avia.wikisort.org - Aeroplane

Search / Calendar

The Tupolev TB-1[1] (development name ANT-4) was a Soviet bomber aircraft, an angular monoplane that served as the backbone of the Soviet bomber force for many years, and was the first large all-metal aircraft built in the Soviet Union.

TB-1 (ANT-4)
ANT-4 at the Ulyanovsk Aircraft Museum
Role Heavy bomber
National origin Soviet Union
Manufacturer Tupolev
First flight 26 November 1925
Introduction 1929
Retired 1948
Primary users Soviet Air Forces
Aeroflot
Produced 1929–1932
Number built 218

Design and development


In 1924, the Soviet Air Force instructed TsAGI, (Центра́льный аэрогидродинами́ческий институ́т (ЦАГИ) – Tsentralniy Aerogidrodinamicheskiy Institut or Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute) to design a heavy-bomber. TsAGI gave the task to the division led by Andrei Tupolev.[2] Tupolev's team designed a twin-engined all-metal monoplane with a corrugated Duralumin skin — based on Tupolev's earlier work utilizing the all-metal aircraft design techniques first pioneered by Hugo Junkers in 1918 — powered by two Napier Lion engines, and named the ANT-4.[3]

The first prototype was built during 1925 on the second floor of Tupolev's factory in Moscow, it being necessary to knock down a wall to allow the aircraft to be taken out of the building in pieces. After reassembly at Moscow's Khodynka Aerodrome, it was flown on 26 November 1925.[4]

Testing was successful, and it was decided to put the ANT-4 into production as the TB-1. Production was delayed, however, by shortages of aluminium, and by the need to find a replacement for the expensive imported Lion engines, the BMW VI (and later the Soviet licence-built version, the Mikulin M-17). Production eventually started at the ex-Junkers factory at Fili, Moscow in 1929, 216 following the two prototypes, production continuing until 1932.[5][6] It was produced in both wheel- and float-gear variants (a total of 66 ANT-4 seaplanes built).


Operational history


Strana Sovyetov during the flight from Moscow to New York, 1929
Strana Sovyetov during the flight from Moscow to New York, 1929

The first production aircraft was completed as an unarmed civil aircraft, named Strana Sovyetov (Land of the Soviets) for a propaganda flight from Moscow to New York, taking an eastward course via Siberia, reaching its destination on 3 November 1929, flying 21,242 km (13,194 mi) in 137 flying hours.[7] The TB-1 became the Soviet Air Forces' first standard heavy bomber, also being fitted with floats for use as a torpedo bomber (TB-1P), and for aerial survey operations.

Zveno-1: Tupolev TB-1 and two Tupolev I-4
Zveno-1: Tupolev TB-1 and two Tupolev I-4

It was also widely used for experimental purposes, being the first mothership used in the Zveno Parasite aircraft project, carrying two I-4 fighters over the aircraft's wings.[8]

The TB-1 was replaced as a heavy bomber by the similar, but much larger, four-engined Tupolev TB-3, with many aircraft being converted to civil freighters (designated G-1) for use by Aeroflot and Aviaarktika, Aeroflot's polar division. One Avia Arktika ANT-4, flown by Anatoly Liapidevsky, played a key role in the rescue of the crew of the steamship Chelyuskin, which sank on 12 February 1934 after being trapped in ice near the Bering Strait. Liapidevsky was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. G-1s continued in use with Avia Arktika until 1948.[8][9]


Variants



Survivors


One ANT-4, an ex-Aviaarktika Tupolev G-1, survives, being preserved at the Ulyanovsk Aircraft Museum.[9]


Operators


 Soviet Union

Specifications (TB-1)


Data from The Osprey Encyclopedia of Russian Aircraft 1875–1995[11]

General characteristics

Performance

Armament


See also


Related development

Related lists


Notes


  1. The abbreviation TB stands for Тяжёлый бомбардировщик (Tyazholy Bombardirovschik), Russian for 'heavy bomber'.
  2. Gunston 1995, p.381.
  3. Duffy and Kandalov 1996, p.36.
  4. Duffy and Kandalov 1996, p.36-7.
  5. Gunston 1995, pp.381–383.
  6. Duffy and Kandalov 1996, p.222.
  7. Duffy and Kandalov 1996, p.38.
  8. Gunston 1995, p.383.
  9. Duffy and Kandalov 1996, p.39.
  10. Gordon, Yefim; Komissarov, Sergey (2013). Unflown wings: Soviet and Russian unrealized aircraft projects 1925-2010. Birmingham: Ian Allan Publishing Ltd. ISBN 978-1906537340.
  11. Gunston 1995, pp.385–386.
  12. Duffy and Kandalov 1996, p.207.
  13. Lednicer, David. "The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage". m-selig.ae.illinois.edu. Retrieved 16 April 2019.

References






Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tupolev ANT-4.

На других языках

[de] Tupolew TB-1

Die Tupolew TB-1 (russisch Туполев ТБ-1, auch ANT-4, АНТ-4) war ein sowjetischer zweimotoriger Bomber. Sie war das erste in freitragender Ganzmetallbauweise hergestellte militärische Flugzeug der Sowjetunion. 1929 erfolgte mit diesem Typ ein Langstreckenflug von Moskau nach New York City in östlicher Richtung mit einer Gesamtflugstrecke von 21.242 km Länge.
- [en] Tupolev TB-1

[fr] Tupolev TB-1

Le Tupolev TB-1 ou Tupolev ANT-4 (en russe Туполев ТБ-1/АНТ-4) est un bombardier bimoteur soviétique produit de 1929 à 1932.

[it] Tupolev ANT-4

Il Tupolev ANT-4 (in cirillico Туполев АНТ-4) era un monoplano bimotore progettato dallo TsAGI, all'epoca diretto da Andrej Nikolaevič Tupolev, e sviluppato in Unione Sovietica nella seconda metà degli anni venti.

[ru] ТБ-1

Туполев ТБ-1[1] (АНТ-4) — советский бомбардировщик-торпедоносец. Первый в мире серийный двухмоторный цельнометаллический бомбардировщик.[2] Junkers G 24 (Юг-1) полетел и производился раньше, но был трёхмоторным и представлялся как пассажирский. Свободнонесущий моноплан с толстым многолонжеронным крылом, гофрированной обшивкой. Самолёт разработан за 9 месяцев и построен из кольчугалюминия в 1925 году. На вооружении ВВС РККА состоял до 1936 года. АНТ-4 стал началом семейства многомоторных самолётов, созданных под руководством А. Н. Туполева. Прямое развитие АНТ-4 — многоцелевой АНТ-7 (Р-6) имел ещё больший успех.


Текст в блоке "Читать" взят с сайта "Википедия" и доступен по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike; в отдельных случаях могут действовать дополнительные условия.

Другой контент может иметь иную лицензию. Перед использованием материалов сайта WikiSort.org внимательно изучите правила лицензирования конкретных элементов наполнения сайта.

2019-2024
WikiSort.org - проект по пересортировке и дополнению контента Википедии