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The Mark 82 (Mk 82) is an unguided, low-drag general-purpose bomb, part of the United States Mark 80 series. The explosive filling is usually tritonal, though other compositions have sometimes been used.

Mark 82 General Purpose (GP) Bomb
Mk 82 bomb as displayed on U.S. Air Force website.
TypeLow-drag general-purpose bomb
Place of originUnited States
Production history
DesignerGeneral Dynamics
ManufacturerGeneral Dynamics
Unit cost$2,082.50 (in 2001)[1]
VariantsGBU-12 Paveway II GBU-38 JDAM
Specifications
Mass500 pounds (227 kg)
Length87.4 inches (2.22 m)
Diameter10.75 inches (273 mm)

FillingTritonal, Minol (explosive) or Composition H6
Filling weight192 pounds (87 kg)

Development and deployment


A B-2 Spirit dropping Mk 82 bombs into the Pacific Ocean in a 1994 training exercise off Point Mugu, California.
A B-2 Spirit dropping Mk 82 bombs into the Pacific Ocean in a 1994 training exercise off Point Mugu, California.

With a nominal weight of 500 lb (230 kg), it is one of the smallest in current service, and one of the most common air-dropped weapons in the world. Although the Mk 82's nominal weight is 500 lb, its actual weight varies depending on its configuration, from 510 to 570 lb (230 to 260 kg). It is a streamlined steel casing containing 192 lb (87 kg) of Tritonal high explosive. The Mk 82 is offered with a variety of fin kits, fuzes, and retarders for different purposes.

The Mk 82 is the warhead for the GBU-12 laser-guided bombs and for the GBU-38 JDAM.

Currently only the General Dynamics plant in Garland, Texas and Nitro-Chem in Bydgoszcz, Poland are Department of Defense-certified to manufacture bombs for the US Armed Forces.[citation needed]

The Mk 82 is currently undergoing a minor redesign to allow it to meet the insensitive munitions requirements set by Congress.

Mk. 82 bomb with a Snake Eye Tail Retarding Device – this photograph shows an unfuzed, museum display Mk 82 with its usual combat paint scheme. For display purposes, the optional high-drag Snake Eye tailfin set used for low-altitude release is shown.
Mk. 82 bomb with a Snake Eye Tail Retarding Device – this photograph shows an unfuzed, museum display Mk 82 with its usual combat paint scheme. For display purposes, the optional high-drag Snake Eye tailfin set used for low-altitude release is shown.

According to a test report conducted by the United States Navy's Weapon System Explosives Safety Review Board established in the wake of the 1967 USS Forrestal fire, the cooking off time for a Mk 82 is approximately 2 minutes 30 seconds.

More than 4,500 GBU-12/Mk 82 laser-guided bombs were dropped on Iraq during the Persian Gulf War.[2] France requested 1,200 Mk 82s in 2010 to Société des Ateliers Mécaniques de Pont-sur-Sambre (SAMP) which builds Mk 82s under licence.[3] Saudi Arabia requested 8,000 Mk 82s in 2015, along with guidance kits and other weapons.[4]


Low-level delivery


In low-level bombing, it is possible for the delivering aircraft to sustain damage from the blast and fragmentation effects of its own munitions since the aircraft and ordnance arrive at the target almost simultaneously. To address this issue, the standard Mk 82 General-Purpose bomb can be fitted with a special high-drag tail fin unit. In this configuration, it is referred to as the Mk 82 Snake Eye.[5]

The tail unit has four folded fins which spring open into a cruciform shape when the bomb is released. The fins increase the drag of the bomb, slowing its forward progress and allowing the delivery aircraft to safely pass over the target before the bomb explodes.


Variants



See also



References


  1. "Air Force Munitions Acquisition Costs". About.comUS Military. Archived from the original on 2013-09-28. Retrieved 2013-09-22.
  2. Friedman, Norman (1997). The Naval Institute guide to world naval weapons systems, 1997–1998. Naval Institute Press. p. 249. ISBN 978-1-55750-268-1.
  3. "La DGA notifie l'achat de 1 200 corps de bombes de type Mk82" (in French). Government of France. 28 June 2010. Archived from the original on 16 September 2016. Retrieved 2016-08-10.
  4. "Saudis Request Huge Resupply of U.S. Air-To-Ground Weapons". Aviation International News. Archived from the original on 2015-11-22. Retrieved 2015-11-22.
  5. "Bombs and components". www.ordnance.org/gpb.htm. Archived from the original on 1998-12-02. Retrieved 2008-06-07.
  6. "China Lake, Naval Warfare Center". www.chinalakealumni.org. Archived from the original on 2007-02-03. Retrieved 2007-03-01.
  7. "BLU-111/B". Federation of American Scientists. Archived from the original on 2006-12-13. Retrieved 2007-03-01.
  8. "Equipment Listing". www.designation-systems.net. Archived from the original on 2007-02-04. Retrieved 2007-03-01.
  9. Little Bang – p.38, Aviation Week & Space Technology-January 29, 2007
  10. Precision Lethality Responds to Urgent Operational Need Archived 2015-04-18 at the Wayback Machine – AF.mil, 9 January 2015
  11. USAF’s ultra-lethal carbon fibre bomb approved for export Archived 2015-07-03 at the Wayback Machine – Flightglobal.com, 29 June 2015
  12. USAF Has Carbon Fibre Bomb Export Hopes Archived 2015-07-12 at the Wayback Machine – Copybook.com/Military, 2 July 2015
  13. Jenkins, Dennis R. B-1 Lancer, The Most Complicated Warplane Ever Developed, p. 159. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1999. ISBN 0-07-134694-5.
  14. Air Force Replaces Cluster Bombs With Something Slightly Less Likely to Kill Civilians Archived 2015-06-23 at the Wayback Machine – Medium.com/War-is-Boring, 12 October 2014
  15. USAF moving past cluster munitions, CALCM cruise missile Archived 2015-06-10 at the Wayback Machine – Flightglobal.com, 4 June 2015



На других языках


[de] Mark 82

Die Mark 82 (Mk 82) ist eine ungelenkte Mehrzweck-Freifallbombe der Mark-80-Serie. Mit einem Gewicht von 227 Kilogramm bzw. 500 englischen Pfund ist sie bei den US- und NATO-Streitkräften die zweitkleinste, jedoch am häufigsten verwendete „Eisenbombe“. Sie ist eine der häufigsten aus der Luft abgeworfenen Waffen.
- [en] Mark 82 bomb

[fr] Bombe Mark 82

La Mark 82 (Mk 82) est une bombe dite d'emploi général (à souffle et à fragmentation), non guidée et à faible traînée, d'une masse de 500 livres (227 kg) dont 89 kg d'explosifs. Elle fait partie de la série américaine Mark 80, développée dans les années 1950.

[it] Mk 82

La Mk 82 è una bomba a caduta libera leggera di produzione General Dynamics, statunitense, ed in uso principalmente alla United States Air Force dagli anni cinquanta.

[ru] Mark 82

Mark 82 — американская авиационная бомба, разработанная в 1950-х годах.



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