avia.wikisort.org - Aircraft_carrier
A light aircraft carrier, or light fleet carrier, is an aircraft carrier that is smaller than the standard carriers of a navy. The precise definition of the type varies by country; light carriers typically have a complement of aircraft only one-half to two-thirds the size of a full-sized fleet carrier. A light carrier was similar in concept to an escort carrier in most respects, however light carriers were intended for higher speeds to be deployed alongside fleet carriers, while escort carriers usually defended convoys and provided air support during amphibious operations.
History
In World War II (WWII), the United States Navy produced a number of light carriers by converting cruiser hulls. These Independence-class aircraft carriers, converted from Cleveland-class light cruisers, were unsatisfactory ships for aviation with their narrow, short decks and slender, high-sheer hulls; in virtually all respects the escort carriers were superior aviation vessels. These issues were superseded by Independence-class ships' virtue of being available at a time when available carrier decks had been reduced to Enterprise and Saratoga in the Pacific and Ranger in the Atlantic. In addition, they had enough speed to take part in fleet actions with the larger carriers while escort carriers did not. Late in the war, a follow on to the Independence class, the Saipan class, was designed. Two vessels in this class—Saipan and Wright—were completed after the war's end. After very brief lives as carriers, the Saipans were converted to command and communication ships.
By the start of WWII, the Royal Navy's HMS Hermes, the first purpose-built aircraft carrier (launched 1919, sunk 1942) was being considered as equivalent to a light aircraft carrier, due to her small size, small aircraft complement and lack of armour. The British 1942 design light fleet carrier, originally designated the Colossus class, was a scaled-down version of their Illustrious-class fleet carrier. The design could be built in a yard with little or no experience of warship construction. Although built to merchant standards, the design incorporated better watertight subdivision. Expected to have a lifetime of about three years, the last of the design was taken out of service in 2001. The first ten were built as the Colossus class, though two of these were modified whilst under construction into aircraft maintenance carriers. An additional five carriers, none of which were completed in time for service in WWII, were built with revisions upgrading the design to handle larger and heavier aircraft, receiving the designation Majestic class. In the post-war period, the Royal Navy operated a force of the ten Colossus carriers, while the five Majestic carriers were sold, during construction, to Australia, Canada and India.[1] The Majestics were followed, after the war, by the four light carriers of the Centaur class.
In the 1970s the RN introduced a new type of light carrier, designed to operate the V/STOL Hawker Siddeley Harrier. Originally classed as "through-deck cruisers," the three-ship Invincible class served into the early 21st century; HMS Invincible was key to the British victory in the Falklands War.
List of light carriers
- Argentina
- ARA Independencia (Colossus class)
- Veinticinco de Mayo (Colossus class)
- Australia
- HMAS Sydney (Majestic class)
- HMAS Vengeance (Colossus class)
- HMAS Melbourne (Majestic class)
- Canada
- HMCS Warrior (Colossus class)
- HMCS Magnificent (Majestic class)
- HMCS Bonaventure (Majestic class)
- Brazil
- Minas Gerais (Colossus class)
- France
- Lafayette class (ex-Independence class):
- Bois Belleau
- La Fayette
- Arromanches (Colossus class)
- Japan
- India
- INS Vikrant (Majestic class)
- INS Viraat (Centaur class)
- Italy
- Netherlands
- HNLMS Karel Doorman (Colossus class)
- Spain
- Dédalo (Independence class)
- Príncipe de Asturias
- Thailand
- Turkey
- TCG Anadolu
- United Kingdom
- HMS Hermes
- HMS Unicorn
- 1942 Design Light Fleet Carrier
- Colossus class
- HMS Colossus
- HMS Glory
- HMS Ocean
- HMS Venerable
- HMS Vengeance
- HMS Pioneer (maintenance carrier)
- HMS Warrior
- HMS Theseus
- HMS Triumph
- HMS Perseus (maintenance carrier)
- Majestic class (none saw service in the Royal Navy)
- Colossus class
- Centaur class
- Invincible class
- United States
See also
- Anti-submarine warfare carrier
- Escort carrier
- Helicopter carrier
- Amphibious assault ship
- List of aircraft carriers of the Second World War
- List of escort aircraft carriers of the Second World War
Notes
- Chesneau (1998), pp. 129–134
- Watts (1967), p. 49
- Brown (1977), pp. 21–22
- Watts (1967), pp. 54 & 56
- Brown (1977), pp. 26–27
- Watts (1967), p. 56
- Brown (1977), pp. 27–28
References
- Brown, David (1977). Aircraft Carriers. Arco Publishing. ISBN 0-668-04164-1.
- Chesneau, Roger (1998). Aircraft Carriers of the World, 1914 to the Present. An Illustrated Encyclopedia (Rev Ed). London: Brockhampton Press. p. 288. ISBN 1-86019-875-9.
- Watts, Anthony J. (1967). Japanese Warships of World War II. Doubleday & Company.
На других языках
[de] Leichter Flugzeugträger
Ein Leichter Flugzeugträger ist ein Flugzeugträger, der erheblich kleiner ist als ein Flottenflugzeugträger. Eine präzise Definition ist nicht vorhanden, da sie von Land zu Land unterschiedlich ist. Die Luftkampfgruppe eines leichten Flugzeugträgers hat oft nur 1/2 bis 1/3 der Größe eines echten Flottenträgers und oft sind die Fähigkeiten des Trägers selbst hinsichtlich Geschwindigkeit, Panzerung, Bewaffnung, Reichweite und Munitionskapazitäten vergleichsweise geringer. Gleichzeitig ist der Leichte Flugzeugträger aber für den Einsatz in der Rolle eines Flottenträgers ausgelegt und nicht wie z. B. der Geleitflugzeugträger auf einen begrenzten Aufgabenbereich zugeschnitten. Leichte Flugzeugträger werden oft gebaut, wenn die Umstände den Bau eines echten Flottenträgers nicht zulassen.- [en] Light aircraft carrier
[fr] Porte-avions léger
Un porte-avions léger est un navire plus petit que les porte-avions « standards » (on emploie aussi les termes de porte-avions d'escadre, en anglais : "fleet carriers",) la définition pouvant varier d'une marine à l'autre. À la différence du porte-avions d'escorte, lent et peu protégé, qui est conçu pour défendre les convois ou soutenir des opérations amphibies, le porte-avions léger constitue une version plus petite d'un porte-avions standard, souvent moins rapide et moins protégée mais néanmoins capable d'intégrer un groupe aéronaval.[ru] Лёгкий авианосец
Лёгкий авианосец (англ. Light aircraft carrier) — подкласс авианосцев, отличающихся от многоцелевых авианосцев уменьшенными размерами и ограниченными боевыми возможностями. Появились в годы Второй мировой войны как следствие стремления воюющих государств быстро ввести в строй максимальное количество авианесущих кораблей с умеренными затратами. При этом новый класс должен был оперировать в составе ударных соединений флота и соответственно иметь высокую скорость и солидную систему ПВО, что отличало лёгкие авианосцы от появившихся в то же время эскортных авианосцев[1]. Первыми лёгкими авианосцами стали корабли типа «Индепенденс», вступившие в строй в 1943 году.Другой контент может иметь иную лицензию. Перед использованием материалов сайта WikiSort.org внимательно изучите правила лицензирования конкретных элементов наполнения сайта.
WikiSort.org - проект по пересортировке и дополнению контента Википедии