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The Citation is a family of business jets by Cessna that started in 1972 with the entry into service of the first model.[1] In the fifty years following the 1969 first flight, more than 7,500 Citations were delivered, forming the largest business jet fleet.[2] Deliveries reached 8,000 by 2022, while logging over 41 million flight hours.[3]

Citation family
A Cessna 525B CJ3 behind a Citation Mustang
Role	Business jet Type of aircraft
Manufacturer	Cessna
First flight	15 September 1969
Introduction	1972
Number built	8,000
Variants	Citation I / I/SP Citation II/SII/Bravo Citation III-VI-VII Cessna Citation V/Ultra/Encore Citation Excel/XLS/XLS+ CitationJet/CJ series Citation Mustang Citation X Citation Sovereign Citation Latitude Citation Longitude Citation Hemisphere

The line started with the small Citation I prototype flying on September 15, 1969, and produced until 1985, developed into the 1978-2006 Citation II/Bravo, the 1989-2011 Citation V/Ultra/Encore and the CitationJet since 1993. The standup Citation III/VI/VII was delivered from 1983 to 2000; its fuselage was reused in the Citation X/X+ delivered from 1996 to 2018, the Sovereign from 2004 to 2021 and the Excel since 1998. The Mustang was a Very Light Jet delivered from 2006 to 2017 while the flat floor fuselage Latitude has been delivered since 2015 and the larger Longitude from 2019.

The aircraft are named after Citation, a champion American Thoroughbred racehorse who won the American Triple Crown.[4]

Lineage

Citation deliveries timeline
1970s										1980s										1990s										2000s										2010s
0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
																																				510 Mustang
	500 Citation I / 501 Citation I/SP																						525 CitationJet/CJ1													CJ1+							M2
																														525A CJ2						CJ2+
																																		525B CJ3										CJ3+
																																								525C CJ4
								550 Citation II																			Bravo
																			560 Citation V					Ultra						Encore							Encore+
																												560XL Excel						XLS					XLS+
													650 Citation III									VI/VII												680 Sovereign									Sovereign+
																																													680A Latitude
																																																700 Longitude
																										750 Citation X																		X+					Hemisphere
Fuselage cross-section:     = Citation I																				= Citation III										= Latitude

Models

Citation I

Announced in October 1968, the Fanjet 500 prototype first flew on September 15, 1969 and it was certified as the 500 Citation on September 9, 1971. It was upgraded in 1976 as the Citation I, and the 501 Citation I/SP single-pilot variant was introduced in 1977. Production ended in 1985 with 689 of all variants produced. The straight wing jet is powered by JT15D turbofans.

Citation II/Bravo

Stretched from the Citation I, the Model 550 was announced in September 1976, first flew on January 31, 1977, and was certified in March 1978. The II/SP is a single pilot version, the improved S/II first flew on February 14, 1984 and the Citation Bravo, a stretched S/II with new avionics and more powerful P&WC PW530A turbofans, on April 25, 1995. The United States Navy adopted a version of the S/II as the T-47A. Production ceased in 2006 after 1,184 of all variants were delivered.

Citation III/IV/VI/VII

Announced at the October 1976 NBAA convention, the Model 650 made its maiden flight on May 30, 1979, received its type certification on April 30, 1982 and was delivered between 1983 and 1992. The cheaper Citation VI was produced from 1991 to 1995 and the more powerful Citation VII was offered between 1992 and 2000; 360 of all variants were delivered, while a proposed transcontinental variant, the Citation IV, was canceled before reaching the prototype stage. An all new design, the Citation III had a 312 sq ft (29 m²) swept wing for a 22,000 lb (10 t) MTOW and a 2,350 nmi (4,350 km) range, a T-tail and two 3,650–4,080 lbf (16.2–18.1 kN) TFE731 turbofans. Its fuselage cross section and cockpit were kept in the later Citation X, Citation Excel and Citation Sovereign.

Citation V/Ultra/Encore

A stretched version of the Citation S/II, a Model 560 prototype flew in August 1987, it was certified on December 9, 1988, and delivered from April 1989; 774 were delivered until 2011. The upgraded Citation Ultra was announced in September 1993, the Citation Encore upgraded with PW535 turbofans was announced in 1998, before the improved Encore+. Its US military designation is UC-35 as an executive transport and OT-47B as a drug interdiction reconnaissance aircraft.

CitationJet

Launched in October 1989, the Model 525 first flight was on April 29, 1991, Federal Aviation Administration certification was awarded on October 16, 1992, and first delivery happened on March 30, 1993. Powered by two Williams FJ44s, it uses the Citation II's forward fuselage with a new carry-through section, wing, and T-tail. The basic CitationJet model was updated into the CJ1/CJ1+/M2 variants; additionally, CJ1 was stretched into the CJ2/CJ2+ delivered from 2000 to 2016, then further into the CJ3/CJ3+ delivered from December 2004 and finally into the CJ4 delivered since 2010. By June 2017, 2,000 of all variants had been delivered.

CitationJet (trainer)

The Model 526 CitationJet was a twin-engine, two-seat tandem military trainer developed from the Model 525 as a candidate for the Joint Primary Aircraft Training System competition (JPATS). The two models share 75% of their parts, including wing, engines, landing gear, and other systems. First flown in December 1993, the 526 did not succeed at the JPATS contest, and only two examples were built in total.[5]

Citation X/X+

Announced at the October 1990 NBAA convention, the Model 750 made its maiden flight on December 21, 1993, received its type certification on June 3, 1996, and was first delivered in July 1996. The updated Citation X+ was offered from 2012 with a 14 in (360 mm) cabin stretch and upgraded systems. Keeping the Citation III fuselage cross section, it has a new 37° swept wing with an area of 527 ft² (49 m²) for a fast Mach 0.935 MMo and a 36,600 lb (16.6 t) MTOW for a 3,460 nmi (6,408 km) range, a T-tail and two 7,034 lbf (31.29 kN) AE3007 turbofans. After 338 deliveries, production ended in 2018.

Excel/XLS/XLS+

Announced in October 1994, the Model 560XL first flew on February 29, 1996, certification was granted in April 1998, and over 1,000 have been delivered. The 2,100 nmi-range (3,900 km), 20,200 lb (9,200 kg) MTOW jet is powered by two 3,650–4,080 lbf (16.2–18.1 kN) PW500 turbofans, has the cruciform tail and unswept supercritical wing of the Citation V (560), and a slightly shortened Citation X stand-up cabin. The XLS 2004 update had upgraded engines and a glass cockpit and the 2008 XLS+ had upgraded engines and a revised nose.

Sovereign

Announced at the 1998 NBAA convention, the Model 680 made its maiden flight in February 2002, certification was awarded on June 2, 2004, and deliveries began in late September. The Citation Excel fuselage was stretched and joined with an all-new, larger wing and more powerful Pratt & Whitney Canada PW306C engines for increased maximum takeoff weight and a 3,200 nmi (5,900 km) range. The improved Sovereign+ was announced at the October 2012 NBAA for a first flight in April 2013 and deliveries in December, with added winglets and an improved flight deck and engines.

Mustang

Launched at the 2002 NBAA convention, the Model 510 first flew on April 23, 2005. It received its FAA type certification on September 8, 2006, and was first delivered on November 22. Production ended in 2017 after 479 aircraft were built. The 8,645 lb (3,921 kg) MTOW jet is powered by two P&WC PW615F 1,460 lbf (6.5 kN) turbofans, can reach 340 kn (630 km/h) and has a range of 1,167 nmi (2,161 km).

Columbus

The Model 850 was launched in February 2008 and cancelled in July 2009. It would have been the largest model of the family at the time. Powered by 8,830 lbf (39.3 kN) PW810 turbofans and a 4,000 nmi (7,400 km) range, the $27 million aircraft had a 709 sq ft (66 m²), 30° swept wing.

Latitude

The Model 680A was announced at the 2011 NBAA convention, the prototype first flew on 18 February 2014, it achieved FAA certification on June 5, 2015, and first deliveries began on August 27. It keeps the Model 680 Sovereign wing, twin P&WC PW306D turbofans and cruciform tail and adds a new stand-up circular fuselage with a flat floor, which was kept in the stretched, re-winged, and re-engined Cessna Citation Longitude.

Longitude

Announced at the May 2012 EBACE, the Model 700 made its first flight on October 8, 2016, with certification obtained in September 2019. The aluminum airframe has the fuselage cross-section of the Citation Latitude, stretched by a seat row. Powered by Honeywell HTF7000 turbofans, it has a new ~28° swept wing and a T-tail for a 3,500 nmi (6,500 km) range.

Hemisphere

Announced in November 2015, it was then expected to fly in 2019 but its development was suspended in April 2018 due to a delay in the development of its Safran Silvercrest engines. It was designed for Mach 0.9 and would have a 4,500 nautical miles (8,300 km) range.

Current Models

Model	Length	Span	Area	Sweep	Inside	Pax.	MTOW	Cruise	Range	Engines	Thrust
525 Citation M2[6]	42 ft 7 in 12.98 m	47 ft 3 in 14.40 m	240 sq ft 22 m2	0 °	58 in 1.5 m	7	10,800 lb 4,900 kg	404 kn 748 km/h	1,540 nmi 2,850 km	2 FJ44-1AP-21	3,930 lbf 17.5 kN
525 Citation CJ3+[7]	51 ft 2 in 15.60 m	53 ft 4 in 16.26 m	294 sq ft 27.3 m2	0 °	58 in 1.5 m	9	13,870 lb 6,290 kg	416 kn 770 km/h	2,040 nmi 3,780 km	2 FJ44-3A	5,640 lbf 25.1 kN
525 Citation CJ4[8]	53 ft 4 in 16.26 m	50 ft 10 in 15.49 m	330 sq ft 31 m2	12.5 °	58 in 1.5 m	10	17,110 lb 7,760 kg	451 kn 835 km/h	2,170 nmi 4,020 km	2 FJ44-4A	7,242 lbf 32.21 kN
560XL Citation XLS+[9]	52 ft 6 in 16.00 m	56 ft 4 in 17.17 m	370 sq ft 34 m2	0 °	68 in 1.7 m	9	20,200 lb 9,200 kg	441 kn 817 km/h	2,100 nmi 3,900 km	2 PW545C	8,238 lbf 36.64 kN
680A Citation Latitude[10]	62 ft 3 in 18.97 m	72 ft 4 in 22.05 m	543 sq ft 50.4 m2	16.3 °	77 in 2.0 m	9	30,800 lb 14,000 kg	446 kn 826 km/h	2,850 nmi 5,280 km	2 PW306D1	11,814 lbf 52.55 kN
700 Citation Longitude[11]	73 ft 2 in 22.30 m	68 ft 11 in 21.01 m	537 sq ft 49.91 m²	28.6 °	77 in 1.96 m	12	39,500 lb 17,917 kg	476 ktas 882 km/h	3,500 nmi 6,482 km	2 HTF7700L	15,200 lbf 68 kN

See also

Related development

• Cessna Citation I / I/SP
• Cessna Citation II/SII/Bravo
• Cessna Citation III/VI/VII
• Cessna Citation V/Ultra/Encore
• Cessna Citation X
• Cessna Citation Excel/XLS/XLS+
• Cessna CitationJet/CJ series
• Cessna Citation Sovereign
• Cessna Citation Mustang
• Cessna Citation Columbus
• Cessna Citation Longitude

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

• Bombardier Aviation Business jets
• Dassault Falcon
• Embraer Business Jets
• Gulfstream Aerospace

References

Notes

External links

• Cessna Citation home page
• Mike Hamlin (February 2010). "40 years of the Cessna Citation" (PDF). International Council of Aircraft Owner and Pilot Associations.

На других языках

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[de] Cessna Citation

Bei der Citation handelt es sich um eine Flugzeugfamilie des US-amerikanischen Herstellers Textron Aviation (früher Cessna). Sämtliche Flugzeuge sind zweistrahlig und fallen in die Sparte der Geschäftsreiseflugzeuge. Sie sind zwischen 12 und 23 Meter lang und bilden neben der Learjet-Reihe die erfolgreichste Flugzeugfamilie ihrer Klasse. Ursprünglich wurde der Entwurf 1968 unter dem Namen FanJet 500 als Attrappe vorgestellt.[1] Beim Erstflug 1969 trug die gegenüber dem Ausgangsentwurf verlängerte Maschine bereits den von einem Rennpferd abgeleiteten Namen Citation.[2]

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- [en] Cessna Citation family

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[fr] Cessna Citation

Cessna Citation est un nom commercial utilisé par le constructeur aéronautique américain Cessna pour sa ligne de jets d'affaires depuis 1969. Plutôt qu'un modèle particulier d'avion, le nom s'applique à plusieurs « familles » d'avions à réaction produits au fil des années. Les versions militaires comprennent les séries T-47 et UC-35. Cette ligne doit son nom à un cheval, Citation, l'un des plus célèbres champions de l'histoire des courses américaines.

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[it] Cessna Citation

Il Cessna Citation è un nome di marketing usato dall'azienda statunitense Cessna Aircraft Company per la sua linea di Business jet. Piuttosto che a un particolare modello di aereo, il nome si applica a parecchie famiglie di aerei spinti da turbofan che sono stati prodotti durante vari anni. All'interno di ognuna delle sei famiglie distinte, i vari miglioramenti progettuali sugli aerei, le pressioni di mercato e spinte di brand hanno dato luogo ad un certo numero di varianti, così che la linea Citation sia diventata piuttosto complessa. Le versioni militari includono le serie di aerei T-47 e UC-35.

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