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The Kharkiv KhAI-5, (sometimes Neman R-10) was a Soviet reconnaissance and light bomber aircraft, designed in the mid-1930s in the Kharkiv Aviation Institute (KhAI, - in Ukrainian: ХАІ), under the direction of Iosif Grigorevich Nyeman (sometimes written as Neman).

KhAI-5 / R-10 / PS-5
Role Reconnaissance and light bomber monoplane
National origin Soviet Union
Manufacturer Kharkiv Aviation Institute
Designer Iosif Grigorevich Nyeman
First flight June 1936
Primary user Soviet Air Force
Number built 500+

Development


The first prototype of the plane, with a factory designation KhAI-5 (ХАІ-5), flew in June 1936. Despite a lower performance, the aircraft won a contest against another reconnaissance plane design, the Kochyerigin R-9, and was accepted for a production with the military designation R-10 ('R' indicated razvyedchik meaning reconnaissance in Russian). It was a modern design for the time. 493 R-10s were manufactured in the Kharkiv and Saratov aviation plants by early 1940. The first series showed some teething problems, which resulted in Iosif Nyeman being arrested by the NKVD on December 11, 1938 under the accusation of sabotage and espionage, a common accusation at the time.

In 1938 a variant, the KhAI-5bis was tested with an M-25E engine, achieving a speed of 425 km/h (264 mph). In 1938, the KhAI-52 ground attack aircraft, based on the R-10, was also developed. It was powered by a Shvetsov M-63 670 kW (900 hp) radial engine and armed with seven machine guns and 400 kg (880 lb) bombs. A production run of an experimental series of 10 aircraft was prepared, but it was cancelled with Nyeman's arrest.

Some production R-10s were fitted with more powerful Tumansky M-88, Shvetsov M-62 and M-63 engines. Over 60 aircraft, withdrawn from the Air Force, were used from 1940 as mail carriers by Aeroflot, under the designation PS-5 (Russian: ПС-5), with 3 passenger seats.


Combat use


The aircraft entered service in the Soviet Air Force in 1937, replacing some Polikarpov R-5s. R-10s were first used in combat in the 1939 Soviet-Japanese Battle of Khalkhin Gol. Then, they were used in the initial stage of World War II, starting with use in the invasion of Poland (without combat encounters) and against Finland in the Winter War (1939–1940). R-10s were next used in the first period of the German-Soviet war, following the German attack on June 22, 1941. By this time, they were outdated and suffered heavy losses, as did the rest of the Soviet Air Force. Many planes were destroyed on the ground. They were used as tactical reconnaissance aircraft, and, in need, also as light bombers. Later many were used as night bombers, to reduce losses from opposing fighters. The remaining R-10s were withdrawn from combat service in 1943 although two Finnish pilots claimed R-10s in 1944.


Description


The aircraft was conventional in layout, with a low mounted, plywood-covered wooden cantilever wing. The fuselage was of semi-monocoque construction. The undercarriage retracted into the wings. The crew consisted a pilot and an observer/rear gunner in a turret with a single machine gun. In the observer compartment's floor there was an AFA-13 camera for reconnaissance duties. Between the crew compartments there were fuel tanks and a vertical bomb bay. The maximum bomb load was 300 kg (660 lb) (6 × 50 kg (110 lb) or 10 × 25 kg (55 lb) bombs). The plane was powered by various variants of the Shvetsov M-25 and related M-63 radial engines, a development of the Wright R-1820 built under licence, which spun an all-metal two-bladed Hamilton Standard variable-pitch propeller.


Operators


 Soviet Union

Variants



Specifications


Data from Gunston.[1]

General characteristics

Performance

388 km/h (241 mph) at 2,500 m (8,202 ft)
5,000 m (16,404 ft) in 12 minutes

Armament


See also


Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Related lists


References


  1. Gunston, Bill (1995). The Osprey Encyclopaedia of Russian Aircraft 1875–1995. London: Osprey. p. 149. ISBN 1-85532-405-9.


Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kharkov KhAI-5.

На других языках

[de] Neman R-10

Die Neman R-10 (russisch Неман Р-10) war eine direkte Weiterentwicklung der ChAI-5 für die Serienfertigung. Es handelte sich um einen zweisitzigen sowjetischen Tiefdecker mit einem einziehbaren Spornradfahrwerk, der im Wesentlichen aus Holz hergestellt wurde. Er wurde als Aufklärer, leichtes Bombenflugzeug und zum Tiefangriff verwendet. Konstrukteur war Iossif Neman.
- [en] Kharkiv KhAI-5

[fr] Kharkiv R-10

Le Kharkiv R-10, ou KhAI-5 (en ukrainien : « Р-10 » ou « ХАІ-5 ») était un avion de reconnaissance et bombardier léger soviétique, conçu en Ukraine au milieu des années 1930 par l'Institut d'aviation de Kharkov (KhAI, XAI en ukrainien), sous la direction de Iosif Grigorevich Nyeman (aussi écrit « Neman »). L'avion était d'ailleurs parfois également désigné Neman R-10.

[it] Kharkov KhAI-5

Il Neman R-10 (conosciuto anche come KhAI-5, in caratteri cirillici ХАИ-5) era un monomotore da attacco al suolo ad ala bassa progettato dall'OKB 135 diretto da Iosif Grigorevič Neman e sviluppato in Unione Sovietica nella seconda metà degli anni trenta del XX secolo.

[ru] Р-10

Р-10 (ХАИ-5) «разведчик десятый» — советский многоцелевой одномоторный самолёт-разведчик, лёгкий бомбардировщик и штурмовик, созданный в Харьковском авиационном институте под руководством И. Г. Немана в 1936 году. После ареста Немана в 1938 году доводкой машины занимался А. А. Дубровин. С 1936 по 1940 годы в большой серии выпущено 493 машины. Производился в Харькове и в Саратове (с 1937 года), где для его серийного выпуска был задействован завод сельскохозяйственного машиностроения «Саркомбайн», ставший с этого времени авиазаводом.


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