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The Boeing 80 was an American airliner of the 1920s. A three-engined biplane, the Model 80 was built by the Boeing Airplane Company for Boeing's own airline, Boeing Air Transport, successfully carrying both airmail and passengers on scheduled services.

Model 80
Role	Airliner Type of aircraft
Manufacturer	Boeing
First flight	July 27, 1928
Introduction	September 20, 1928 with Boeing Air Transport
Retired	1934
Primary user	Boeing Air Transport
Number built	16

Development and design

Boeing Air Transport was formed on February 17, 1927 by William Boeing to operate the Contract Air Mail (CAM) service between San Francisco and Chicago (CAM.18), taking over the route on July 1, 1927.[1] The route was initially operated by single-engined Boeing 40A biplanes, which could carry four passengers, which provided a useful supplement to the subsidized revenue from carrying airmail.

In order to take better advantage of passenger traffic, Boeing decided that it needed a larger aircraft that was more suitable for passenger carrying, and in early 1928 designed a trimotor aircraft capable of carrying 12 passengers, the Model 80.[2] Unlike the Fokker F-10 and Ford Trimotors operated by other U.S. airlines, the Model 80 was a biplane, chosen to give good takeoff and landing performance when operating from difficult airfields on its routes, many of which were at relatively high altitude. The fuselage was of fabric covered steel and aluminium tube construction, and carried its 12 passengers in three-abreast seating in a well-appointed cabin.[3][4] The flight crew of two sat in an enclosed flight deck forward of the passenger cabin. The wings were of fabric covered steel and duralumin construction, with detachable wingtips to aid storage in hangars.[3][5]

The first Model 80, powered by three Pratt & Whitney Wasp radial engines, flew on July 27, 1928.[3][4] It was followed by three more Model 80s before production switched to the improved Model 80A, which was longer, allowing 18 passengers to be carried, and was powered by more powerful Pratt & Whitney Hornet engines, first flying on July 18, 1929[6] and receiving its airworthiness certificate on August 20, 1929.[7][8]

Operational history

The Model 80 carried out its first scheduled mail and passenger service for Boeing Air Transport on September 20, 1928,[4] and soon proved successful.[3] The improved Model 80A entered service in September 1929.[9]

In May 1930, Boeing Air Transport introduced female flight attendants, hiring eight including chief stewardess Ellen Church; all were unmarried registered nurses. Flights carrying stewardesses began on May 15.[10] The Model 80 and 80A remained in service with Boeing Air Transport (later renamed United Airlines) until replaced by the Boeing 247 twin-engined monoplane in 1934.[9]

Variants

• Model 80 - original production version with Pratt & Whitney Wasp engines (four built)
• Model 80A - improved aerodynamics and Pratt & Whitney Hornet engines (10 built)
  • Model 80A-1 - version with revised empennage with an added finlet on each tailplane; all 10 Model 80As converted to this standard
• Model 80B-1 - single Model 80A built with open flight deck. Later modified to Model 80A-1 standard
• Model 226 - one-off Model 80A converted to executive transport for Standard Oil. Modified tail surfaces later adopted on all Model 80As (see Model 80A-1)

Operators

 United States

• Boeing Air Transport[11]
• Monterey Peninsula Airways[11]
• Morrison-Knudsen Company[11]
• Robert Campbell Reeve[11]
• Standard Oil, California[12]
• United Airlines[11]

Surviving aircraft

A single Model 80A-1, modified as a freighter for use in Alaska, was salvaged from a dump at Anchorage Airport in 1960, and following restoration is now on display at the Museum of Flight in Seattle.[9][13]

Specifications (Model 80A)

Data from Boeing Aircraft since 1916[14]

General characteristics

• Crew: Three
• Capacity: 18 passengers and 898 lb (408 kg) cargo
• Length: 56 ft 6 in (17.22 m)
• Wingspan: 80 ft 0 in (24.39 m)
• Height: 15 ft 3 in (4.65 m)
• Wing area: 1,220 sq ft (113.4 m²)
• Airfoil: Boeing N-22 [4]
• Empty weight: 10,582 lb (4,810 kg)
• Max takeoff weight: 17,500 lb (7,940 kg)
• Powerplant: 3 × Pratt & Whitney R-1690 Hornet air-cooled radials, 525 hp (392 kW) each

Performance

• Maximum speed: 138 mph (222 km/h, 120 kn)
• Cruise speed: 125 mph (201 km/h, 109 kn)
• Stall speed: 55 mph (89 km/h, 48 kn)
• Range: 460 mi (741 km, 400 nmi)
• Service ceiling: 14,000 ft (4,270 m)
• Rate of climb: 900 ft/min (4.6 m/s)

See also

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

• Fokker F.VIII
• Ford Trimotor
• Junkers Ju 52/3m

Related lists

• List of civil aircraft

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Boeing 80.

• "Night Flyers At 10,000 Feet Hurdle The Rockies", Popular Science, August 1931, article on early operation of Boeing 80
• "How Many Parts Has The Modern Airplane", Popular Mechanics, January 1932, article on the parts and man hours in the construction of a Boeing Model 80

На других языках

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[de] Boeing Model 80

Die Boeing Model 80 war ein als Doppeldecker ausgelegtes dreimotoriges Verkehrsflugzeug aus den 1920er Jahren. Es entstand als Weiterentwicklung der Model 40 und war der erste von Boeing für den Passagierverkehr entwickelte Flugzeugtyp.

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- [en] Boeing 80

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[fr] Boeing Model 80

Le Boeing 80 est un avion de transport commercial trimoteur construit par la compagnie Boeing durant les années 1920. Il y a eu 16 exemplaires construits. Il permettait de transporter du courrier et des passagers[1] sur les vols intérieurs aux États-Unis.

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[it] Boeing 80

Il Boeing 80 (talvolta indicato con la denominazione completa di Model 80) era un aereo da trasporto passeggeri progettato dall'azienda statunitense Boeing nella seconda metà degli anni venti del XX secolo.

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