avia.wikisort.org - WeaponThe Hotchkiss 25 mm anti-aircraft gun was an anti-aircraft autocannon designed by the French firm of Hotchkiss. It served in World War II with French, Japanese and other nations' forces. Other than the designer company and the calibre, this weapon is not related to the semi-automatic 25 mm Hotchkiss anti-tank gun; in particular, the cartridge used is different.
Anti-Aircraft/Autocannon
mitrailleuse de 25 mm CA mle 39 |
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 Preserved 25 CA 39 at Musée des Blindés |
Type | Anti-Aircraft/Autocannon |
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Place of origin | France |
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Wars | Second World War |
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Designer | Hotchkiss et Cie |
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Mass | 850 kg (1,870 lb) |
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Barrel length | 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) L/60 |
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Crew | 9[1] |
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Shell | 25 x 163 mm HE: .29 kg (10 oz) AP: .32 kg (11 oz) |
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Caliber | 25 mm (.98 in) |
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Action | gas operated |
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Carriage | Two wheeled single axle with cruciform outriggers |
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Elevation | -10° to +85° |
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Traverse | 360°[1] |
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Rate of fire | Cyclic: 200–260 rpm Effective: 110 rpm |
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Muzzle velocity | HE: 900 m/s (2,953 ft/s) AP: 875 m/s (2,870 ft/s) |
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Effective firing range | 6.8 km (4.2 mi) at 45° with HE shell |
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Maximum firing range | 3 km (9,800 ft) (effective) 5.5 km (18,000 ft) (ceiling) |
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Feed system | 10-round box magazine[1] |
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Development
After World War I the French military expressed a need for an anti-aircraft autocannon. The Hotchkiss company submitted its 25 mm design, but it was rejected as being too slow-firing, so the weapon was proposed for export instead. In 1938, as the international situation was worsening, and the favoured Schneider 37 mm autocannon was still not ready for production, the French military decided to reconsider its refusal to Hotchkiss, who had just won a contract with Romania. The export guns were held in France and impressed into domestic service. The original tripod was found to be unstable, which led to the development of a revised variant with a triangular base with a two-wheel carriage. This new variant was chosen for mass production, but at the time of the German attack in May 1940, only a few hundred of these guns were in service. With them and only approximately two hundred Oerlikons, the lack of modern light AA guns greatly hampered the French army in the campaign.
Foreign use
Europe
Romania ordered 300 pieces but only 72 had been delivered by the fall of France.[2]
The Spanish Republic bought the weapons for its Navy in December 1935. Five were received in January 1936 and installed during the Spanish Civil War in the destroyers Jose Luis Díez, Lepanto and Ulloa. After the Civil War, these weapons were used during the 1940s.[3]
Asia
Japan bought a license to manufacture the weapon, which became the Type 96 and was used on most Japanese warships of World War II. It was known officially as the Type 96 25 mm AT/AA Gun. Japan was far and away the most prolific user of this design, producing 33,000 units and deploying it across their military forces.[citation needed]
Variants
- mitrailleuse de 25 mm contre-aéroplanes modèle 1938
- the original tripod-mounted gun intended for Romania.
- mitrailleuse de 25 mm contre-aéroplanes modèle 1939
- heavier, more stable carriage.
- mitrailleuse de 25 mm contre-aéroplanes modèle 1940
- faster-firing variant on fixed mounting for naval and static defense use, cartwheel sights.
- mitrailleuse de 25 mm contre-aéroplanes modèle 1940 jumelée
- ground-based twin variant.
See also
- 13.2 mm Hotchkiss machine gun, a closely related weapon
Notes
- Chamberlain, Peter (1975). Anti-aircraft guns. Gander, Terry. New York: Arco Pub. Co. p. 6. ISBN 0668038187. OCLC 2000222.
- Mark Axworthy, London: Arms and Armour, 1995, Third Axis, Fourth Ally: Romanian Armed Forces in the European War, 1941–1945, p. 29
- "Las armas de la guerra civil española" ISBN 84-9734-475-8, pages 394 -398.
References
- Ferrard, Stéphane. France 1940 l'armement terrestre, ETAI, 1998, ISBN 978-2-7268-8380-8
- Notice provisoire du matériel de 25 m/m C.A. Modèle 1938, Manufacture d'armes de Levallois, 1939
- Rapid fire, Anthony G. Williams, ISBN 1-84037-435-7
- "Las armas de la guerra civil española", José María Manrique, ISBN 84-9734-475-8, pages 394 -398
External links
French naval weapons of the Second World War |
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Battleship main armament |
- 305 mm/45 Modèle 1906
- 330 mm/50 Modèle 1931
- 340 mm/45 Modèle 1912
- 380 mm/45 Modèle 1935
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Cruiser main armament |
- 138 mm/40 Modèle 1923
- 152 mm/55 Modèle 1930
- 155 mm/50 Modèle 1920
- 203 mm/50 Modèle 1924
- 203 mm/55 Modèle 1931
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Destroyer and Aviso main armament |
- 65 mm Modèle 1891
- 90 mm/50 Modèle 1926
- 100 mm/45 Modèle 1891
- 100 mm/45 Modèle 1933
- 130 mm/40 Modèle 1919
- 130 mm/40 Modèle 1924
- 130 mm/45 Modèle 1935
- 138 mm/45 Modèle 1893
- 138 mm/40 Modèle 1927
- 138 mm/55 Modèle 1910
- 138 mm/50 Modèle 1929
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Secondary armament |
- 57 mm/40 Modèle 1885
- 90 mm/50 Modèle 1926
- 100 mm/45 Modèle 1930
- 100 mm/55 Modèle 1945
- 130 mm/45 Modèle 1932
- 138 mm/55 Modèle 1910
- 152 mm/55 Modèle 1930
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Submarine guns |
- 75 mm/35 Modèle 1924
- 75 mm/35 Modèle 1927
- 100 mm/45 Modèle 1917
- 100 mm/45 Modèle 1925
- 100 mm/34 Modèle 1936
- 203 mm/50 Modèle 1924
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Anti-aircraft weapons | |
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Torpedoes |
- 400 mm Modèle 1926V
- 550 mm Modèle 1919D
- 550 mm Modèle 1923DT
- 550 mm Modèle 1924M
- 550 mm Modèle 1924V
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French artillery of World War II |
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Anti-aircraft guns | |
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Anti-tank guns |
- 25 mm Hotchkiss anti-tank gun
- 25 mm APX modèle 1937
- AC 37 anti-tank gun
- AC 47 anti-tank gun
- 47 mm APX anti-tank gun
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Coastal artillery |
- Canon de 100 mm Modèle 1891
- Canon de 145 L modele 1916 Saint-Chamond
- Canon de 155 L modele 1916 Saint-Chamond
- Canon de 19 C modèle 1870/93
- Canon de 240 L Mle 1884
- Mortier de 270 mm modèle 1889
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Field artillery | |
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Infantry guns | |
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Medium and Heavy artillery |
- Canon de 105 court mle 1934 Schneider
- Canon de 105 court mle 1935 B
- Canon de 105 L mle 1936 Schneider
- Canon de 105 mle 1913 Schneider
- Canon de 155 C modèle 1917 Schneider
- Canon de 155 C modèle 1915 St. Chamond
- Canon de 155mm GPF
- Canon de 194 GPF
- Canon de 220 L mle 1917
- Mortier de 220 modèle 1915/1916 Schneider
- Mortier 280 mm TR de Schneider-St Chamond
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Mortars |
- Mortier de 150 mm T Mle 1917 Fabry
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Mountain artillery |
- Canon de 65 M modele 1906
- Canon de 75 M modele 1919 Schneider
- Canon de 75 M modele 1928
- Canon Court de 105 M modele 1909 Schneider
- Canon Court de 105 M modèle 1919 Schneider
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Railroad artillery |
- Canon de 164 modèle 1893/96 TAZ
- Canon de 19 modèle 1870/93 TAZ
- Canon de 240 modèle 93/96 TAZ
- Canon de 305 modèle 1906/10 à glissement
- Canon de 32 modèle 1870/84 à glissement
- Canon de 32 modèle 1870/93 à glissement
- Canon de 320 modèle 1917 à glissement
- Canon de 340 modèle 1893 à glissement
- Canon de 340 modèle 1912 à berceau
- Canon de 340 modèle 1912 à glissement
- Obusier de 370 modèle 1915
- Canon de 370 modèle 75/79 Glissement
- Obusier de 400 Modèle 1915/1916
- Obusier de 520 modèle 1916
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Siege artillery |
- Canon de 240 L Mle 1884
- Mortier de 280 modèle 1914 Schneider
- Mortier de 293 Danois sur affut-truck modèle 1914
- Mortier de 370 modèle 1914 Filloux
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Tank guns |
- Puteaux 37 mm SA 18
- 47mm SA mle 1935
- Canon de 75 modèle 1897
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На других языках
[de] Hotchkiss 25-mm-FlaK
Die Hotchkiss 25-mm-FlaK (französisch Mitrailleuse de 25 mm contre-aéroplanes) war eine vom französischen Unternehmen Hotchkiss entwickelte Flugabwehrkanone. Eingesetzt wurde die Waffe im Zweiten Weltkrieg von Frankreich, Japan und anderen Streitkräften. Mit Ausnahme des Herstellers und des Kalibers hat die Hotchkiss 25-mm-FlaK nichts mit der Hotchkiss 25-mm-Panzerabwehrkanone gemein; speziell die Patrone ist eine andere.
- [en] 25 mm Hotchkiss anti-aircraft gun
[fr] Canon de 25 mm antiaérien Hotchkiss
Le canon de 25 mm Hotchkiss, ou mitrailleuse de 25 mm Hotchkiss désigne un canon automatique construit par Hotchkiss dans les années 1930.
[it] Hotchkiss 25 mm Mle 1938
La mitrailleuse de 25 mm contre-aéroplanes Hotchkiss era un cannone automatico antiaereo francese impiegato nella seconda guerra mondiale.
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