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Hawker Aircraft Limited was a British aircraft manufacturer that was responsible for some of the most famous products in British aviation history.

Hawker Aircraft Limited

Industry	Aviation
Predecessor	Sopwith Aviation & Engineering Company
Founded	1920; 102 years ago (1920) (as H.G. Hawker Engineering)
Defunct	1963; 59 years ago (1963)
Fate	Merged into Hawker Siddeley Group
Successor	Hawker Siddeley Aviation
Headquarters	Kingston upon Thames, Greater London , UK
Number of locations	Langley, Dunsfold, Blackpool
Key people	Harry Hawker Thomas Sopwith Sydney Camm
Products	Aircraft
Subsidiaries	Gloster Aircraft Company (1934)

History

Hawker had its roots in the aftermath of the First World War, which resulted in the bankruptcy of the Sopwith Aviation Company. Sopwith test pilot Harry Hawker and three others, including Thomas Sopwith, bought the assets of Sopwith and formed H.G. Hawker Engineering in 1920.[1]

In 1933, the company was renamed Hawker Aircraft Limited, and it took advantage of the Great Depression and a strong financial position to purchase the Gloster Aircraft Company in 1934. The next year, it merged with the engine and automotive company Armstrong Siddeley and its subsidiary, Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft, to form Hawker Siddeley Aircraft. This group also encompassed A. V. Roe and Company (Avro).

The company continued to produce designs under the "Hawker" name as part of Hawker Siddeley Aircraft, which from 1955 was a division of Hawker Siddeley Group. In 1963, the "Hawker" brand name was dropped, along with those of the sister companies; the Hawker P.1127 was the last aircraft to carry the brand name.

The Hawker legacy was maintained by the American company Raytheon, which produced business jets (including some derived from the 125, whose original design dated back to de Havilland days) under the "Hawker" name. This was the result of purchasing British Aerospace's product line in 1993. The name was also used by Hawker Beechcraft after Raytheon's business jet interests (Hawker and Beechcraft) were acquired by investors and merged.

Products

The first Hawker design was the unbuilt Hawker Humpback of December 1920.[2] This was soon followed by the Hawker Duiker, the first prototype, which flew in July 1923.[3] In the interwar years, Hawker produced a successful line of bombers and fighters for the Royal Air Force, the product of Sydney Camm (later Sir Sydney) and his team. These included the Hawker Hind and the Hawker Hart, which became the most produced UK aeroplane in the years before the Second World War.[4]

During the Second World War, the Hawker Siddeley company was one of the United Kingdom's most important aviation concerns, producing numerous designs including the famous Hawker Hurricane fighter plane that, along with the Supermarine Spitfire, was instrumental in winning the Battle of Britain. During the battle, Hawker Hurricanes in service outnumbered all other British fighters combined, and were responsible for shooting down 55 percent of all enemy aircraft destroyed.^{[citation needed]}

List

• Hawker Duiker 1923 prototype – first original design by Hawker, 1 aircraft built, J6918[5][6]
• Hawker Woodcock 1923
• Hawker Cygnet 1924
• Hawker Hedgehog 1924 prototype
• Hawker Horsley 1925
• Hawker Heron 1925
• Hawker Hornbill 1925
• Hawker Danecock 1925
• Hawker Harrier 1927 prototype
• Hawker Hawfinch 1927
• Hawker Hart 1928
  • Operators of Hawker Hart and variants
• Hawker F.20/27 1928 prototype
• Hawker Hoopoe 1928
• Hawker Tomtit 1928
• Hawker Hornet 1929
• Hawker Osprey 1929
• Hawker Nimrod 1930
• Hawker Fury 1931
  • Hawker Fury variants
• Hawker Audax 1931
• Hawker Dantorp 1932
• Hawker Demon 1933
• Hawker P.V.3 1934 prototype
• Hawker Hart 1934
• Hawker Hind 1934
  • Hawker Hind variants
• Hawker P.V.4 1934 prototype
• Hawker Hartbeest 1935
• Hawker Hurricane 1935
  • Hawker Sea Hurricane
  • Hawker Hurricane variants
  • List of Hawker Hurricane operators
  • List of surviving Hawker Hurricanes
• Hawker Hector 1936
• Hawker Henley 1937
• Hawker Hotspur 1938
• Hawker Tornado 1939
• Hawker Typhoon 1940
  • List of Hawker Typhoon operators
• Hawker Tempest 1942
  • List of Hawker Tempest operators
• Hawker F.2/43 Fury 1943 prototype
• Hawker Sea Fury 1944
  • List of Hawker Sea Fury operators
• Hawker P.1040 1947 prototype
• Hawker Sea Hawk 1947
  • List of Hawker Sea Hawk operators
• Hawker P.1052 1948 prototype
• Hawker P.1072 1950 prototype
• Hawker P.1078 prototype
• Hawker P.1081 1950 prototype
• Hawker Hunter 1951
  • Hawker Hunter variants
  • List of Hawker Hunter operators
  • Hawker Hunter in service with Swiss Air Force
• Hawker P.1127 1960 prototype

Projects

Source: Hannah (1982)[7]

• Hawker P.1000
• Hawker P.1004
• Hawker P.1005
• Hawker P.1007
• Hawker P.1008
• Hawker P.1014
• Hawker P.1017
• Hawker P.1021
• Hawker P.1025
• Hawker P.1027
• Hawker P.1028
• Hawker P.1029
• Hawker P.1030
• Hawker P.1031
• Hawker P.1037
• Hawker P.1041
• Hawker P.1044
• Hawker P.1048
• Hawker P.1049
• Hawker P.1050
• Hawker P.1051
• Hawker P.1053
• Hawker P.1054
• Hawker P.1055
• Hawker P.1056
• Hawker P.1057
• Hawker P.1058
• Hawker P.1063
• Hawker P.1064
• Hawker P.1065
• Hawker P.1069
• Hawker P.1070
• Hawker P.1071
• Hawker P.1073
• Hawker P.1077
• Hawker P.1079
• Hawker P.1082
• Hawker P.1084
• Hawker P.1085
• Hawker P.1088
• Hawker P.1089
• Hawker P.1092
• Hawker P.1093
• Hawker P.1096
• Hawker P.1098
• Hawker P.1103 1950s interceptor project
• Hawker P.1104
• Hawker P.1106
• Hawker P.1107
• Hawker P.1108
• Hawker P.1121 late 1950s fighter project
• Hawker P.1124
• Hawker P.1125
• Hawker P.1126
• Hawker P.1128
• Hawker P.1129
• Hawker P.1131
• Hawker P.1132
• Hawker P.1134
• Hawker P.1136
• Hawker P.1137
• Hawker P.1139
• Hawker P.1141
• Hawker P.1143
• Hawker P.1149
• Hawker P.1152
• Hawker P.1214

Key people

• Harry Hawker
• Thomas Sopwith

Aircraft designers and engineers

• Sydney Camm
• Roy Chaplin
• Robert Lickley
• Richard Walker

Chief Test Pilots

• George Bulman
• Bill Humble
• Wimpy Wade
• Neville Duke
• Alfred William (Bill) Bedford

See also

• Aerospace industry in the United Kingdom

References

Citations

Bibliography

• Buttler, Tony (2017). British Secret Projects : Jet Fighters since 1950 (Hardback) (2nd ed.). Manchester: Crecy Publishing. ISBN 978-1-910-80905-1.
• Hannah, Donald (1982). Hawker FlyPast Reference Library. Stamford, Lincolnshire, UK: Key Publishing Ltd. ISBN 0-946219-01-X..
• James, Derek N. (1973) [First published in the UK by Ian Allan in 1972]. Hawker, an Aircraft Album No. 5. New York: Arco Publishing Company. ISBN 0-668-02699-5.
• Mason, Francis K. (1991). Hawker Aircraft since 1920 (3rd revised ed.). London: Putnam & Company. ISBN 0-85177-839-9..

External links

• Hawker – British Aircraft Directory

На других языках

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[de] Hawker Aircraft

Hawker Aircraft Limited war ein britischer Flugzeughersteller. Besondere Berühmtheit erlangten ihre Kampfflugzeuge wie die Hawker Hurricane und die Hawker Typhoon aus der Zeit des Zweiten Weltkrieges.

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- [en] Hawker Aircraft

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[fr] Hawker Aircraft

Hawker Aircraft Limited était un constructeur aéronautique britannique responsable de certains des plus célèbres modèles de l'histoire de l'aviation britannique.

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[ru] Hawker Aircraft

«Хо́кер»[1] (англ. Hawker Aircraft) — британская авиастроительная компания, существовавшая с 1920 по 1963 год. Одной из наиболее известных разработок «Хокер Эйкрафт» является истребитель «Харрикейн».

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