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A pusher aircraft is a type of aircraft using propellers placed behind the engines and may be classified according to engine/propeller location and drive as well as the lifting surfaces layout (conventional or 3 surface, canard, joined wing, tailless and rotorcraft), Some aircraft have a Push-pull configuration with both tractor and pusher engines. The list includes these even if the pusher engine is just added to a conventional layout (engines inside the wings or above the wing for example).


Conventional and three surface layouts


The conventional layout of an aircraft has wings ahead of the empennage.


Direct drive



Prop ahead of tail


Between booms or frames


Coaxially on rear fuselage


Nacelle above fuselage


Below tail boom


Above tailboom, behind fuselage


Propeller behind the tail


Lateral behind wing


Lateral nacelles


Engines and props behind the pilot


Remote drive



Propeller ahead of tail


Within airframe


Behind wing


Inside tail


Behind tail


Propeller above fuselage


Canard and tandem layouts


A canard is an aircraft with a smaller wing ahead of the main wing. A tandem layout has both front and rear wings of similar dimensions.


Direct drive



Remote engine mounting



Tailless aircraft, flying wings and closed wing


Tailless aircraft lack a horizontal stabilizer, flying wings lack a distinct fuselage, with crew, engines, and payload contained within the wing structure.


Rotorcraft



Push-pull aircraft



Sides of fuselage



Above fuselage



Extremities



On nose and between booms



On wings and between booms



See also



References



Notes


  1. see Ambrosini SS.4#Development
  2. Extension shaft on aft engine. The tractor engine was scheduled to be used during take-off, climb and first part of the course. In fact it was actually also used to cope with aft engine trouble.

Citations


  1. Aircraft N455CB, ACAPELLA
  2. Air-Britain:Aero Dynamics Sparrow Hawk Mk.II
  3. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Alliet-Larivi%C3%A8re_Allar_4_3-view_L%27Aerophile_February_1938.jpg [bare URL image file]
  4. Ord-Hume, Arthur (August 1975). "(article)". Aeroplane Monthly. pp. 415–419.
  5. Photos & History: HFL Flugzeugbau Stratos 300
  6. "'Dingo' amphibian by NPP "AeroRIK"".
  7. French Voisin III bomber
  8. Propeller spins with motor around tail boom
  9. RFB Rhein Flugzeugbau
  10. Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: SKY ARROW 450T Maiden flight 13.07.1992 ore 18:28 (GMT +2), Stimigliano (RM). YouTube.
  11. http://1000aircraftphotos.com/Contributions/4043.htm Boeing Canada A-213 Totem
  12. "CAEA : Aerostructure LUTIN 80". Archived from the original on 2012-04-15. Retrieved 2011-10-19.
  13. Janowski Aircraft
  14. "Fk History". Archived from the original on 2012-04-25. Retrieved 2011-10-19.
  15. Gallager, Sheldon M.; Levy, Howard (January 1980). "7 exciting new sports planes you can build". Popular Mechanics. p. 124. Retrieved 13 June 2017.
  16. Technoflug Piccolo GOQ
  17. Air Quest Nova 21
  18. Google search
  19. CBA 123 Vector photos on Airliners.net
  20. J2mcL Planeurs - Fiche planeur n° 3047
  21. Rhein Flugzeugbau RW 3 - Sportflugzeug
  22. Megone biplane
  23. Airliners.net
  24. Aerocar mini-IMP
  25. "L'Aérophile". January 1907.
  26. Flight 1941, [page needed]
  27. FLYING MACHINES - Langley Aerodrome No. 5
  28. "Les avions de chasse russes et soviétiques 1915-1950", Herbert Léonard, Editions Heimdal 1995, page 31
  29. "The Brothers Kasianenko"
  30. "The history of Russian aviation. Kasyanenko No.5 (KPI-5) — Encyclopedia of safety".
  31. Flashback to 1981: A Look Back at the Lear Fan | Flying Magazine
  32. http://www.aerofiles.com/lock-dipper.jpg [bare URL image file]
  33. "AST MYASISHCHEV YAMAL amphibian mockup". 12 November 2015.
  34. "Aviaspetstrans Yamal amphibian".
  35. Miller-Bohannon JM-2 Pushy Galore
  36. Paulhan, Tatin Aero-Torpille
  37. "Pützer Bussard".
  38. VmaxProbe
  39. Interavia jan 1988
  40. "Deperdussin-de Feure Model 2". 18 December 2015.
  41. Alternative Engines, Volume1, Mick Myal
  42. E-Racer in Stargazer database Archived 2011-08-10 at the Wayback Machine
  43. Julian Wolkovitch AC A Industries, Inc., "The Joined Wing: An Overview" (PDF), Journal of Aircraft: 176–177[permanent dead link]
  44. Scott Winton
  45. Horten Nurflugels
  46. Ligeti Stratos History (archived)
  47. "New Triangle Plane Is Tailless", December 1931, Popular Science article and photo of Delta I at bottom of page 65
  48. Rohr 2-175
  49. "Image from nuricom.de". Archived from the original on 2012-04-25. Retrieved 2011-10-10.
  50. Bridgman, Leonard (1952). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1948. London: Sampson, Low, Marston and Co. Ltd. p. 159c-160c.
  51. url=http://www.histaviation.com/Dornier_Do_S.html accessdate=Feb 2016
  52. Giorgio Bignozzi e Roberto Gentilli, AEROPLANI S.I.A.I. 1915-1935" - Edizioni Aeronautiche Italiane S.r.l.
  53. url=http://www.aerofiles.com/_sik.html accessdate=Feb 2016
  54. Star Kraft SK-700
  55. "Moskalev SAM-13 : Other".

Bibliography




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