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The ecoDemonstrator Program is a Boeing flight test research program, which has used a series of specially modified aircraft to develop and test aviation technologies designed to improve fuel economy and reduce the noise and ecological footprint of airliners.

ecoDemonstrator Program
Project for	Improved fuel economy and ecological footprint Reduced noise
Date initiated	2011
Predecessor programs	Quiet Technology Demonstrator

Starting in 2012, several aircraft have tested 230 technologies as of 2022:[1] many remain in further development but some are being implemented such as iPad apps for pilot real-time information to reduce fuel use and emissions; custom approach paths to reduce community noise; and cameras for ground navigation and collision avoidance.[2]

History

Quiet Technology Demonstrator program

The ecoDemonstrator program followed the joint Rolls-Royce and Boeing Quiet Technology Demonstrator (QTD) program, which ran in 2001 and 2005 to develop a quieter engine using chevrons on the rear of the nacelle and exhaust nozzles, as well as an acoustically enhanced inlet liner.[3] In 2001 an American Airlines Boeing 777-200ER with Rolls-Royce Trent 800 engines was used for the flight tests.[4] Much testing was carried out at Glasgow Industrial Airport, Montana, the airport of Boeing's subsidiary,[5] Montana Aviation Research Company (MARCO).[6] The tests were successful, demonstrating better noise reduction than predicted[7] and leading to redesign of wing leading edge de-icing holes to eliminate whistling, a modification which was immediately applied on the 777 production line.[8] Once the QTD2 program began, this program started to be referred to as QTD1.

The resulting design changes were demonstrated in the 2005 Quiet Technology Demonstrator Two (QTD2) program in which a new Boeing 777-300ER, fitted with General Electric GE90-115B engines, was used for a three-week trial, again mainly at Boeing’s flight test centre at Glasgow Industrial Airport.[9][10] As well as the modifications, the aircraft was equipped with extensive sound measurement equipment, and microphone arrays were laid out around the airfield.[11] The chevrons have since been adopted on the Boeing 737 MAX series, 747-8 and 787 Dreamliner aircraft.[12] Also tested on the QTD2 were streamlined toboggan fairings on the main landing gear to reduce noise.[6]

In 2018 a new design of engine inlet liner was flight tested in a successor program, Quiet Technology Demonstrator 3 (QTD3), using acoustic arrays at Moses Lake, Washington.[13] The NASA-designed inlet was installed in the right-hand nacelle of one of Boeing's two 737 MAX 7 prototypes,[14] powered by CFM International LEAP 1B engines. The testing took place between 27 July and 6 August.[15]

QTD aircraft summary

Year	Program	Aircraft	Previously	Registration	Livery	Fate
2001	QTD (QTD1}	Boeing 777-200ER	New	N757AN[citation needed]	American Airlines	Delivered to American Airlines
2005	QTD2	Boeing 777-300ER	New	N5014K	All Nippon Airways (ANA)	Delivered to ANA as JA733A
2018	QTD3	Boeing 737 MAX 7	Boeing	N7201S[citation needed]	Boeing house colors	Returned to Boeing

ecoDemonstrator program

The ecoDemonstrator program was formally launched in 2011, in partnership with American Airlines and the FAA.[12] The first ecoDemonstrator aircraft, a Boeing 737-800, operated during 2012. Since then a different aircraft has been used each year, excepting 2013 and 2017, with testing operations lasting from a few weeks to over six months. The testing is usually done in collaboration with many industry partners, including NASA, the FAA, airlines, makers of engines, equipment and software, and academic institutions.[1] The results of the tests are rarely publicised, respecting the confidentiality of the industrial partners.

In 2022, the ninth aircraft in the program, a Boeing 777-200ER wore a special 10th anniversary livery.

Participating aircraft

2012: Boeing 737-800

This was a new aircraft destined for American Airlines and in their livery. With this, the first ecoDemonstrator, Boeing tested laminar flow technology for winglets, improving fuel efficiency by 1.8 percent. This fed directly into the design of the winglets used on the subsequent 737 MAX series.[16] The aircraft tested other technologies, including:

• variable area fan nozzle to optimize engine efficiency
• regenerative hydrogen fuel cell for aircraft electrical power
• adaptive outer wing trailing edges for greater take-off lift and decreased drag in cruise[17]
• active engine vibration control
• flightpath optimization for operational efficiency
• carpet made from recycled materials
• sustainable aviation fuel (SAF).[12]

2014: Boeing 787-8

The fourth production 787, a Boeing test airframe, was employed as the second ecoDemonstrator. It conducted 35 projects including:

• use of a 15% blend of SAF by both engines for nine flights[18]
• acoustic ceramic matrix composite nozzle for weight and noise reduction[19]
• aerodynamic and flight control improvements.
• advanced wing coatings to reduce ice accumulation.
• software applications and connectivity technologies that can improve flight planning, fuel-load optimization, in-flight routing, and landing.
• touchscreen displays on the flight deck.
• wireless sensors to reduce wiring, reduce weight and save fuel.
• outer wing access doors made from recycled 787 carbon fibre.
• development of the Airborne Spacing for Terminal Arrival Routes (ASTAR) system to reduce spacing between aircraft on approach to airports.[12]

2015: Boeing 757-200

This aircraft served with United Airlines for 23 years before being used by Boeing for the ecoDemonstrator program. The aircraft was painted in the TUI Group livery as a mark of their collaboration in the project, particularly in the environmental efficiency aspects. NASA's Langley Research Center was also a major participant as part of its Environmentally Responsible Aviation (ERA) project.[20] At the end of the testing period the aircraft was, in conjunction with the Aircraft Fleet Recycling Association and the aircraft lessor Stifel, disassembled for recycling.[21][22] Around 90% of materials were reused or recycled.[23]

Technologies explored included:

• improvement of airflow with insect shields and anti-bug coatings on one wing
• active flow control over the vertical tail with the aim of increasing efficiency and reducing its size
• green diesel fuel testing.[24]

2016: Embraer E170

The third E170 prototype first flew in 2002 and was retained by Embraer as a test and demonstration aircraft. It was the only non-Boeing aircraft so far to participate as an ecoDemonstrator.[25] Testing projects included:

• use of LIDAR to complement existing air data sensors
• ice-phobic paint to reduce icing and insect debris buildup
• new noise-reducing flaps
• special sensors to investigate airflow and improve aerodynamics
• use of 10% Brazil-produced bio-fuel and 90% standard kerosene.[26]

2018: Boeing 777F

FedEx supplied a newly-delivered 777 freighter for use in the ecoDemonstrator program. After two months of conversion, it was used in the testing program for around three months before restoration to its freighter role. Technologies explored included:

• smaller, lighter weight thrust reverser
• Safran electrical power distribution system
• use of 100% biofuel – the first commercial airliner to be entirely powered by SAF
• 3D printed titanium tail fin cap using waste material and reducing the weight
• synthetic ILS using GPS giving increased reliability and potentially allowing reduced separation of aircraft on approach
• wake riding, involving flying closely behind another aircraft to give a fuel efficiency increase of up to 10%
• LIDAR clear-air turbulence detector
• SOCAS - Surface Operations and Collision Avoidance System, merging radar and video images for obstacle detection[16]
• FLYHT Aerospace Solutions’ Automated Flight Information Reporting System (AFIRS) for tracking, distress and data-streaming from flight data recorders.[23]

2019: Boeing 777-200

This airliner had served Air China since 2001 before Boeing purchased it to join the ecoDemonstrator program.[27] During testing, the aircraft visited Frankfurt, Germany, as several experiments were sponsored by German organisations including the German Aerospace Center (DLR), Diehl Aerospace, and Fraport. Among the 50 projects trialled were:

• recyclable cabin carpet tiles
• moisture-absorbent toilet floor made from recycled carbon fibre
• chromate-free primer for aluminium parts to reduce manufacturing health risks[28]
• sharing digital information between air traffic control (ATC), the flight deck and an airline's operations center to optimize routing efficiency and safety
• a connected electronic flight bag application to provide re-routing information
• connected galleys, lavatories, and cabin temperature and humidity sensors
• cameras for an outside view for passengers.[16]

2020: Boeing 787-10

This new aircraft for Etihad Airways was used for just a few weeks between August and October 2020.[29] The testing program included:

• noise measurement with over 1400 sensors for internal and external measurements
• noise reduction including Safran undercarriage modifications
• SAF testing with blends of 30% to 50%
• sanitisation methods for the COVID-19 pandemic.[30]
• digital text-based ATC routing communications.[31]

2021: Boeing 737 MAX 9

This 5-month program was conducted with a new airframe originally destined for Corendon Dutch Airlines but was painted in a special Alaska Airlines livery with ecoDemonstrator stickers.[32] In October 2021 the aircraft flew from Seattle to Glasgow, Scotland, for the United Nations COP26 Climate Change Conference, bringing executives from Boeing and Alaska Airlines and fuelled by a 50% SAF fuel blend.[23] The testing program included:

• low profile anti-collision light for weight and drag reduction and increased visibility
• text-based ATC communications
• halon-free fire extinguishing
• noise reduction engine nacelles
• cabin walls made from recycled material[33]
• 50% SAF blend[34]
• atmospheric greenhouse gas measurement system integration for airliners
• passenger air vent designs to create an air curtain between seat rows.[35]

2022: Boeing 777-200ER

The aircraft was originally delivered to Singapore Airlines in 2002, and flew most recently for Surinam Airways. It wears a livery celebrating the 10th anniversary of the ecoDemonstrator program. Boeing implies that this aircraft will operate as the ecoDemonstrator test aircraft until 2024.[1] The company states that the six-month 2022 program will demonstrate 30 new technologies,[36] among which are:

• the use of a 30% SAF blend
• disinfection of water from sinks for reuse in toilet flushing
• weight reduction through 3D printed parts
• noise reduction techniques
• vortex generators which retract during cruise
• head-worn head-up display enhanced vision system
• fire-fighting system that does not use Halon
• environmentally-friendly galley cooler refrigerant.[37]

ecoDemonstrator aircraft summary

Most information from Planespotters.net[38]

Year	Aircraft	Previously	Registration	Livery	Fate
2012	Boeing 737-800	New	N897NN	American Airlines	Delivered to American Airlines
2014	Boeing 787-8	Boeing	N7874	Boeing house colors	Retained by Boeing
2015	Boeing 757-200	United Airlines N506UA	N757ET	TUI	Parted-out at Moses Lake
2016	Embraer E170	Embraer	PP-XJB[39]	Special	Returned to Embraer
2018	Boeing 777F	FedEx	N878FD	FedEx	Returned to FedEx
2019	Boeing 777-200	Air China B-2068	N772ET	Boeing house colors	Stored at Victorville, California
2020	Boeing 787-10	New	N8572C	Etihad Airways	Delivered to Etihad Airways as A6-BMI
2021	Boeing 737 MAX 9	New	N60436[40]	Alaska Airlines special	Delivered to Alaska Airlines as N979AK
2022	Boeing 777-200ER	Surinam Airways PZ-TCU	N861BC	Special

All aircraft apart from the 2022 777 had ecoDemonstrator stickers applied to the fuselage or engine nacelles, at least one retaining them for some time after its participation in the program ended.[41]

See also

• Environmental impact of aviation

References

External links

• Boeing: Environment
• Boeing: ecoDemonstrator

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