avia.wikisort.org - Weapon

The Mark 82 (Mk 82) is an unguided, low-drag general-purpose bomb, part of the United States Mark 80 series. The explosive filling is usually tritonal, though other compositions have sometimes been used.

Mark 82 General Purpose (GP) Bomb
Mk 82 bomb as displayed on U.S. Air Force website.
Type	Low-drag general-purpose bomb
Place of origin	United States
Production history
Designer	General Dynamics
Manufacturer	General Dynamics
Unit cost	$2,082.50 (in 2001)[1]
Variants	GBU-12 Paveway II GBU-38 JDAM
Specifications
Mass	500 pounds (227 kg)
Length	87.4 inches (2.22 m)
Diameter	10.75 inches (273 mm)
Filling	Tritonal, Minol (explosive) or Composition H6
Filling weight	192 pounds (87 kg)

Development and deployment

With a nominal weight of 500 lb (230 kg), it is one of the smallest in current service, and one of the most common air-dropped weapons in the world. Although the Mk 82's nominal weight is 500 lb, its actual weight varies depending on its configuration, from 510 to 570 lb (230 to 260 kg). It is a streamlined steel casing containing 192 lb (87 kg) of Tritonal high explosive. The Mk 82 is offered with a variety of fin kits, fuzes, and retarders for different purposes.

The Mk 82 is the warhead for the GBU-12 laser-guided bombs and for the GBU-38 JDAM.

Currently only the General Dynamics plant in Garland, Texas and Nitro-Chem in Bydgoszcz, Poland are Department of Defense-certified to manufacture bombs for the US Armed Forces.^{[citation needed]}

The Mk 82 is currently undergoing a minor redesign to allow it to meet the insensitive munitions requirements set by Congress.

According to a test report conducted by the United States Navy's Weapon System Explosives Safety Review Board established in the wake of the 1967 USS Forrestal fire, the cooking off time for a Mk 82 is approximately 2 minutes 30 seconds.

More than 4,500 GBU-12/Mk 82 laser-guided bombs were dropped on Iraq during the Persian Gulf War.[2] France requested 1,200 Mk 82s in 2010 to Société des Ateliers Mécaniques de Pont-sur-Sambre (SAMP) which builds Mk 82s under licence.[3] Saudi Arabia requested 8,000 Mk 82s in 2015, along with guidance kits and other weapons.[4]

Low-level delivery

In low-level bombing, it is possible for the delivering aircraft to sustain damage from the blast and fragmentation effects of its own munitions since the aircraft and ordnance arrive at the target almost simultaneously. To address this issue, the standard Mk 82 General-Purpose bomb can be fitted with a special high-drag tail fin unit. In this configuration, it is referred to as the Mk 82 Snake Eye.[5]

The tail unit has four folded fins which spring open into a cruciform shape when the bomb is released. The fins increase the drag of the bomb, slowing its forward progress and allowing the delivery aircraft to safely pass over the target before the bomb explodes.

Variants

• BLU-111/B – Mk 82 casing filled with PBXN-109 (instead of Composition H6); item weighs 481 lb (218 kg).[6] PBXN-109 is a less sensitive explosive filler when compared to H6.[7] The BLU-111/B also is the warhead of the A-1 version of the Joint Stand-Off Weapon.
• BLU-111A/B – Used by the U.S. Navy,[8] this is the BLU-111/B with a thermal-protective coating added[7] to reduce cook-off in (fuel-related) fires.
• BLU-126/B – Designed following a U.S. Navy request to lower collateral damage in air strikes. Delivery of this type started in March 2007. Also known as the Low Collateral Damage Bomb (LCDB), it is a BLU-111 with a smaller explosive charge. Inert ballast is added to match the original weight of the BLU-111, which gives it the same trajectory when dropped.[9]
• BLU-129/B – U.S. Air Force Mark 82 version with a composite warhead case which disintegrates upon detonation to minimize fragmentation, decreasing damage to nearby structures and reducing the chances of collateral damage.[10] The carbon fiber composite shell achieves three-times less collateral damage by keeping the blast radius tight, while the tungsten-laden case high explosive has greater lethality in that blast radius. Entered service in 2011 with some 800 units produced until early 2015. USAF is looking to restart production for domestic and international consumption.[11][12]
• Mark 62 Quickstrike mine – A naval mine, which is a conversion of the Mark 82 bomb.[13]
• Mark 82 Mod 7 – Near-term solution for cluster bomb replacement that replaces the forged steel casing with a unitary "cast ductile iron" warhead and reconfigured burst height and fuze locations, dispersing iron fragmentation over a large area to fulfill area-attack requirements with less chance of unexploded ordnance. To enter service by 2018.[14][15]
• MK82-T (Tendürek) –Turkish variant of Mk 82 with a thermobaric warhead, can be fitted with locally produced HGK, LGK and KGK guidance kits.

See also

• Mark 81 bomb
• Mark 83 bomb
• Mark 84 bomb
• Paveway IV
• Armement Air-Sol Modulaire
• FAB-250 – Soviet counterpart

References

External links

• Mk82 General-Purpose Bomb
• Bombs, Fuzes, and associated Components

На других языках

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[de] Mark 82

Die Mark 82 (Mk 82) ist eine ungelenkte Mehrzweck-Freifallbombe der Mark-80-Serie. Mit einem Gewicht von 227 Kilogramm bzw. 500 englischen Pfund ist sie bei den US- und NATO-Streitkräften die zweitkleinste, jedoch am häufigsten verwendete „Eisenbombe“. Sie ist eine der häufigsten aus der Luft abgeworfenen Waffen.

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- [en] Mark 82 bomb

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[fr] Bombe Mark 82

La Mark 82 (Mk 82) est une bombe dite d'emploi général (à souffle et à fragmentation), non guidée et à faible traînée, d'une masse de 500 livres (227 kg) dont 89 kg d'explosifs. Elle fait partie de la série américaine Mark 80, développée dans les années 1950.

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[it] Mk 82

La Mk 82 è una bomba a caduta libera leggera di produzione General Dynamics, statunitense, ed in uso principalmente alla United States Air Force dagli anni cinquanta.

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[ru] Mark 82

Mark 82 — американская авиационная бомба, разработанная в 1950-х годах.

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