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The Tupolev I-14 (also designated ANT-31) was a Soviet fighter aircraft of the 1930s. It was a single-engined, single-seat monoplane with retractable undercarriage, designed to carry heavy armament, and as such was one of the most advanced fighters of its time. It was ordered into production, but this was cancelled after only a small number had been built, the competing Polikarpov I-16 being preferred.

I-14 / ANT-31
Role Fighter
National origin Soviet Union
Manufacturer Tupolev
First flight 27 May 1933
Introduction 1935
Primary user Soviet Air Force
Number built 20

Development and design


In 1932, the Soviet Air Force developed a requirement for a high-speed monoplane fighter to serve alongside agile but slower biplane fighters.[1] In order to meet this requirement, the Tupolev design bureau assigned a team led by Pavel Sukhoi. Sukhoi's team produced the ANT-31, a low-wing monoplane with an unbraced cantilever wing, retractable undercarriage, an enclosed cockpit and heavy cannon armament.

The aircraft had a metal monocoque fuselage, while the wings were of corrugated metal construction. The mainwheels of the conventional landing gear retracted backwards into the wing, being operated by cables driven by a handwheel turned by the pilot. The first prototype was powered by an imported 433 kW (580 hp) Bristol Mercury radial engine enclosed by an NACA cowling and driving a two-bladed wooden propeller. It was armed with a single PV-1 machine gun, with provision for two Kurchevsky APK-37 recoilless autocannon under the wing.[2][3]

The ANT-31, given the air force designation I-14 (Istrebitel – fighter), made its maiden flight on 27 May 1933. It proved agile but difficult to handle, and with the supercharged Mercury was underpowered, particularly at low altitude.[3][4] It was therefore decided to build a second prototype, the I-14bis (also known as the ANT-31bis and the I-142 with a more powerful (531 kW (712 kp) Wright Cyclone engine, also imported, an uncorrugated wing and a new undercarriage. The I-14bis demonstrated excellent performance, although handling was still difficult, and an order was placed for production of 55 aircraft, to be powered by the Shvetsov M-25, a licensed version of the Cyclone, with an armament of two 45 mm (1.8 in) Kurchevsky APK-11 recoilless cannons and two ShKAS machine guns.[3][4]


Operational history


Deliveries began from the GAZ-125 factory at Irkutsk, Siberia[5] in November 1936.[4] The aircraft's armament had changed to a single ShKAS machine gun and a 20 mm ShVAK cannon[6] as Kurchevsky's recoilless guns had fallen out of favour (with Kurchevsky himself soon to be arrested).[7] By this time, the rival Polikarpov I-16 fighter was well established in production and service, and production of the I-14 was stopped after 18 had been built, the type soon being phased out of service.[3]


Operators


 Soviet Union

Specifications (production I-14)


Data from Tupolev: The Man and His Aircraft[8]

General characteristics

Performance

Armament


See also


Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era


Notes


  1. Gunston 1995, p.301.
  2. Gunston 1995, pp. 401–402.
  3. Duffy and Kandalov 1996, p.75.
  4. Gunston 1995, p.402.
  5. Gunston 1995, p.XXXII.
  6. Williams and Gustin 2003, p.309.
  7. Gunston 1995, p.XIV.
  8. Duffy and Kandalov 1996, p.209.

References


Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tupolev I-14.

На других языках

[de] Tupolew I-14

Die Tupolew I-14 (russisch Туполев И-14, auch: ANT-31, АНТ-31) war ein sowjetisches Jagdflugzeug; es wurde von Pawel Suchoi entworfen, der zu jener Zeit im zum ZAGI gehörenden Konstruktionsteam von Andrei Tupolew arbeitete.
- [en] Tupolev I-14

[fr] Tupolev I-14

Le Tupolev I-14 également connu sous le nom ANT-31 est un avion de chasse soviétique des années 1930. C'est un monoplan, monomoteur, monoplace à train rétractable. Il n'a été construit qu'en petite quantité, l'URSS ayant finalement privilégié le Polikarpov I-16 comme avion de chasse.

[it] Tupolev ANT-31

Il Tupolev ANT-31 (in cirillico Туполев АНТ-31) era un aereo da caccia monoplano, progettato intorno alla metà degli anni trenta in Unione Sovietica dallo TsAGI, all'epoca diretto da Andrej Nikolaevič Tupolev.

[ru] И-14

И-14 (АНТ-31) истребитель четырнадцатый — советский цельнометаллический истребитель. АНТ-31 стал первым в СССР и вторым в мире серийным истребителем с убирающимся шасси, после Lockheed YP-24, прообраза Consolidated P-30. Серийный истребитель, созданный конструкторской бригадой Павла Осиповича Сухого в Конструкторском отделе Сектора опытного самолётостроения (КОСОС) под общим руководством А. Н. Туполева. Впервые поднялся в воздух на полгода прежде И-16 бригады Н. Н. Поликарпова в ЦКБ-39.


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