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The MB.200 was a French bomber aircraft of the 1930s designed and built by Societé des Avions Marcel Bloch. A twin-engined high-winged monoplane with a fixed undercarriage, over 200 MB.200s were built for the French Air Force, and the type was also licence built by Czechoslovakia, but it soon became obsolete, and was largely phased out by the start of the Second World War.
| MB.200 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Role | Bomber |
| Manufacturer | Societé des Avions Marcel Bloch |
| First flight | 26 June 1933 |
| Introduction | 1935 |
| Primary users | French Air Force Czechoslovak Air Force Bulgarian Air Force Luftwaffe |
| Produced | 1933–1939 |
| Number built | 332 |
| Developed into | MB.210 |
Development and design
The Bloch MB.200 was designed in response to a 1932 requirement for a new day/night bomber to equip the French Air Force. It was a high-winged all-metal cantilever monoplane, with a slab-sided fuselage, powered by two Gnome & Rhône 14Kirs radial engines. It had a fixed tailwheel undercarriage and featured an enclosed cockpit for the pilots. Defensive machine guns were in nose and dorsal gun turrets and an under fuselage gondola.[1]
The first of three prototypes flew on 26 June 1933.[1][2] As one of the winning designs for the competition, (the other was the larger Farman F.221),[1] an initial order for 30 MB.200s was placed on 1 January 1934,[2] entering service late in that year. Further orders followed, and the MB.200 equipped 12 French squadrons by the end of 1935.[1] Production in France totalled over 208 aircraft (4 by Bloch, 19 by Breguet, 19 by Loire, 45 by Hanriot, 10 by SNCASO and 111 by Potez).[3]
Operational history
Czechoslovakia chose the MB.200 as part of a modernisation program for its air force of the mid-1930s. Although at the rate of aircraft development at that time, the MB.200 would quickly become obsolete, the Czechoslovakians needed a quick solution involving the license production of a proven design, as their own aircraft industry did not have sufficient development experience with such a large aircraft, or with all-metal airframes and stressed-skin construction, placing an initial order for 74 aircraft. After some delays, both Aero and Avia began license-production in 1937, with a total of about 124 built.[1] Czechoslovakian MB.200s were basically similar to their French counterparts, with differences in defensive armament and other equipment.
The Spanish Republic acquired 2 units thirty days after the beginning of the Spanish Civil War. These units were sent to Barcelona. Later, 30 units more were sent by ship and assembled in Air France's workshop at Prat de Llobregat. A third of the whole airfleet were shot down during the first months of the conflict and the rest were limited to the defense of the republican east coast during the rest of the war serving under the Escuadra 7 and the Grupo 72 combined with other French bombers. None of the 32 planes survived the conflict.
The gradual German conquest of Czechoslovakia meant that MB.200s eventually passed under their control, including aircraft that were still coming off the production line. As well as serving in the German Luftwaffe, some bombers were distributed to Bulgaria.
Vichy France deployed a squadron of MB.200s against the Allied invasion of Lebanon and Syria in 1941, carrying out at least one daylight bombing mission against British shipping.[4][5]
Variants
- MB.200.01
- single prototype –
- MB.200B.4
- main production version – 2x Gnome-Rhône 14Kirs
- MB.201
- two Hispano-Suiza 12Ybrs engines[6]
- MB.202
- four Gnome-Rhône 7Kdrs engines[6]
- MB.203
- two Clerget 14F diesel engines[6]
Operators
Bulgaria- Bulgarian Air Force – Purchased 12 ex-Czech MB.200s from Germany in 1939, using them as trainers.[7]
Czechoslovakia- Czechoslovak Air Force
France- Armée de l'Air (from 1935)
Germany- Luftwaffe (captured)
Slovakia- Slovak Air Force (1 piece)
Spain- Spanish Republican Air Force received 30 units from France, at least one aircraft survived 1938 but none of them survived the war.[8]
Specifications (MB.200B.4)
General characteristics
- Crew: 4
- Length: 16 m (52 ft 6 in)
- Wingspan: 22.45 m (73 ft 8 in)
- Height: 3.9 m (12 ft 10 in)
- Wing area: 62.5 m2 (673 sq ft)
- Empty weight: 4,300 kg (9,480 lb)
- Max takeoff weight: 7,480 kg (16,491 lb)
- Powerplant: 2 × Gnome-Rhône 14Kirs 14-cyl. 2-row air-cooled radial piston engines, 649 kW (870 hp) each
Performance
- Maximum speed: 285 km/h (177 mph, 154 kn)
- Range: 1,000 km (620 mi, 540 nmi)
- Service ceiling: 8,000 m (26,000 ft)
- Rate of climb: 4.33 m/s (852 ft/min)
Armament
- Guns: 3 × 7.5 mm (0.295 in) MAC 1934 machine guns (one for each defensive post).
- Bombs: 1,200 kg (2,646 lb) of bombs
See also
Related development
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
Related lists
- List of interwar military aircraft
- List of aircraft of World War II
- List of aircraft of the French Air Force during World War II
- List of aircraft of the Spanish Republican Air Force
- List of bomber aircraft
Notes
- Taylor 1981, p.23.
- "Military Bloch aircraft : MB 200" Archived 2008-11-19 at the Wayback Machine. Dassault Aviation. Retrieved 23 August 2008.
- Angelucci 1981, p.155.
- Shores and Ehrengardt Air Pictorial July 1970, p. 245.
- Shores and Ehrengardt Air Pictorial August 1970, p.284.
- "MB 200". Archived from the original on 2012-02-20. Retrieved 2011-01-05.
- Green and Swanborough 1989, pp65-66.
- BLOCH 200/210 Archived March 19, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
Bibliography
- Angelucci, Enzo. World Encyclopedia of Military Aircraft. London, Jane's Publishing, 1981. ISBN 0-7106-0148-4.
- Comas, Matthieu (September 2000). "Les bombardiers polonais de Lyon-Bron" [The Polish Bombers of Lyon-Bron]. Avions: Toute l'Aéronautique et son histoire (in French) (90): 30–32. ISSN 1243-8650.
- Fernandez, José (November 1993). "Le Bloch MB 200 (4ème partie)". Avions: Toute l'aéronautique et son histoire (in French) (9): 8–19. ISSN 1243-8650.
- Fernandez, José (December 1993). "Le Bloch MB 200 (5ème partie)". Avions: Toute l'aéronautique et son histoire (in French) (10): 34–37. ISSN 1243-8650.
- Green, William and Gordon Swanborough. "Balkan Interlude - The Bulgarian Air Force in WWII". Air Enthusiast. Issue 39, May–August 1989. Bromley, Kent: Tri-Service Press, pp. 58–74. ISSN 0143-5450.
- Shores, Christopher S. and Cristian-Jacques Ehrengardt. "Syrian Campaign, 1941: Part 1; Forestalling the Germans; air battles over S. Lebanon". Air Pictorial, July 1970. pp. 242–247.
- Shores, Christopher S. and Cristian-Jacques Ehrengardt. "Syrian Campaign, 1941: Part 2; Breaking the back of Vichy air strength; conclusion". Air Pictorial, August 1970. pp. 280–284.
- Taylor, Michael J.H. Warplanes of the World 1918–1939. London:Ian Allen, 1981. ISBN 0-7110-1078-1.
- Abellán García-Muñoz, Juan "Galería de aviones de la Guerra civil española (1936–1939)". Instituto de Historia y Cultura aeronáuticas, Ministerio de Defensa 1996 pp. 80–81 ISBN 84-7823-485-3.
External links
- "Military Bloch aircraft : MB 200". Dassault Aviation. Retrieved 23 August 2008.
На других языках
[de] Bloch MB.200
Die Bloch MB.200 war ein mittelschweres viersitziges Bombenflugzeug aus französischer Produktion.- [en] Bloch MB.200
[fr] Bloch MB.200
Le Bloch MB.200 est un avion militaire français de l'entre-deux-guerres. Bombardier moyen bimoteur de nuit, cet appareil robuste mais notoirement trop lent fut qualifié de « cercueil volant » et engagé de jour dans les combats de mai 1940 au prix de lourdes pertes. Il donna lieu à une version à aile basse, le Bloch MB.210. 332 exemplaires furent construits en France et en Tchécoslovaquie.[it] Bloch MB 200
Il Bloch MB 200[N 1], era un bombardiere medio bimotore ad ala alta sviluppato dall'azienda francese Société des avions Marcel Bloch nella prima metà degli anni trenta e prodotto, oltre che dalla stessa, su licenza anche dalle cecoslovacche Aero ed Avia come Aero MB-200.[ru] Bloch MB.200
Блок MB.200 (фр. Bloch MB.200) — французский цельнометаллический средний бомбардировщик Второй мировой войны с неубирающимся шасси. Самолёт разработан в конструкторском бюро фирмы «Société des Avions Marcel Bloch» под руководством М. Блока. Серийно производился на заводах фирм «Марсель Блок» в Курбевуайе, построено 4 самолёта, «Анри Потэз» в Мельте — 111 самолётов, «Сосьете Анрио» в Бурже — 45 самолётов, «Авьёнз Луи Бреге» в Велизи — 19 самолётов, «Шантье де ла Луар» — 19 и SNCASO — 10 самолётов в Сен-Назере. Всего до окончания серийного производства в июле 1936 года во Франции было построено 208 экземпляров бомбардировщика. По лицензии фирмами «Аэро» и «Авиа» в Праге было построено ещё 64 самолёта. В Чехословакии серийное производство завершилось в апреле 1939 года.Другой контент может иметь иную лицензию. Перед использованием материалов сайта WikiSort.org внимательно изучите правила лицензирования конкретных элементов наполнения сайта.
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