres (28 mi) south of Param
#3 RAF Burn
Royal Air Force Burn or more simply RAF Burn is a former Royal Air Force satellite station located 5 miles (8 km) south of Selby and 0.5 miles (0.8 km) east of Burn in North Yorkshire , England which opened in 1942 before closing in 1946. Royal Air Force base in Yorkshire, England RAF Burn Burn
#4 International Airport Irkutsk
Irkutsk International Airport ( Russian : Международный Аэропорт Иркутск ) ( IATA : IKT , ICAO : UIII ) is an international airport on the outskirts of Irkutsk , Russia , at a distance of 60 kilometers (37 miles) from Lake Baikal. International airport in Irkutsk, Russia This article needs to be upd
Soesterberg Air Base ( IATA : UTC , ICAO : EHSB ) was a Royal Netherlands Air Force (RNLAF) military air base located in Soesterberg , 14 kilometres (8.7 mi ) east-northeast of Utrecht . It was first established as an airfield in 1911, and in 1913, the Dutch Army bought the field and established t
US Naval Advance Bases were built globally by the United States Navy during World War II to support and project U.S. naval operations world-wide. A few were built on allied soil , but most were captured enemy facilities or completely new. Advance bases provided the fleet with support to keep ships t
#7 Henderson Field (Guadalcanal)
Henderson Field is a former military airfield on Guadalcanal , Solomon Islands during World War II . Originally built by the Japanese Empire , the conflict over its possession was one of the great battles of the Pacific War . Today it is Honiara International Airport . WWII military airfield in Guad
Hounslow Heath Aerodrome was a grass airfield, operational 1914–1920. It was in the London borough of Hounslow , and hosted the British Empire 's first scheduled daily international commercial flights, in 1919. The site today includes the main remaining part of Hounslow Heath . Hounslow Heath Aerodr
Novosibirsk Tolmachevo Airport ( Russian : Аэропо́рт Толмачёво ) ( IATA : OVB , ICAO : UNNT ) is situated in the town of Ob , 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) west of the center of Novosibirsk , an industrial and scientific center in Siberia and Russia 's third-largest city. Airport in Ob, Russia For the ur
Inverness Airport ( Scottish Gaelic : Port-adhair Inbhir Nis ) ( IATA : INV , ICAO : EGPE ) is an international airport situated at Dalcross , 7 NM (13 km; 8.1 mi) north-east of the city of Inverness , Scotland. It is owned by Highlands and Islands Airports Limited (HIAL). The airport is the m
Muwaffaq Salti Air Base - Azraq ( Arabic : قاعدة الشهيد موفق السلطي الجوية - الازرق ) is a Royal Jordanian Air Force air base located in Azraq , Zarqa Governorate . This article needs additional citations for verification . ( October 2014 ) Muwaffaq Salti Air Base - Azraq قاعدة الشهيد موفق السلطي ال
Fuyang Xiguan Airport ( Chinese : 阜阳西关机场 ) ( IATA : FUG , ICAO : ZSFY ) is an airport serving the city of Fuyang in Anhui Province , China . [2] Airport in Anhui, China Fuyang Xiguan Airport 阜阳西关机场 Fùyáng Xīguān Jīchǎng IATA : FUG ICAO : ZSFY Summary Airport type Public Location Fuyang , Anhui , Chi
#13 Westchester County Airport
Westchester County Airport ( IATA : HPN , ICAO : KHPN , FAA LID : HPN ) is a county-owned airport in Westchester County, New York , [1] three miles (6 km) northeast of downtown White Plains , [1] with territory in the towns of North Castle and Harrison, New York , and village of Rye Brook, New Yor
Eielson Air Force Base ( IATA : EIL , ICAO : PAEI , FAA LID : EIL ) is a United States Air Force (USAF) base located approximately 26 miles (42 km) southeast of Fairbanks, Alaska and just southeast of Moose Creek, Alaska . It was established in 1943 as Mile 26 Satellite Field and redesignated Eiel
#15 RAF Sullom Voe
Royal Air Force Sullom Voe or more simply RAF Sullom Voe is a former Royal Air Force station near the village of Brae , in the Shetland Isles of Scotland . It was a Flying boat base and was closely associated with the adjacent airfield of RAF Scatsta . [2] This article needs additional citations for
#16 RAF Lossiemouth
Royal Air Force Lossiemouth or more commonly RAF Lossiemouth or Lossie ( IATA : LMO , ICAO : EGQS ) is a military airfield located on the western edge of the town of Lossiemouth in Moray , north-east Scotland . Royal Air Force main operating base in Moray, Scotland RAF Lossiemouth Near Lossiemouth ,
#17 Mopa Airport
Mopa International Airport ( IATA : GOX , ICAO : VOGA ) is an under-construction greenfield airport being built at Mopa in Pernem taluka, North Goa district in the state of Goa , India. The airport is being developed by GMR Goa International Airport Limited (GGIAL), a special purpose vehicle (SPV).
#18 Montréal/Mascouche Airport
Montréal/Mascouche Airport , formerly TC LID : CSK3 , was a small, general aviation airport located 1.5 nautical miles (2.8 km; 1.7 mi) southeast of Mascouche and approximately 20 km (12 mi) northeast of Montreal , Quebec , Canada. It was reached by Autoroute 640 at exit 44. The runway was p
#19 RAF Harlaxton
Royal Air Force Harlaxton or more simply RAF Harlaxton is a former Royal Air Force station near the village of Harlaxton , 3 mi (4.8 km) south west of Grantham , Lincolnshire , England. The airfield was located in a triangle of flat fields midway between Harlaxton Manor (now the University of Ev
#20 Iași International Airport
Iași International Airport ( IATA : IAS , ICAO : LRIA ) is an international airport located in Iași , Romania, 8 km (5 mi) east of the city centre. One of the oldest accredited airports in Romania and the most important airport in the historical region of Moldavia , Iași Airport was in 2019 the
The Gloster Meteor was the first British jet fighter and the Allies ' only jet aircraft to engage in combat operations during the Second World War . The Meteor's development was heavily reliant on its ground-breaking turbojet engines, pioneered by Frank Whittle and his company, Power Jets Ltd . Deve
Airglow is a pedal-driven human-powered aircraft . It was designed and developed by brothers John and Mark McIntyre of Cambridgeshire , England. Airglow Role Human powered aircraft Type of aircraft National origin United Kingdom Manufacturer John and Mark McIntyre First flight 1990 Status Still flyi
The Sukhoi Su-9 ( Russian : Самолёт K , lit. ' Aircraft K ' ; USAF/DoD designation : Type 8 ) [1] was an early jet fighter built in the Soviet Union shortly after World War II . The design began in 1944 and was intended to use Soviet-designed turbojet engines. The design was heavily influenced by
The Handley Page Halifax is a British Royal Air Force (RAF) four-engined heavy bomber of the Second World War . It was developed by Handley Page to the same specification as the contemporary twin-engine Avro Manchester . Royal Air Force four-engine heavy bomber of WWII Halifax Handley Page Halifax B
#5 Driggs-Johnson DJ-1 Bumblebee
The Driggs-Johnson DJ-1 Bumblebee was a single engine, low power, single seat, parasol wing sports monoplane built in the US in 1924. It and its immediate development the Driggs Dart 1 had some competition successes; the design was further developed into two seat sesquiplanes known as the Driggs Dar
The Mikoyan MiG-29K ( Russian : Микоян МиГ-29K ; NATO reporting name : Fulcrum-D ) [9] is a Russian all-weather carrier-based multirole fighter aircraft developed by the Mikoyan Design Bureau . The MiG-29K was developed in the late 1980s from the MiG-29M . Mikoyan describes it as a 4+ generation air
The English Electric P.5 Kingston was a British twin-engined biplane flying boat built by English Electric . When the English Electric Company was formed in 1918 from several companies, the Phoenix Dynamo Manufacturing Company brought with it the two prototype Phoenix P.5 Cork reconnaissance flying
The Piper PA-28 Cherokee is a family of two-seat or four-seat light aircraft built by Piper Aircraft and designed for flight training, air taxi and personal use. [2] The PA-28 family of aircraft comprises all-metal, unpressurized, single-engined, piston-powered airplanes with low-mounted wings and t
The middle of the market , often abbreviated MoM , is the airliner market between the narrowbody and the widebody aircraft, a market segmentation used by Boeing Commercial Airplanes since at least 2003. [1] Both Airbus and Boeing produce aircraft that serve this segment. The short Boeing 767 -200/ER
The Airbus A320neo family is a development of the A320 family of narrow-body airliners produced by Airbus . The A320neo family ( neo for "new engine option") is based on the previous A319, A320 and A321 ( enhanced variant ), which was then renamed A320ceo, for "current engine option". Airliner famil
#11 Airbus A321
The Airbus A321 is a member of the Airbus A320 family of short to medium range, narrow-body , commercial passenger twin engine jet airliners ; [lower-alpha 2] it carries 185 to 236 passengers. It has a stretched fuselage which was the first derivative of the baseline A320 and entered service in 1994
#12 Airbus BelugaXL
The Airbus BelugaXL ( A330-743L ) is a large transport aircraft based on the Airbus A330-200F built by Airbus to replace the original Airbus Beluga to move oversized aircraft components, such as wings. [3] The aircraft made its first flight on 19 July 2018, [1] and received its type certification on
#13 Bristol Type 92
The Bristol Type 92 , sometimes known as the Laboratory biplane , was an aircraft built by the Bristol Aeroplane Company to address the differences between wind tunnel cowling models and full scale cowling for radial engines and was designed as a scaled-up version of a wind tunnel model aircraft. On
#14 Percival Gull
The Percival Gull was a British single-engined monoplane , first flown in 1932. It was successful as a fast company transport, racing aircraft and long-range record breaker. It was developed into the Vega Gull and the Proctor . Percival Gull Jean Batten 's Percival D.3 Gull Six on display at Aucklan
Lockheed Have Blue was the code name for Lockheed 's proof of concept demonstrator for a stealth bomber . Have Blue was designed by Lockheed's Skunk Works division, and tested at Groom Lake , Nevada . The Have Blue was the first fixed-wing aircraft whose external shape was defined by radar engineeri
The Zeppelin-Lindau V I was a metal-framed, pusher configuration , German sesquiplane , designed by Claude Dornier . It flew on 13 November 1916 and crashed on the first flight. Zeppelin-Lindau V I Role Type of aircraft National origin Germany Manufacturer Zeppelin-Werke Lindau GmbH Designer Claude
#17 Lockheed AC-130
The Lockheed AC-130 gunship is a heavily armed, long-endurance, ground-attack variant of the C-130 Hercules transport, fixed-wing aircraft . It carries a wide array of ground-attack weapons that are integrated with sophisticated sensors , navigation , and fire-control systems . Unlike other modern m
#18 CANT Z.1012
The CANT Z.1012 was a small three-engined monoplane built in Italy in the late 1930s to carry either three or five passengers depending on the engines. A small number were built for Italian diplomatic use. Mnoplane built in Italy in the late 1930s Z.1012 Role light civil transport Type of aircraft N
#19 Curtiss R3C
The Curtiss R3C is an American racing aircraft built in landplane and floatplane form. It was a single-seat biplane built by the Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company . Curtiss R3C Curtiss R3C-2 Role Racing aircraft Type of aircraft Manufacturer Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company First flight 18 Sept
The McDonnell Douglas/Boeing MD-80 is a series of five-abreast single-aisle airliners developed by McDonnell Douglas . It was produced by the developer company until August 1997 and then by Boeing Commercial Airplanes . The MD-80 was the second generation of the DC-9 family, originally designated as
#1 List of escort carriers of the Royal Navy
The escort aircraft carrier , also called a "jeep carrier" or "baby flattop" in the USN or "Woolworth Carrier" by the RN, was a small and slow type of aircraft carrier used by the Royal Navy in the Second World War . They were typically half the length and one-third the displacement of the larger fl
The Type B1 submarine ( 巡潜乙型潜水艦 , Junsen Otsu-gata sensuikan , lit. "Cruiser submarine type B") , also called I-15 -class submarine ( 伊一五型潜水艦 , I-jū-go-gata sensuikan ) was the first group of boats of the Type B cruiser submarines built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) during the 1940s. In total
USS Jamaica (CVE-43) (originally AVG-43 then later ACV-43 ), was an escort carrier of World War II that served in the British Royal Navy as HMS Shah (D21) . Returned to the United States at war's end, she was converted into a merchant vessel and she was sold into civilian service in 1946 as Salta .
USS Langley (CVL-27) was an Independence -class light aircraft carrier that served the United States Navy from 1943 to 1947, and French Navy as La Fayette from 1951 to 1963. Independence-class aircraft carrier of the US Navy in service 1943-1947 For other ships with the same name, see USS Langley .
#5 USS St. Lo
USS St. Lo (AVG/ACV/CVE–63) was a Casablanca -class escort carrier of the United States Navy during World War II . On 25 October 1944, St. Lo became the first major warship to sink as the result of a kamikaze attack. The attack occurred during the Battle off Samar , part of the larger Battle of Leyt
USS Yorktown (CV/CVA/CVS-10) is one of 24 Essex -class aircraft carriers built during World War II for the United States Navy . Initially to have been named Bonhomme Richard , she was renamed Yorktown while still under construction, after the Yorktown -class aircraft carrier USS Yorktown (CV-5)
USS Windham Bay (CVE-92) was the thirty-eighth of fifty Casablanca -class escort carriers built for the United States Navy during World War II . She was named after Windham Bay , within Tongass National Forest , of the Territory of Alaska . The ship was launched in March 1944, commissioned in May, a
HMAS Melbourne (R21) was a Majestic -class light aircraft carrier operated by the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) from 1955 until 1982, and was the third and final conventional aircraft carrier [note 1] to serve in the RAN. Melbourne was the only Commonwealth naval vessel to sink two friendly warships i
USS Forrestal (CV-59) (later CVA-59 , then AVT-59 ), was a supercarrier named after the first United States Secretary of Defense James Forrestal . Commissioned in 1955, she was the United States' first completed supercarrier, and was the lead ship of her class . The other carriers of her class were
#10 Timeline for aircraft carrier service
Aircraft carriers have their origins during the days of World War I . The earliest experiments consisted of fitting temporary "flying off" platforms to the gun turrets of the warships of several nations, notably the United States and the United Kingdom. The first ship to be modified with a permanent
HMS Formidable was an Illustrious -class aircraft carrier ordered for the Royal Navy before the Second World War. After being completed in late 1940, she was briefly assigned to the Home Fleet before being transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet as a replacement for her crippled sister ship Illustrio
USS Thornton (DD-270/AVD-11) was a Clemson -class destroyer in the United States Navy during World War II . She was named for James and Ryan Thornton , naval officers during the American Civil War , and was the second ship to bear this name. Tender of the United States Navy For other ships with the
USS Gerald R. Ford (CVN-78) is the lead ship of her class of United States Navy aircraft carriers . The ship is named after the 38th President of the United States , Gerald Ford , whose World War II naval service included combat duty aboard the light aircraft carrier Monterey in the Pacific Theater
#14 List of aircraft carrier operations during World War II
Naval historians such as Evan Mawdsley , Richard Overy , and Craig Symonds concluded that World War II's decisive victories on land could not have been won without decisive victories at sea. [1] [2] [3] Naval battles to keep shipping lanes open for combatant's movement of troops, guns, ammunition, t
USS Sangamon (CVE-26) was a US Navy escort carrier of World War II. Oiler of the United States Navy For other ships with the same name, see USS Sangamon . USS Sangamon History United States Name Esso Trenton Owner Standard Oil Company Builder Federal Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company , Kearny, New J
#16 USS Salamaua
USS Salamaua (CVE-96) was a Casablanca -class escort carrier of the United States Navy . She was named after the invasion of Salamaua , a strategically important village in the New Guinea Theater during World War II , and one of the main targets of the Salamaua–Lae campaign . She served with distinc
#17 USS Nimitz
USS Nimitz (CVN-68) is an aircraft carrier of the United States Navy , and the lead ship of her class . One of the largest warships in the world, she was laid down, launched, and commissioned as CVAN-68, "aircraft carrier, attack, nuclear powered ", but she was later redesignated as CVN-68, "aircraf
The second USS Chenango (CVE-28) (originally designated as T3 Tanker oiler AO-31 , after re-designation as an escort carrier , was first ACV-28 ) was launched on 1 April 1939 as Esso New Orleans by the Sun Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company , in Chester, Pennsylvania , sponsored by Mrs. Rathbone; acq
USS Santee (CVE-29) (originally launched as AO-29 , then ACV-29 ) was an American escort carrier . The second ship with this name, it was launched on 4 March 1939 as Esso Seakay under a Maritime Commission contract (MC hull 3) by the Sun Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company at Chester, Pennsylvania , s
USS Altamaha (AVG-18/ACV-18/CVE-18) was an escort aircraft carrier in the United States Navy during World War II . She was named for the Altamaha River in Georgia . For other ships with the same name, see USS Altamaha . USS Altamaha in 1943 History United States Laid down 19 December 1941 Launched 2
#1 Ravn Alaska
Northern Pacific Airways, Inc. , d.b.a. Ravn Alaska , is an Alaskan airline that specializes in serving the small communities in the US state of Alaska . The airline is headquartered in Anchorage , [2] which is also home to its primary hub, Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport . American regi
West Caribbean Airways S.A. (abbreviated as WCA ) was a commercial airline founded in December 1998 with its headquarters at Olaya Herrera Airport in Medellín , Colombia [1] after moving there from San Andres Island in 2001. It began operating in Novebmer 1999 and ceased operations in September 2005
ACG Air Cargo Global was a Slovak cargo airline based at Bratislava Airport which operated charter flights and some scheduled services. The airline ceased operations at the beginning of 2020. Defunct Slovakian cargo airline ACG Air Cargo Global IATA ICAO Callsign CW CCC GLOBAL CARGO Founded 2013 (
#4 Trans Polar
Trans Polar A/S was a Norwegian charter airline which operated between June 1970 and May 1971. The airline operated a fleet of three Boeing 720s and had a close cooperation with Aer Lingus for maintenance. Trans Polar was established by Thor Tjøntveit , although he never held any management position
#5 Midway Airlines (1976–1991)
Midway Airlines was an American airline founded on August 6, 1976, by investor Kenneth T. Carlson and joined by Irving T. Tague and William B. Owens on October 13, 1976, filing with the Civil Aeronautics Board (CA) for an airline operating certificate. Although it received its operating certificate
#6 Braniff International Airways
Braniff Airways, Inc. , operating as Braniff International Airways from 1948 until 1965, and then Braniff International from 1965 until air operations ceased, is an American airline that once flew air carrier operations and conducted other travel related businesses from 1928 until 1982 and continues
#7 Cape Air
Hyannis Air Service Inc. , operating as Cape Air , is an airline headquartered at Barnstable Municipal Airport in Hyannis, Massachusetts , United States. [3] It operates scheduled passenger services in the Northeast , the Caribbean , Midwest , and Eastern Montana . Flights between Hyannis and Nantuc
Inter Airlines was a charter airline based in Antalya , Turkey . It operated holiday charter flights from Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands to Turkish resorts, as well as wet lease services for other airlines. Its main base was Antalya Airport . [1] Inter Airlines IATA ICAO Callsign 6K INX INTER-
#9 Envoy Air
Envoy Air Inc. is an American regional airline headquartered in Irving, Texas . The airline is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the American Airlines Group and it is paid by fellow group member American Airlines to staff, operate and maintain aircraft used on American Eagle flights that are scheduled, m
#10 Daallo Airlines
Daallo Airlines is a Somali -owned airline based at Dubai Airport Free Zone in Al Garhoud , Dubai , United Arab Emirates . [2] With its main hub at the Djibouti–Ambouli International Airport , the airline operates scheduled services in the Horn of Africa and the Middle East. [3] [4] Somali-owned air
#11 SKS Airways
SKS Airways is a regional airline operating in Malaysia , primarily serving routes to/from outlying islands. [4] SKS Airways IATA ICAO Callsign KI SJB SOUTHERN TIGER Founded 13 November 2017 ; 4 years ago ( 2017-11-13 ) [1] Commenced operations 25 January 2022 ; 8 months ago ( 2022-01-25 ) [
#12 Etihad Airways
Etihad Airways ( Arabic : شَرِكَة ٱلْاِتِّحَاد لِلطَّيْرَان , romanized : sharikat al-ittiḥād li-ṭ-ṭayarān ) is one of two flag carriers of the United Arab Emirates (the other being Emirates ). Its head office is in Khalifa City , Abu Dhabi , near Abu Dhabi International Airport. Etihad commenced
Atlas Atlantique Airlines , formerly Atlantique Air Assistance , was a French regional airline headquartered in La Chevrolière . [1] The airline's base was at Nantes Atlantique Airport with an office at Paris - Le Bourget Airport . French regional airline Atlas Atlantique Airlines IATA ICAO Callsign
#14 History of Braathens SAFE (1946–1993)
Braathens South American & Far East Airtransport A/S or Braathens SAFE was founded by ship-owner Ludvig G. Braathen in 1946. It started as a charter airline based at Oslo Airport, Gardermoen in Norway , flying to destinations in the Far East and in South America. At first the airline used Douglas DC
#15 Aria Air
Aria Air ( Persian : هواپیمایی آریا ) was an airline based in Bandar Abbas , Iran. It operated international and domestic passenger service. Officially, its main base was in Bandar Abbas, but the headquarter was located in Tehran . Iranian airline Aria Air هواپیمایی آریا Aria Air's Fokker 50 flying
#16 TUI fly Belgium
TUI fly Belgium , [1] [2] legally incorporated as TUI Airlines Belgium S.A./N.V. and formerly branded Jetairfly , [2] is a Belgian scheduled and charter airline with its registered office at Brussels Airport . [3] Belgian charter airline at Brussels Airport This article is about the Belgian airline.
#17 Fiji Link
Fiji Link is the trade name for Fiji Airlines Limited , which is a Fijian domestic airline and a wholly owned subsidiary of the international carrier Fiji Airways . It is headquartered at the Fiji Link office in the Civil Aviation Authority of Fiji (CAAFI) compound at Nadi International Airport in N
#18 Agderfly
Agderfly AS was a flight school and airline based in Kristiansand , Norway , which operated from 1966 to 2004. Originally based in Froland , since 1969 it operated out of Kristiansand Airport, Kjevik . Agderfly was owned by Ola Rustenberg, who was also chief instructor. From 1989 to 1992 the company
Volga-Dnepr Airlines, LLC ( Russian : ООО «Авиакомпания «Волга-Днепр» ) is an airline based in Ulyanovsk , Russia . It specializes in providing air charter services by operating a unique fleet of twelve Antonov An-124 (largest production cargo aircraft), five Boeing 747-8F and five IL-76TD-90VD (Sta
#20 Royal Wings
Royal Wings ( RW , Arabic : الأجنحة الملكية ) was a Royal Jordanian Group Company and the charter arm of Royal Jordanian, was an airline based in Amman , Jordan . Its main base was at Queen Alia International Airport (AMM), Amman with hubs also at Amman Civil Airport (ADJ) and King Hussein Internati
The Balloon Boy hoax occurred on October 15, 2009, when a homemade helium-filled gas balloon shaped to resemble a silver flying saucer was released into the atmosphere above Fort Collins, Colorado , by Richard and Mayumi Heene. They then claimed that their six-year-old son Falcon was trapped inside
Jagdgeschwader 52 (JG 52) [lower-alpha 1] was a German World War II fighter Geschwader ( wing ) that exclusively used the Messerschmitt Bf 109 throughout the war. The unit originally formed near Munich in November 1938, then moved to a base near Stuttgart . JG 52 became the most successful fighter-
No. 196 Squadron was a Royal Air Force squadron originally formed as a training unit during World War I. It was active during World War II in Nos. 3 , 4 and 38 Group RAF . It served first as a bomber squadron and later as an airborne support and transport unit. Defunct flying squadron of the Royal A
No. 253 (Hyderabad State) Squadron was a flying squadron of the Royal Air Force between 1918 and 1947. Originally formed in 1918, it served in WW1 flying coastal reconnaissance and anti-submarine patrols. Later in WW2 it took part in the Battle of France , the Battle of Britain , and then fought in
#4 VMF-215
Marine Fighting Squadron 215 (VMF-215) was a fighter squadron of the United States Marine Corps that was commissioned and fought during World War II . Known as "The Fighting Corsairs", the squadron fought in many areas of the Pacific War , including the Battle of Bougainville . During its four-and-a
#5 57th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron
The 57th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron , also known as "The Black Knights of Keflavik", [ citation needed ] is an inactive United States Air Force unit. The 57 FIS was last stationed at Naval Air Station Keflavik , Iceland . It was inactivated on 1 March 1995. 57th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron 57th F
The 358th Fighter Squadron is part of the 495th Fighter Group at Whiteman Air Force Base , Missouri. The squadron was reactivated there in 2015. The squadron was formerly part of the 355th Operations Group at Davis–Monthan Air Force Base , Arizona, operating the Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt I
#7 156th Wing
The 156th Wing (156 WG) is a unit of the Puerto Rico Air National Guard , stationed at Muñiz Air National Guard Base , in Carolina, Puerto Rico . If activated to federal service with the United States Air Force , the wing is operationally gained by the Air Mobility Command ( AMC ). Unit of the Puert
Marine Aircraft Group 24 (MAG-24) is a United States Marine Corps aviation unit based at Marine Corps Air Facility Kaneohe Bay . MAG-24 is subordinate to the 1st Marine Aircraft Wing [2] and the III Marine Expeditionary Force (III MEF) . [3] Marine Aircraft Group 24 MAG-24 Insignia Active 1 March 19
#9 List of Royal Flying Corps squadrons
A list of Royal Flying Corps squadrons with date and location of foundation. This article needs additional citations for verification . ( February 2016 ) The Royal Flying Corps (RFC) was the aviation arm of the British Army . Squadrons were the main form of flying unit from its foundation on 13 Apri
#10 List of wings of the Royal Air Force
Wings within the Royal Air Force have both administrative and tactical applications. Over the years, the structure and role of wings has changed to meet the demands placed on the RAF. Many of the RAF's numbered wings were originally Royal Flying Corps (RFC) or Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) units. W
The 107th Fighter Squadron is a unit of the Michigan Air National Guard 127th Wing . It is assigned to Selfridge Air National Guard Base , Michigan and is equipped with the Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II aircraft. United States Air Force Air Combat Command unit This article's lead section ma
No. 27 Squadron (Flaming Arrows) IAF is a Ground-Attack and Close Air Support squadron of the Indian Air Force, operating from Gorakhpur AFS, under Central Air Command. [1] No. 27 Squadron Active 15 February 1957 - Present Country Republic of India Branch Indian Air Force Role Fighter Garrison/HQ
#13 24th Special Operations Wing
The 24th Special Operations Wing ( Air Force Special Tactics ) is a United States Air Force active-duty wing that was activated on 12 June 2012. [3] Its headquarters is at Hurlburt Field , Florida and it has component groups located in North Carolina , Georgia and Washington . It is the third specia
#14 INAS 312
The INAS 312 is an Indian naval air squadron based at INS Rajali . [3] INAS 312 INAS 312 Insignia Active 18 November 1976 - present [1] Country India Branch Indian Navy Garrison/HQ INS Rajali Nickname(s) The Albatross [2] Aircraft flown Patrol P-8I Neptune Military unit
No. 500 (County of Kent) Squadron AAF was a Royal Air Force flying squadron. It was initially formed in 1931 as a Special Reserve squadron and in 1936 became part of the Auxiliary Air Force , at this time based at Manston and Detling . Royal Air Force flying squadron No. 500 (County of Kent) Squadro
#16 516th Strategic Fighter Squadron
The 516th Strategic Fighter Squadron is an inactive United States Air Force unit. Its last assignment was with the 407th Strategic Fighter Wing at Great Falls Air Force Base , Montana, where it was inactivated on 1 July 1957. 516th Strategic Fighter Squadron 407th Wing RF-84F Thunderstreaks Active 1
The 525th Fighter Squadron is a United States Air Force unit. It is assigned to the 3d Operations Group at Joint Base Elmendorf–Richardson , Alaska. The squadron was first activated as the 309th Bombardment Squadron in February 1942. After training in the United States, it deployed to the Mediterran
The 81st Fighter Squadron (81 FS) is a training squadron of the United States Air Force 's Air Education and Training Command (AETC), stationed at Moody Air Force Base , Georgia. It is a Geographically Separate Unit of the 14th Operations Group , 14th Flying Training Wing at Columbus Air Force Base
The 355th Fighter Squadron , nicknamed the Fightin' Falcons , is a United States Air Force unit stationed at Eielson Air Force Base , Alaska. It is an active-duty unit assigned to the 354th Fighter Wing and operates the Lockheed Martin F-35A Lightning II . The squadron is tasked with the Suppression
No. 627 Squadron was a Royal Air Force Mosquito aircraft pathfinder bomber squadron that operated during the Second World War . [2] No. 627 Squadron RAF Official Squadron badge of No. 627 Squadron RAF Active 12 November 1943 – 1 October 1945 Country United Kingdom Branch Royal Air Force Role Pathfin
#1 Helicopter
A helicopter is a type of rotorcraft in which lift and thrust are supplied by horizontally spinning rotors . This allows the helicopter to take off and land vertically , to hover , and to fly forward, backward and laterally. These attributes allow helicopters to be used in congested or isolated area
#1 John Carmack
John D. Carmack II [1] (born August 20, 1970) [1] is an American computer programmer and video game developer . He co-founded the video game company id Software and was the lead programmer of its 1990s games Commander Keen , Wolfenstein 3D , Doom , Quake , and their sequels. Carmack made innovations
Francis Stewart Briggs (18 September 1897 – 21 July 1966) was a pioneering Australian aviator. Frank Briggs learnt to fly with the Royal Flying Corps in the First World War . During the Peace Conference in 1919 he flew delegates between London and Paris and was the personal pilot of Australia's Prim
Giuseppe Mario Bellanca (March 19, 1886 – December 26, 1960) was an Italian-American aviation pioneer, airplane designer and builder, who is credited with many design firsts and whose aircraft broke many aviation records. He was inducted into the National Aviation Hall of Fame in 1973. [1] The Bella
John Watts Young (September 24, 1930 – January 5, 2018) was an American astronaut , naval officer and aviator , test pilot , and aeronautical engineer . He became the ninth person to walk on the Moon as commander of the Apollo 16 mission in 1972. He is the only astronaut to fly on four different c
Jean-Paul Herteman [1] is a French aerospace engineer , materials scientist and chief executive . He was CEO of Safran until 23 April 2015, [2] [3] the French Aerospace engine & equipment manufacturer and Chairman of both the French Aerospace Industries Association ( GIFAS ) [4] and of the AeroSpace
#6 Frank Borman
Frank Frederick Borman II (born March 14, 1928) is a retired United States Air Force (USAF) colonel , aeronautical engineer , test pilot , businessman, and NASA astronaut . He was the commander of Apollo 8 , the first mission to fly around the Moon, and together with crewmates Jim Lovell and William
#7 Karl Baur
Karl Baur (November 13, 1911 – October 12, 1963) was a German test pilot , flight instructor and engineer. His friends referred to him truly as "A Pilot's Pilot". [1] : 222 German test pilot, flight instructor and engineer This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these
John Fishwick Leeming (8 January 1895 – 3 July 1965) was an English entrepreneur, businessman, early aviator, co-founder of the Lancashire Aero Club , gardener and author.
Heinrich Hertel (13 November 1901 in Düsseldorf – 5 December 1982) [1] was a German aeronautical engineer . German aerospace engineer This article needs additional citations for verification . ( October 2016 ) After graduating as an engineer from Munich Technical College , he joined the Junkers comp
George Spangenberg (June 22, 1912 – November 13, 2000 [1] ) was head of aircraft design in the United States Navy ' s Naval Air Systems Command . American naval aeronautical engineer (1912–2000) George Spangenberg Born George Albert Spangenberg ( 1912-06-22 ) June 22, 1912 Duluth, Minnesota , U.S.
#11 Horten brothers
Walter Horten (born 13 November 1913 in Bonn ; died 9 December 1998 in Baden-Baden , Germany ) and Reimar Horten (born 12 March 1915 in Bonn ; died 14 March 1994 in Villa General Belgrano , Argentina ), sometimes credited as the Horten Brothers , were German aircraft pilots. Walter was a fighter pil
#12 Paul Fitts
Paul Morris Fitts Jr. (May 6, 1912 – May 2, 1965) was a psychologist at the Ohio State University (later at the University of Michigan ). He developed a model of human movement, Fitts's law , based on rapid, aimed movement, which went on to become one of the most highly successful and well studied m
Charles Irving "Sam" Elliott (1892–1972) was a pioneer aviator in the Hawaiian Islands . As an airline pilot, he is credited with the first scheduled passenger flight between the Hawaiian Islands, the first scheduled airmail flight between the Hawaiian Islands, and the first scheduled cargo flight i
#14 Desmond Norman
Nigel Desmond Norman , CBE , FRAeS (13 August 1929 – 13 November 2002) was an aircraft designer and aviation pioneer. Norman co-founded Britten-Norman in 1954, was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1970, and served as chairman and managing director of AeroNorTec (1988–2002)
#15 Paul Cornu
Paul Cornu ( French pronunciation: [pɔl kɔʁny] ; June 15, 1881 – 6 June 1944) was a French engineer. French engineer French engineer Paul Cornu in his first helicopter in 1907 . Note that he is sitting between the two rotors, which rotated in opposite directions to cancel torque. This helicopter
#16 Richard V. Rhode
Richard V. Rhode (March 2, 1904 – November 13, 1994) was an early aeronautical engineer at Langley Memorial Aeronautical Laboratory , [1] who researched aerodynamic loading. [2] [3] [4] [5] He was awarded the Wright Brothers Medal in 1937 for this work. He continued doing secret aerodynamics-related
Alberto Santos-Dumont ( Palmira , 20 July 1873 — Guarujá , 23 July 1932) was a Brazilian aeronaut , sportsman, inventor, [1] [2] and one of the few people to have contributed significantly to the early development of both lighter-than-air and heavier-than-air aircraft. The heir of a wealthy family o
#18 Enrico Palermo
Enrico Palermo is an Australian mechanical engineer, businessman and the Head of the Australian Space Agency . [1] He was the former President of The Spaceship Company , which develops and manufactures spaceplanes for Virgin Galactic , and the former Chief Operating Officer at Virgin Galactic, [2] w
#19 List of pilots awarded an Aviator's Certificate by the Aéro-Club de France in 1910
The Aéro-Club de France issued Aviators Certificates from 1909. These were internationally recognised under the Fédération Aéronautique Internationale .
Gerald D. Griffin (born December 25, 1934) is an American aeronautical engineer and former NASA official, who served as a flight director during the Apollo program and director of Johnson Space Center , succeeding Chris Kraft in 1982. American aerospace engineer and businessman For the Irish novelis
The Rolls-Royce Trent 800 is a high-bypass turbofan produced by Rolls-Royce plc , one of the engine options for the early Boeing 777 variants. Launched in September 1991, it first ran in September 1993, was granted EASA certification on 27 January 1995, and entered service in 1996. It reached a 40%
The Progress D-18T (or Lotarev D-18T ) is a 51,500 lbf (229 kN) high-bypass turbofan that powers the Antonov An-124 Ruslan and An-225 large freighters. D-18T D-18T engine installed on an Antonov An-124 "Ruslan" prototype Type Turbofan National origin Soviet Union / Ukraine Manufacturer Motor Sic
The Metropolitan-Vickers F.2 is an early turbojet engine and the first British design to be based on an axial-flow compressor . It was an extremely advanced design for the era, [1] using a nine-stage axial compressor, annular combustor , and a two-stage turbine. Early turbojet engine This article ne
#4 Fiat AS.2
For the aircraft of the same name, see Fiat AS.2 (aircraft) AS.2 Type Piston V-12 aero engine Manufacturer Fiat Aviazione First run c.1925 Major applications Macchi M.39 Developed from Fiat A.22 Developed into Fiat AS.3 1920s Italian piston aircraft engine The Fiat AS.2 was an Italian 12-cylinder, l
This is a list of aviation-related events from 2002: Wikimedia list article Years in aviation : 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Centuries : 20th century · 21st century · 22nd century Decades : 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s 2030s Years : 1999 2000 2001 2
This is a list of aviation -related events from 1969: Years in aviation : 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 Centuries : 19th century · 20th century · 21st century Decades : 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s Years : 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 19
#3 List of accidents and incidents involving military aircraft (1955–1959)
This is a list of notable accidents and incidents involving military aircraft grouped by the year in which the accident or incident occurred. Not all of the aircraft were in operation at the time. Combat losses are not included except for a very few cases denoted by singular circumstances. This tran
#4 Aeroflot accidents and incidents in the 1970s
Aeroflot , the Soviet Union 's national carrier , experienced a number of serious accidents and incidents during the 1970s. The airline's worst accident during the decade took place in August 1979 ( 1979-08 ) , when two Tupolev Tu-134s were involved in a mid-air collision over the Ukrainian city
#5 List of Soviet aircraft losses during the Soviet–Afghan War
The following is a partial and unofficial list of helicopter and airplane crashes, accidents and shotdowns that occurred during the Soviet–Afghan War of 1979–89. In total, at least 333 helicopters and 118 Soviet jets were reported lost during the war. [1] This transport-related list is incomplete ;
#6 List of accidents and incidents involving the DC-3 in 1946
This is a List of accidents and incidents involving Douglas DC-3 A variants that have taken place in the year 1946 , including aircraft based on the DC-3 airframe such as the Douglas C-47 Skytrain and Lisunov Li-2 . Military accidents are included; and hijackings and incidents of terrorism are cover
This is a list of aviation -related events from 1999: Years in aviation : 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Centuries : 19th century · 20th century · 21st century Decades : 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s Years : 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 20
#8 Accidents and incidents involving the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress
This is a partial list of accidents and incidents involving the Boeing-designed B-17 Flying Fortress . Combat losses are not included except for a very few cases denoted by singular circumstances. A few documented drone attrition cases are also included. Main article: Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress Air
#9 List of accidents and incidents involving the Douglas DC-4
The Douglas DC-4 is a piston-engine airliner and transport aircraft built by the Douglas Aircraft Company from 1942 to 1947. The type was originally designed as a commercial airliner, but until the end of World War II , all were built as military transports . After the war, many of these military ai
#10 List of accidents and incidents involving airliners by airline (A–C)
This list of accidents and incidents involving airliners by airline summarizes airline accidents and all kinds of minor incidents by airline company with flight number, location, date, aircraft type, and cause. This article needs additional citations for verification . ( June 2012 ) JetBlue Flight 2
#11 Air Transport International Flight 805
Air Transport International Flight 805 was a regularly scheduled domestic cargo flight from Seattle to Toledo operated by Burlington Air Express. On February 15, 1992 the Douglas DC-8 operating the flight crashed during a second go-around attempt at Toledo Express Airport , killing all four people o
#12 1991 in aviation
This is a list of aviation -related events from 1991: Aviation-related events from 1991 Years in aviation : 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 Centuries : 19th century · 20th century · 21st century Decades : 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s Years : 1988 198
#13 List of accidents and incidents involving military aircraft (1950–1954)
This is a list of notable accidents and incidents involving military aircraft grouped by the year in which the accident or incident occurred. Not all of the aircraft were in operation at the time. Combat losses are not included except for a very few cases denoted by singular circumstances. This tran
#14 List of aviation shootdowns and accidents during the Iraq War
This list of aviation shootdowns and accidents during the Iraq War includes incidents with Coalition and civilian aircraft during the Iraq War . According to media reports, 129 helicopters and 24 fixed-wing aircraft were lost in Iraq between the 2003 invasion and February 2009. Of these incidents, 4
Lion Air Flight 538 (JT 538) was a scheduled domestic passenger flight from Soekarno–Hatta International Airport , Jakarta, to Juanda International Airport in Surabaya, with a stopover at Adi Sumarmo Airport , Surakarta , Indonesia . On 30 November 2004, the McDonnell Douglas MD-82 overran the runwa
#16 List of accidents and incidents involving the Antonov An-24
The Antonov An-24 has suffered 159 accidents with a total of 2,134 fatalities.
#17 1951 in aviation
This is a list of aviation -related events from 1951: Years in aviation : 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 Centuries : 19th century · 20th century · 21st century Decades : 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s Years : 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 19
#18 1944 in aviation
This is a list of aviation -related events from 1944: Years in aviation : 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 Centuries : 19th century · 20th century · 21st century Decades : 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s Years : 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 19
#19 2014 in aviation
This is a list of aviation-related events from 2014 : Mediterranean Sea (16 March 2014) An MH-60S Sea Hawk helicopter assigned to Helicopter Sea Combat Squadron (HSC) 9 prepares to land on the flight deck of the guided-missile destroyer USS Ramage (DDG 61). Ramage is on a scheduled deployment suppor
#20 Volga-Dnepr Airlines Flight 4066
On 13 November 2020, Volga-Dnepr Airlines Flight 4066 suffered an uncontained engine failure on take-off from Tolmachevo Airport , Novosibirsk , Russia for Vienna International Airport , Vienna , Austria. The aircraft was severely damaged, and was further damaged when it overran the runway on landin
The General Aircraft GAL.56 was a family of 1940s British experimental tailless swept wing glider designs. GAL.56 GAL.56/01 Role Experimental tailless gliders Type of aircraft National origin United Kingdom Manufacturer General Aircraft Ltd First flight November 1944 Number built 4
The one-off, experimental Czerwiński CW IV was a Polish high performance glider and the nation's first two-seater. It set several national records and influenced later Polish designs. CW IV Role Exprimental two seat glider Type of aircraft National origin Poland Manufacturer ZASPL Designer Wacław Cz
#3 General Airborne Transport XCG-16
The XCG-16 was a military transport/assault glider ordered by the United States Army Air Forces (USAAF), from General Airborne Transport Co. , for competition against the Waco CG-13 A at Wright Field . [1] XCG-16 The MC-1 in flight Role Military transport glider Type of aircraft National origin Unit
The McDonnell XV-1 is an experimental Convertiplane developed by McDonnell Aircraft for a joint research program between the United States Air Force and the United States Army to explore technologies to develop an aircraft that could take off and land like a helicopter but fly at faster airspeeds, s
The AgustaWestland AW149 is a medium-lift multi-role military helicopter developed by AgustaWestland , now Leonardo , launched in 2006. On 20 June 2011 AgustaWestland announced the AW189 , a civilian development of the AW149, for service in 2013. [1] AW149 AW149 over RIAT in 2022 Role Medium-lift mi
The McDonnell 120 Flying Crane , also V-1 Jeep , was a lightweight utility flying crane helicopter designed and built by the McDonnell Aircraft Corporation during the 1950s. The open frame fuselage supported the three gas-producers and main rotor mast, with a small single-seat cockpit in the nose, w
The NHIndustries NH90 is a medium-sized, twin-engine, multi-role military helicopter . It was developed in response to NATO requirements for a battlefield helicopter which would also be capable of being operated in naval environments. The NH90 was developed and is manufactured by NHIndustries , a co
The Cornu helicopter was an experimental helicopter built in France , and is widely credited with the first free flight of a rotary-wing aircraft when it took to the air on 13 November 1907. Built by bicycle -maker Paul Cornu , it was an open-framework structure built around a curved steel tube that
#1 Avia
Avia Motors s.r.o. is a Czech automotive manufacturer. It was founded in 1919 as an aircraft maker, and diversified into trucks after 1945. As an aircraft maker it was notable for producing biplane fighter aircraft , especially the B-534 . Avia ceased aircraft production in 1963. Czech vehicle manuf
#2 Competition between Airbus and Boeing
The competition between Airbus and Boeing has been characterised as a duopoly in the large jet airliner market since the 1990s. [1] This resulted from a series of mergers within the global aerospace industry , with Airbus beginning as a pan-European consortium while the American Boeing absorbed its
#3 Diamond Aircraft Industries
Diamond Aircraft Industries is a Chinese -owned manufacturer of general aviation aircraft and motor gliders , based in Austria . It is the third largest manufacturer of aircraft for the general aviation sector, and has manufacturing facilities in Wiener Neustadt , Lower Austria , and in London, Onta
Brooklands Museum is a motoring and aviation museum occupying part of the former Brooklands motor-racing track in Weybridge , Surrey, England. Aviation museum, Motor museum in Weybridge, Surrey Brooklands Museum Established 1991 ; 31 years ago ( 1991 ) Location Weybridge , Surrey Type Aviation m
#2 Hubschraubermuseum Bückeburg
The Hubschraubermuseum Bückeburg (Bückeburg Helicopter Museum) is located in the German town of Bückeburg , 30 miles (50 km) to the west of Hanover . The museum is the sole museum in Germany specialising in rotary-wing flight and one of few worldwide. The museum is dedicated to the history and tec
#1 Iron Dome
Iron Dome ( Hebrew : כִּפַּת בַּרְזֶל , romanized : Kippat Barzel ) is a mobile all-weather air defense system [8] developed by Rafael Advanced Defense Systems and Israel Aerospace Industries . [7] The system is designed to intercept and destroy short-range rockets and artillery shells fired from
#2 San Shiki (anti-aircraft shell)
Sanshikidan ( 三式弾 , "type 3 shell") was a form of ammunition: a World War II -era combined shrapnel and incendiary anti-aircraft round used by the Imperial Japanese Navy . The type of layered construction of the warheads were generically referred to as Beehive rounds. The shells were intended to put
#3 List of Syrian civil war barrel bomb attacks
A barrel bomb is a type of improvised explosive device used extensively by the Syrian Air Force during the Syrian civil war . They are typically made from a barrel that has been filled with High Explosives , along with shrapnel and/or oil . In Syria they are typically dropped from a helicopter . [1]
The Aster 15 and Aster 30 are a Franco-Italian family of all-weather, vertical launch surface-to-air missiles . [17] The name " Aster " stands for "Aérospatiale Terminale" (French company Aérospatiale having been the project's lead contractor before its missile activities were merged into MBDA ). It
#5 9K38 Igla
The 9K38 Igla ( Russian : Игла́ , "needle", NATO reporting name SA-18 Grouse ) is a Russian/ Soviet man-portable infrared homing surface-to-air missile (SAM) system. A simplified, earlier version is known as the 9K310 Igla-1 (NATO: SA-16 Gimlet ), and the latest variant is the 9K338 Igla-S ( SA-24 G
#6 QRSAM
Quick Reaction Surface-to-Air Missile ( QRSAM ) is a missile developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Bharat Electronics Limited and Bharat Dynamics Limited for the Indian Army , [10] meant for protecting moving armoured columns from aerial attacks. [5] Indian surface-t
The Pantsir ( Russian : Панцирь , lit. ' "Carapace" ' ) missile system is a family of self-propelled, medium-range surface-to-air missile and anti-aircraft artillery systems. Starting with the Pantsir-S1 ( Russian : Панцирь-С1 , NATO reporting name SA-22 Greyhound ) as the first version, it is pro
#8 Nike Zeus
Nike Zeus was an anti-ballistic missile (ABM) system developed by the US Army during the late 1950s and early 1960s that was designed to destroy incoming Soviet intercontinental ballistic missile warheads before they could hit their targets. It was designed by Bell Labs' Nike team, and was initially