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The Sukhoi Su-2 (Russian: Сухой Су-2) was a Soviet reconnaissance and light bomber aircraft used in the early stages of World War II. It was the first airplane designed by Pavel Sukhoi. The basic design received an engine and armament upgrade (Su-4) and was modified for the ground-attack role (ShB).

Su-2
Su-2 flight crew and ground personnel
Role	Short-range bomber Type of aircraft
National origin	Soviet Union
Manufacturer	Sukhoi
Designer	Pavel Sukhoi Andrei Tupolev
First flight	25 August 1937
Introduction	December 1939
Retired	1944
Primary user	Soviet Air Forces
Number built	910

Development

In 1936, Joseph Stalin released a requirement for a multipurpose combat aircraft. Codenamed Ivanov, the airplane had to be capable of performing reconnaissance and then attacking the targets it located.[1] P. O. Sukhoi was working in the Tupolev OKB at the time and designed the "Ivanov" aircraft under the tutelage of Andrei Tupolev. The resulting ANT-51 flew on 25 August 1937 with M. M. Gromov at the controls. Powered by a 610 kW (820 hp) Shvetsov M-62 air-cooled radial engine, the ANT-51 reached 403 km/h (220 kn, 250 mph) at 4,700 m (15,420 ft).[1] This was considered insufficient but since the basic design was sound, it was decided to re-test it with a more powerful engine. Equipped with a 746 kW (1,000 hp) Tumansky M-87 engine, the ANT-51 reached 468 km/h (255 kn, 290 mph) at 5,600 m (18,370 ft) and was accepted into production as BB-1 (Blizhniy Bombardirovschik; Russian: Ближний Бомбардировщик — "short-range bomber").[1] In 1940, the aircraft was renamed Su-2 and the unreliable M-87 engine was replaced with a Tumansky M-88.[1] This lightened version with an M-88B engine reached 512 km/h (275 kn, 320 mph) in testing.

The Su-2 was of mixed construction. The fuselage was semi-monocoque with wood spars and a plywood skin. The wings were of duralumin and steel construction with fabric-covered rod-actuated control surfaces. The pilot and gunner were protected with 9 mm (0.35 in) of armor. The taildragger landing gear was retractable, including the tailwheel.[1]

Operational history

Although 910 Su-2s were built by the time production was discontinued in 1942,[2] the aircraft was obsolete and underarmed by the start of the Great Patriotic War. In combat, the Su-2 ground attack aircraft squadrons suffered heavy losses against the Germans, with some 222 aircraft destroyed. From 1942, the Su-2 was withdrawn from the frontline and replaced by Ilyushin Il-2, Petlyakov Pe-2 and Tupolev Tu-2 bombers. The Su-2 was relegated to a training and reconnaissance role. However, due to a critical shortage of aircraft in early World War II, some Su-2s were used as emergency fighters.[1]

Loss rate comparison

Although the Su-2 has been criticized due to the number of losses it suffered, its loss rate compares favorably with other attack aircraft used by the Soviet Airforce in World War II.

Type	Average number of missions flown before loss
Su-2	80
Pe-2	54
IL-2 (two seat)	26
A-20	19
IL-2 (single seat)	13

[3]

Variants

Su-2

Two-seat light bomber and reconnaissance aircraft. Original designation BB-1.

ShB (Russian: ШБ)

A proposed ground-attack version with an M-88A engine, modified landing gear which rotated 90° before retracting to the rear into the wings (like the American Curtiss P-40). Bombload was increased to 600 kg (1,235 lb). Created in 1940, the aircraft did not enter production due to availability of the Ilyushin Il-2.[1]

Su-4

An upgraded version, originally intended for the Urmin M-90 engine with 1,565 kW (2,100 hp), but later fitted with a Shvetsov M-82 (some Su-2s were also fitted with M-82). Due to a shortage of duralumin, the structural elements of the wings were made of wood with plywood skin. Wing armament was changed from four 7.62 mm ShKAS machine guns to two 12.7 mm Berezin UB machine guns.[1] One prototype was built and tested, but this improved version was not placed into production.

Operators

 Soviet Union

• Soviet Air Force

Specifications (Su-4)

Data from Istoriia konstruktskii samoletov v SSSR, 1938–1950[1]

General characteristics

• Crew: 2
• Length: 10.46 m (34 ft 4 in)
• Wingspan: 14.3 m (46 ft 11 in)
• Height: 3.75 m (12 ft 4 in)
• Wing area: 29 m² (310 sq ft)
• Empty weight: 3,220 kg (7,099 lb)
• Gross weight: 4,700 kg (10,362 lb)
• Fuel capacity: 1,240 l (330 US gal; 270 imp gal)
• Powerplant: 1 × Shvetsov M-82 14-cylinder two-row air-cooled radial piston engine, 1,000 kW (1,400 hp)

Performance

• Maximum speed: 485 km/h (301 mph, 262 kn) at altitude
• Range: 1,100 km (680 mi, 590 nmi)
• Service ceiling: 8,400 m (27,600 ft)
• Time to altitude: 5,000 m (16,000 ft) in 9 minutes 48 seconds

Armament

• 6 × 7.62 mm (0.300 in) ShKAS machine guns (4 in the wings, 1 in rear turret, 1 in the hatch in the floor)
• 10 × RS-82 rockets
• 8 × RS-82 rockets
• Up to 600 kg (1,300 lb) of bombs in the internal bomb bay and underwing hardpoints

See also

Related development

• Sukhoi Su-6

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

• Douglas SBD Dauntless
• Fairey Battle
• Ilyushin Il-2
• Junkers Ju 87D
• Kawasaki Ki-32
• Mitsubishi Ki-51

Related lists

• List of aircraft of World War II
• List of military aircraft of the Soviet Union and the CIS

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sukhoi Su-2.

• Su-2 from WINGS PALETTE
• Su-2 from Avia press
• "Sukhoi Su-2". Sukhoi Company Museum. Archived from the original on 2006-04-28. Retrieved 2011-07-12.

На других языках

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[de] Suchoi Su-2

Die sowjetische Suchoi Su-2 (russisch Сухой Су-2) war ein zweisitziges Bombenflugzeug in Gemischtbauweise[1] und zum Zeitpunkt des deutschen Überfalls auf die UdSSR im Jahre 1941 der modernste leichte Bomber der sowjetischen Luftstreitkräfte. Entwickelt wurde es von Pawel Suchoi.

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- [en] Sukhoi Su-2

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[fr] Soukhoï Su-2

Le Soukhoï Su-2 était un bombardier léger soviétique utilisé dans les premières phases de la Seconde Guerre mondiale construit par le constructeur d'avions militaires soviétiques Soukhoï. Il a été le premier avion conçu par Pavel Soukhoï. La conception du moteur et de l'armement ont été améliorés et l'avion a été modifié pour le rôle d'attaque au sol.

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[it] Sukhoi Su-2

Il Sukhoi Su-2 (in caratteri cirillici Сухой Су-2) era un monomotore da attacco al suolo ad ala bassa progettato dall'OKB 51 diretto da Pavel Osipovič Suchoj e sviluppato in Unione Sovietica nei tardi anni trenta.

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[ru] Су-2

Су-2 (ББ-1) — «Сухой два», другое название «Ближний бомбардировщик первый» — советский лёгкий бомбардировщик времён Второй мировой войны Конструкторского бюро советского авиаконструктора Павла Сухого. От других советских самолётов данного класса отличался передовой технологией изготовления и хорошим обзором из кабины. Последняя черта позволила успешно использовать эту машину в качестве артиллерийского корректировщика во второй половине Великой Отечественной войны. Для увеличения скорости полёта по первоначальному замыслу Павла Сухого бомбы помещались на внутренней подвеске внутри фюзеляжа. Первоначально предполагалось выпускать самолёт целиком из металла, однако дефицит алюминия в СССР не позволил осуществить это прогрессивное решение.

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