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The Tupolev Tu-70 (Russian: Туполев Ту-70; NATO reporting name: Cart) was a Soviet passenger variant of the Tu-4 bomber (which was reverse-engineered from the American Boeing B-29 Superfortress[1]) and designed immediately after the end of World War II. It used a number of components from Boeing B-29s that had made emergency landings in the Soviet Union after bombing Japan.[2] It had the first pressurized fuselage in the Soviet Union and first flew on 27 November 1946.[3] The aircraft was successfully tested, recommended for serial production, but ultimately not produced because of more pressing military orders and because Aeroflot had no requirement for such an aircraft. A military cargo aircraft version was the Tupolev Tu-75.

Tu-70
Role Airliner
National origin Soviet Union
Manufacturer Tupolev
First flight 27 November 1946
Status Cancelled
Number built 1
Developed from Tupolev Tu-4
Variants Tupolev Tu-75

Design and development


After basic design work was completed on the Tu-4 bomber, Tupolev decided to design a passenger variant with a pressurized fuselage, given the internal designation of Tu-70. It was intended to use as many Tu-4 components as possible to reduce cost and save development time. It was a low-wing, cantilever monoplane with tricycle landing gear, powered by four Shvetsov ASh-73TK radial engines. Design work on a mockup began in February 1946 and the Council of Ministers confirmed an order for a single prototype the following month. A production decision for the Tu-12, as it was to be known, would be made after testing.[3]

To speed up construction of the prototype, a number of components were utilized from two B-29s. These included the outer wing panels, the engine cowlings, the flaps, the undercarriage, the tail assembly and some of the internal equipment. The wing center section was redesigned and its span increased. The pressurized fuselage was entirely new and changed the wing's position from mid-wing to low-wing. The aircraft's cockpit windscreen was changed to a more conventional "stepped" configuration. Three different configurations were proposed for the cabin layout, a government VIP version, a mixed-class 40–48 passenger model and an airliner configuration with 72 seats. The prototype appears to have been built in the mixed-class configuration, but that cannot be confirmed.[4]

The Tu-70 was completed in October 1946, but did not make its first flight until 27 November. It began manufacturer's trials in October, but an engine fire on the fourth flight caused it to make a crash-landing. This was traced to a design defect in the American-built supercharger-control system, but identifying the problem and fixing it prolonged the manufacturer's trials through October 1947. It was redesignated as the Tu-70 when it went through the State acceptance trials which ended on 14 December. It met all the design goals, but was not accepted for production as all the factories were already committed to building aircraft with a higher priority and Aeroflot had no requirement for the type, being fully satisfied with its existing Ilyushin Il-12 airliners.[5]

It was sent to the NII VVS (Russian: Научно-Исследовательский Институт Военно-Воздушных Сил – Scientific-Research Institute of the Air Forces) for evaluation as a military transport aircraft in December 1951. It was used afterwards for a variety of tests before being scrapped in 1954. Its design was modified to a military transport as the Tupolev Tu-75, but this was also not placed into production.[6]


Specifications


Data from [7]

General characteristics

Performance


See also


Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Related lists


References



Notes


  1. Dow, James (1997). The Arrow. James Lorimer & Company. ISBN 978-1-55028-554-3.
  2. "Intrusions, Overflights, Shootdowns and Defections During the Cold War and Thereafter". myplace.frontier.com. Retrieved 2018-12-26.
  3. Gordon, p. 105
  4. Gordon, pp. 105–06
  5. Gordon, pp. 106–07
  6. Gordon, p. 107
  7. Gordon, Yefim; Rigmant, Vladimir (2005). OKB Tupolev (1st ed.). Hinkley: Midland Publishing. pp. 104–107. ISBN 1-85780-214-4.

Bibliography


Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tupolev Tu-70.

На других языках

[de] Tupolew Tu-70

Die Tupolew Tu-70 (russisch Туполев Ту-70, NATO-Codename Cart) war eine Passagierversion des Tu-4-Bombers des sowjetischen Konstruktionsbüros Tupolew.[1][2] Die Tu-4 selbst war ein Nachbau der US-amerikanischen Boeing B-29.
- [en] Tupolev Tu-70

[fr] Tupolev Tu-70

Le Tupolev Tu-70 (Code OTAN : Cart) est un avion de ligne soviétique dérivé du bombardier Tu-4 (qui était une copie rétro-ingénierie du Boeing B-29 Superfortress), conçu dès la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. L'avion effectue son premier vol le 27 novembre 1946[1] et les essais sont réalisés avec succès. Toutefois, l'avion n'a jamais été produit en série. Le prototype, seul Tu-70 construit, a été démoli en 1954.

[it] Tupolev Tu-70

Il Tupolev Tu-70 (in caratteri cirillici Туполев Ту-70, nome in codice NATO Cart[2]) era un quadrimotore da trasporto passeggeri di linea ad ala bassa progettato dall'OKB 156 diretto da Andrej Nikolaevič Tupolev e sviluppato in Unione Sovietica nella seconda parte degli anni quaranta.

[ru] Ту-70

Ту-70 — прототип пассажирского самолёта, модификация бомбардировщика Ту-4 (являющегося полной копией американского бомбардировщика В-29) с герметическими кабинами, вмещающими 72 пассажира.


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