avia.wikisort.org - Aircraft_carrierThe Iwo Jima-class amphibious assault ships of the United States Navy were the first amphibious assault ships designed and built as dedicated helicopter carriers, capable of operating up to 20 helicopters to carry up to 1,800 marines ashore.[1] They were named for battles featuring the United States Marine Corps, starting with the Battle of Iwo Jima. The first ship of the class was commissioned in 1961, and the last was decommissioned in 2002. The hull classification of "LPH" stands for "Landing Platform Helicopter".
Amphibious assault ship class of the United States Navy
| This article needs additional citations for verification. (January 2009) |
USS Iwo Jima (LPH-2) |
Class overview |
Builders |
- Puget Sound Naval Shipyard
- Philadelphia Naval Shipyard
- Ingalls Shipbuilding
|
Operators | United States Navy |
Preceded by | Essex class (some ships converted) |
Succeeded by | Tarawa class |
In commission | 1961–2002 |
Completed | 7 |
Active | 0 |
Laid up | 0 |
Retired | 7 |
General characteristics |
Type | Amphibious assault ship (LPH) |
Displacement |
- 18,474 tons (full)
- 11,000 tons (light)
|
Length | 592 ft (180 m) |
Beam | 84 ft (26 m) |
Draft | 27 ft (8.2 m) |
Propulsion |
- 2 × 600 psi (4.1 MPa) boilers,
- one geared steam turbine,
- one shaft,
- 22,000 shaft horsepower (16 MW)
|
Speed | 22 knots (41 km/h) |
Troops | 2,157 |
Complement | 667 |
Armament | |
Aviation facilities |
- 25 helicopters or AV-8 Harriers
- Flight deck width: 105 ft (32 m)
|
Operational history
Ships of this class participated in several conflicts and peacekeeping and humanitarian relief operations:
- Nuclear weapons test support, Johnston Atoll 1962
- Cuban Missile Crisis 1962
- Vietnam War 1963-1973
- Dominican Civil War 1965
- Gemini and Apollo spacecraft recovery 1966-1975
- Iran hostage crisis 1980
- Multinational Force in Lebanon, 1982-1983
- Operation Urgent Fury, Grenada, 1983
- Operation Earnest Will, Persian Gulf 1987-1988
- Operation Sharp Edge, Liberia, 1990
- Gulf War 1990-1991
- Operation Eastern Exit, Somalia, 1991
- Operation Restore Hope, Somalia, 1993
- Operation Continue Hope, Somalia, 1994
- Operation Deny Flight, Bosnia, 1994
- Operation Uphold Democracy, Haiti, 1994
- Operation Vigilant Warrior, Kuwait, 1994
- Operation Assured Response, Liberia, 1996
One ship of this class, USS Guam (LPH-9), was used in a 1970-1974 Sea Control Ship experiment to test the concept of a smaller aircraft carrier using V/STOL aircraft.
Another ship, USS Inchon (LPH-12), was converted to a mine countermeasures ship which hosted mine sweeping helicopters.
The hull design of the Iwo Jima-class also became the basis of the slightly larger Blue Ridge class of amphibious command ships.[2]
Ships in class
Name |
Hull number |
Builder |
Laid down |
Launched |
Commissioned |
Fate |
Iwo Jima |
LPH-2 |
Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Bremerton |
2 April 1959 |
17 September 1960 |
26 August 1961 |
Broken up at Brownsville, 1996 |
Okinawa |
LPH-3 |
Philadelphia Naval Shipyard, Philadelphia |
1 April 1960 |
19 August 1961 |
14 April 1962 |
Sunk as target, 6 June 2002 |
Guadalcanal |
LPH-7 |
1 September 1961 |
16 March 1963 |
20 July 1963 |
Sunk as target, 19 May 2005 |
Guam |
LPH-9 |
15 November 1962 |
22 August 1964 |
16 January 1965 |
Sunk as target, 16 October 2001 |
Tripoli |
LPH-10 |
Ingalls Shipbuilding, Pascagoula |
15 June 1964 |
31 July 1965 |
6 August 1966 |
Broken up at Brownsville, 2018 |
New Orleans |
LPH-11 |
Philadelphia Naval Shipyard, Philadelphia |
1 March 1966 |
3 February 1968 |
16 November 1968 |
Sunk as target, 10 July 2010 |
Inchon |
LPH-12 |
Ingalls Shipbuilding, Pascasgoula |
8 April 1968 |
24 May 1969 |
20 June 1970 |
Sunk as target, 5 December 2004 |
Five non-Iwo Jima-class ships were converted from various, already active escort carriers, given LPH hull codes and numbered in with the class;
Popular culture
One of the Iwo Jima-class ships served as the fieldsite in Edwin Hutchins's classic cognitive science study Cognition in the Wild.[3] Although Hutchins does not mention the ship class by name, on p. 7 he characterizes it as a 603-foot-long (184 m) amphibious helicopter carrier.
References
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- List of United States Navy amphibious warfare ships
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На других языках
[de] Iwo-Jima-Klasse
Die Iwo-Jima-Klasse war eine Schiffsklasse von amphibischen Angriffsschiffen der United States Navy. Die sieben Einheiten der Klasse waren die ersten Schiffe der US-Marine, die originär als amphibische Angriffsschiffe geplant und gebaut wurden. Sie standen von 1961 bis 1998 im Dienst der Navy, die USS Inchon nach Umbau zum Minen-Unterstützungsschiff bis 2002.
- [en] Iwo Jima-class amphibious assault ship
[fr] Classe Iwo Jima
La classe Iwo Jima est une classe de navires d'assaut amphibie (Landing Platform Helicopter selon la liste des codes des immatriculations des navires de l'US Navy), les premiers conçus spécialement pour ce type de missions. Ils furent construits à 7 exemplaires. Commissionnés de 1961 à 1970, ils sont retirés du service de 1993 à 2002 et remplacés par les Landing Helicopter Assault de classe Tarawa, disposant d'un radier.
[it] Classe Iwo Jima
Derivate da un progetto di portaerei di scorta dell'ultimo conflitto mondiale, le sette navi da sbarco classe Iwo Jima sono state a lungo un componente importante della US Navy, le prime navi del tipo portaelicotteri prodotte in gran numero. Esse avevano una grande capacità di trasporto elicotteri, con uno scafo di quasi 200 metri, ma erano prive di bacino di carico per mezzi da sbarco, necessario per lo sbarco di mezzi pesanti. Questa limitazione è stata superata con la Classe Tarawa.
[ru] Десантные вертолётоносцы типа «Иводзима»
Тип «Иводзима» (англ. Iwo Jima class) — серия десантных вертолётоносцев США. Первые специализированные корабли этого класса, тип «Иводзима» были созданы на основе опыта эксплуатации переоборудованных в десантные вертолётоносцы авианосцев периода Второй мировой войны. Всего в 1959—1970 годах были построены семь кораблей этого типа. Они оставались на вооружении ВМС США в течение более чем трёх десятилетий, используясь ими в ряде конфликтов, включая Вьетнамскую войну и войну в Персидском заливе. Сняты с вооружения вертолётоносцы типа «Иводзима» были в 1992—2002 годах, будучи заменены новыми универсальными десантными кораблями типа «Уосп».
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