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The Maurice Farman MF.11 Shorthorn is a French aircraft developed before World War I by the Farman Aviation Works. It was used as a reconnaissance and light bomber during the early part of World War I, later being relegated to training duties.
| Farman MF.11 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Role | Reconnaissance / Bomber |
| Manufacturer | Farman Aviation Works |
| Designer | Maurice Farman |
| First flight | 1913 |
| Introduction | May 1914 |
| Primary users | French Air Force Royal Flying Corps |
The Maurice Farman Shorthorn was the aircraft in which Biggles, Capt W.E. Johns' fictional character, first took to the air in "Biggles Learns To Fly".
Design and development
A pusher configuration unequal-span biplane like the earlier Farman MF.7, the MF.11 differed in lacking the forward-mounted elevator, the replacement of the biplane horizontal tail surfaces with a single surface with a pair of rudders mounted above it, and the mounting of the nacelle containing crew and engine in the gap between the two wings. The aircraft was also fitted with a machine gun for the observer, whose position was changed from the rear seat to the front in order to give a clear field of fire.
Its nickname in British service was derived from that of the MF.7 Longhorn, as it lacked the characteristic front-mounted elevator and elongated skids of its predecessor.
Operational history
On 6 September 1914 the first air-sea battle took place when a Japanese Farman MF.11 aircraft launched by the seaplane carrier Wakamiya unsuccessfully attacked SMS Kaiserin Elisabeth with bombs.[1]
The MF.11 served in both the British and French air services on the Western Front in the early stages of the war. It flew the first bombing raid of the war when on 21 December 1914 an MF.11 of the Royal Naval Air Service attacked German artillery positions around Ostend, Belgium.
The MF.11 was withdrawn from front-line service on the Western Front in 1915, but continued to be used by the French in Macedonia and the Middle East, while the British also used it in the Dardanelles, and Africa. The Australian Flying Corps (AFC), provided with the MF.11 by the British Indian Army, operated it during the Mesopotamian campaign of 1915–16.
Italy's Società Italiana Aviazione, a Fiat company, licence-built a number of MF.11s under the designation SIA 5 from early 1915, fitted with a fixed forward machine gun and a 74.5 kW (100 hp) Fiat A.10 engine.[2]
In 1916, the AFC also bought some MF.11s for training purposes.
Operators
Australia
- Australian Flying Corps
- No. 5 (Training) Squadron AFC in United Kingdom
- Mesopotamian Half Flight
- Central Flying School AFC at Point Cook, Victoria
Belgium
- Belgian Air Force
France
- French Air Force
Italy
- Corpo Aeronautico Militare
Greece
- Hellenic Air Force
Kingdom of Hejaz
- Hejaz Air Force - Two Farman MF.11s were obtained from Italy in 1921.
Japan
- Imperial Japanese Army Air Service
Norway
- Royal Norwegian Air Force
Portugal
- Portuguese Air Force
Romania
- Romanian Air Corps
Russia
- Imperial Russian Air Force
Saudi Arabia
- Royal Saudi Air Force
Serbia
- Serbian Air Force
Spain
- Spanish Air Force
Switzerland
Ukraine
- Ukrainian Air Force - One aircraft only.
United Kingdom
- Royal Flying Corps
- Royal Naval Air Service
Survivors
- The Canada Aviation Museum has an MF.11 manufactured by Airco for the Royal Flying Corps and sent to Australia in 1916.
- Farman F.11A-2, Royal Army and Military History Museum, Brussels, Belgium.
- Farman MF.11 Shorthorn (#CFS-15), RAAF Museum at Point Cook, Victoria, Australia.
Specifications (Farman MF.11)
Data from Encyclopedia of Military Aircraft[3]
General characteristics
- Crew: 2 (pilot & observer/gunner)
- Length: 9.45 m (31 ft 0 in)
- Wingspan: 16.15 m (53 ft 0 in)
- Height: 3.18 m (10 ft 5 in)
- Wing area: 57 m2 (610 sq ft)
- Empty weight: 550 kg (1,213 lb)
- Gross weight: 928 kg (2,046 lb)
- Powerplant: 1 × Renault 8D V-8 air-cooled piston engine, 75 kW (101 hp)
- Propellers: 4-bladed fixed-pitch pusher propeller
Performance
- Maximum speed: 106 km/h (66 mph, 57 kn)
- Endurance: 3 hours 45 minutes
- Service ceiling: 3,800 m (12,500 ft)
Armament
- Guns: 1 × 7.62 mm (0.30 in) machine gun
- Bombs: 18 × 7.3 kg (16 lb) bombs
See also
Related development
Related lists
- List of military aircraft of France
- List of pusher aircraft by configuration
- List of World War I Entente aircraft
References
- Donko, Wilhelm M.: „Österreichs Kriegsmarine in Fernost: Alle Fahrten von Schiffen der k.(u.)k. Kriegsmarine nach Ostasien, Australien und Ozeanien von 1820 bis 1914“ (epubli, Berlin, 2013) - Page 4, 156-162, 427.
- Taylor, Michael J H. Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. pg 805. Portland House, 1989. ISBN 0-517-69186-8
- Jackson, Robert, The Encyclopedia of Military Aircraft, Paragon, 2002. ISBN 0-7525-8130-9
Bibliography
- Cony, Christophe (July 1997). "Aviateur d'Observation en 14/18 (deuxième partie)" [Observation Aircraft of 14/18]. Avions: Toute l'aéronautique et son histoire (in French) (52): 10–15. ISSN 1243-8650.
- Liron, Jean (1984). Les avions Farman. Collection Docavia. Vol. 21. Paris: Éditions Larivière. OCLC 37146471.
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Farman MF.11. |
На других языках
[de] Farman M.F.11
Die Farman M.F.11 Shorthorn war ein zweisitziges französisches Aufklärungsflugzeug und leichter Bomber von 1914.- [en] Farman MF.11
[fr] Farman MF.11
Farman MF.11 est un avion de reconnaissance français monomoteur conçu par Maurice Farman en 1914 mis en service au début de la Première Guerre mondiale.Il a également œuvré comme bombardier. Il est le successeur du Farman MF.7, mis en service en 1913.[it] Farman MF.11
Il Farman MF 11 "Shorthorn" (talvolta indicato come Maurice Farman MF 11 "Shorthorn") era un biplano biposto da ricognizione e bombardamento prodotto dall'azienda francese Société des avions Henri & Maurice Farman negli anni dieci del XX secolo. Venne impiegato nelle prime fasi della Prima guerra mondiale dalle aeronautiche francesi, britanniche ed italiane.[ru] Farman MF.11
Maurice Farman MF.11 — французский авиационный разведчик, лёгкий бомбардировщик и учебный самолёт, применявшийся в годы Первой мировой войны. Спроектирован конструктором и пионером авиации Морисом Фарманом в 1914 году[1][2].Другой контент может иметь иную лицензию. Перед использованием материалов сайта WikiSort.org внимательно изучите правила лицензирования конкретных элементов наполнения сайта.
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