The McDonnell Douglas MD-94X was a planned propfan-powered airliner, intended to begin production in 1994. Announced in January 1986,[1] the aircraft was to seat between 160 and 180 passengers,[2] possibly using a twin-aisle configuration.[3] An all-new design that was investigated internally since at least 1984,[4] the MD-94X was developed in the mid-1980s to compete with the similar Boeing 7J7. The price of oil would have to be at least US$1.40 per gallon for McDonnell Douglas to build the plane, though.[5] Configuration was similar to the MD-80, but advanced technologies such as canard noseplanes,[6]laminar and turbulent boundary layer control, side-stick flight control (via fiber optics), and aluminum-lithium alloy construction were under consideration.[7] Airline interest in the brand-new propfan technology was weak despite claims of up to a 60% reduction in fuel use, and both aircraft were canceled.[citation needed]
Proposal for a propfan-powered airliner
MD-94X
A model of the proposed McDonnell Douglas MD-94X clean-sheet aircraft with two propfan engines.
Under development at the same time were two propfan-powered commercial variants of the MD-80. The "MD-91X" would have seated 100-110 and entered service in 1991. The "MD-92X," a 150-seat aircraft targeted for service entry in 1992,[2] was originally to be a 76in stretch (1.9m) of the MD-80.[3] The price per engine would have been an estimated US$1.6 million dollars more for the propfans than for the MD-80's Pratt & Whitney JT8D-200 series engines.[8] Existing DC-9s and MD-80s would also have been eligible for an upgrade to the new propfan powerplants.[9] McDonnell Douglas tested General Electric Aviation's unducted fan (UDF) engine on an MD-80 demonstrator aircraft, which made its initial flight on May 19, 1987.[10]
A propfan-powered military variant of the MD-87 or MD-91X, called the P-9D, was also proposed as an anti-submarine warfare (ASW) aircraft. The P-9D was intended for use in the United States Navy's Long Range Air ASW-Capable Aircraft (LRAACA) program, which was to initially replace the existing fleet of 125 Lockheed P-3 Orion aircraft.[11] In October 1988, the Navy selected a derivative of the P-3 Orion (which was later renamed Lockheed P-7A) as the LRAACA aircraft over the P-9D.[12]
Specifications
A desktop scaled model of the proposed McDonnell Douglas MD-91 propfan airliner.
Haggerty, James J. (1987-08-01). "Toward future flight". Spinoff(PDF) (1987ed.). NASA (published August 1987). pp.30–33. hdl:2060/19880002195. OCLC17914180. Archived from the original on April 12, 2009.
Kehe, R. N.; Morrison, Jr., H. F. (September 15–18, 1986). Cargo airlift: what's old? What's new?. International Forum for Air Cargo and International Air Cargo Exposition. SAE Technical Papers (13thed.). Basel, Switzerland (published October 1986). doi:10.4271/861152. ISSN0148-7191. JSTOR44470563. OCLC5818017739.
Green, William; Swanborough, Gordon; Mowinski, John (12 September 1988). Modern commercial aircraft. Portland House (published November 1, 1988). ISBN9780517633694.
Learmount, David (June 13, 1987). "Propfan: the price factor". Flight International. Seattle, Washington and Long Beach, California, USA. pp.76–79. ISSN0015-3710. Retrieved May 19, 2019.
"MDC studies propfan ASW"(PDF). Defence. Flight International. Vol.132, no.4076. Long Beach, California, USA. August 22, 1987. p.8. ISSN0015-3710.
Bailey, John (September 2, 1989). "After Orion". Flight International. Vol.136, no.4180. Los Angeles, California, USA. pp.31–33. ISSN0015-3710.
Henne, P. A. (July 31 – August 2, 1989). MD-90 transport aircraft design. AIAA/AHS/ASEE Aircraft Design, Systems and Operations Conference. Seattle, Washington, USA. doi:10.2514/6.1989-2023. OCLC1109563682.
Worsham, Jim (August 30 – September 1, 1988). A vision of the future—The role of the jet airliner builders. Commercial aviation to the end of the century: Expansion in an era of accelerating change. London, England, UK: Financial Times Conference Organisation. Chapter 26. hdl:2027/mdp.39015025179980. OCLC645843955.
Current, projected military aircraft programs reviewed(PDF). Military: Federal Republic of Germany. West Europe (Report). JPRS report. Vol.JPRS-WER-88-031. Translated by Foreign Broadcast Information Service (FBIS). Bonn, West Germany (published June 23, 1988). Wehrtechnik. May 1988. pp.32–39. Archived(PDF) from the original on June 1, 2022.
Learmount, David (May 2, 1987). "Boeing offers long-range 7J7"(PDF). World News. Flight International. Vol.131, no.4060. Seattle, Washington, USA. p.2. ISSN0015-3710. Retrieved May 19, 2019.
Page, M. A.; Ivey, D. M.; Welge, H. R. (October 1, 1986). Ultra high bypass engine applications to commercial and military aircraft. SAE Aerospace Technology Conference and Exposition. SAE Technical Papers. doi:10.4271/861720. ISSN0148-7191.
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