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The Martin M-130 was a commercial flying boat designed and built in 1935 by the Glenn L. Martin Company in Baltimore, Maryland, for Pan American Airways. Three were built: the China Clipper, the Philippine Clipper and the Hawaii Clipper. All three had crashed by 1945. A similar flying boat, (the Martin 156), named Russian Clipper, built for the Soviet Union, had a larger wing (giving it greater range) and twin vertical stabilizers.

M-130
China Clipper in 1935
Role	Flying Boat Type of aircraft
Manufacturer	Glenn L. Martin Company
First flight	December 30, 1934
Introduction	November 22, 1935
Status	None, all destroyed
Primary user	Pan American Airways
Number built	3

Martin named them the Martin Ocean Transports, but to the public they were the "China Clippers", a name that became a generic term for Pan Am's large flying boats - including, retroactively, the smaller Sikorsky S-42 (first flown in 1931) and larger Boeing 314 (first flown in 1938).[1]

Operational history

Designed to meet Pan American World Airways President Juan Trippe's desire for a trans-Pacific aircraft,[2] the M-130 was an all-metal flying boat with streamlined aerodynamics and engines powerful enough to meet Pan Am's specified range and payload. They were sold at US$417,000. The first flight was on December 30, 1934.[3] On November 22, 1935, the China Clipper, piloted by Captain Edwin C. Musick and First Officer R.O.D. Sullivan, flew the first trans-Pacific airmail route.[1] A postage stamp, Scott Catalog C-20, was printed for use on the transpacific service. With extended service, two more denominations were later issued. All three have the same design showing the M-130 in flight.

Weekly passenger flights across the Pacific Ocean began in October 1936 when Hawaii Clipper left San Francisco for Manila, stopping overnight at Honolulu, Midway Island, Wake Island and Guam. An S-42 began flying the Manila-Hong Kong route in 1937, and the Martins replaced it in 1938.[1]

In July 1938, Hawaii Clipper disappeared between Guam and Manila with the loss of nine crew and six passengers. No cause was determined.[4]

Their range and capacity made them valuable for trans-ocean military flights during World War II. Beginning in 1942, the two remaining planes were pressed into transport roles for the United States Navy.

The Philippine Clipper was on a civilian flight when it encountered – and survived – the surprise Japanese attack on Wake Island in December 1941, following the attack on Pearl Harbor.[5][6] It crashed in January 1943, between Ukiah and Boonville, California on a flight from Honolulu. ComSubPac Admiral Robert H. English and 18 others were killed.[7]

In January 1945 the China Clipper left Miami on Pan Am's first scheduled flight to what is now Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The route went via Brazil before crossing the South Atlantic Ocean, but the last surviving M-130 did not complete the flight. It broke up and sank during landing at Port of Spain, in the West Indies islands of British colonies of Trinidad and Tobago on January 8, killing 23 of those on board.[8]

Martin 130 aircraft of Pan American Airways[9]

Name	Image	Registration	Delivered	Lost
Hawaii Clipper		NC14714	March 3, 1936	July 28, 1938 [10][11]
Philippine Clipper		NC14715	November 14, 1935	January 21, 1943
China Clipper		NC14716	October 9, 1935	January 8, 1945[12]

Specifications (Martin M-130)

Data from ^{[citation needed]}

General characteristics

• Crew: six-nine (Captain, First Officer, Junior Flight Officer, Engineering Officer, Assistant Engineering Officer, Radio Operator, Navigation Officer, plus cabin stewards)
• Capacity: 36 day, 18 night passengers
• Length: 90 ft 10.5 in (27.7 m)
• Wingspan: 130 ft 0 in (39.7 m)
• Height: 24 ft 7 in (7.5 m)
• Max takeoff weight: 52,252 lb (23,701 kg)
• Powerplant: 4 × Pratt & Whitney R-1830-S2A5G Twin Wasp 14-cylinder radial engines, 830 hp (708 kW) each later 950 hp with hydromatic propellers

Performance

• Maximum speed: 180 mph (290 km/h, 160 kn)
• Cruise speed: 130 mph (209 km/h, 110 kn)
• Range: 3,200 mi (5,150 km, 2,800 nmi)
• Service ceiling: 10,000 ft (3,048 m)

See also

Related development

• Martin 156

Related lists

• List of aircraft of World War II
• List of flying boats and floatplanes

References

Bibliography

• Davies, Ed (May–June 2000). "Clipper to China: Pan Am's Martin 130s in the Pacific, Part Two". Air Enthusiast. No. 87. pp. 2–8. ISSN 0143-5450.
• "Specifications of American Airplanes". Aviation. Vol. 36, no. 4. April 1937. pp. 66–71.

External links

• Martin M-130 photo gallery at the University of Miami Library
• "China Clipper is Giant of Pacific Air Fleet" Popular Mechanics, January 1936

На других языках

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[de] Martin M-130

Die Martin M-130 war ein viermotoriges Verkehrsflugboot des US-amerikanischen Herstellers Glenn L. Martin Company aus den 1930er Jahren. Die drei gebauten Maschinen wurden von Pan American Airways (Pan Am) eingesetzt und flogen auf der Pazifikroute von San Francisco nach Manila. Sie trugen die Namen China Clipper, Philippine Clipper und Hawaii Clipper. Ein ähnliches Flugboot (die Martin 156), genannt Russian Clipper, das für die Sowjetunion gebaut wurde, hatte einen größeren Flügel, der ihm eine größere Reichweite gab, und zwei Seitenleitwerke.

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- [en] Martin M-130

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[fr] Martin M-130

Le Martin M-130 est un hydravion conçu et fabriqué par la Glenn L. Martin Company à Baltimore, Maryland, pour la Pan Am (Pan American Airways) dans les années 1930. Seulement trois avions ont été construits : le China Clipper, le Philippine Clipper et le Hawaii Clipper. Un quatrième avion baptisé Russian Clipper fut construit pour l'Union soviétique sur le même modèle que les 3 autres, mais avec une envergure plus grande.

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[it] Martin M-130

Il Martin M-130 era un idrovolante quadrimotore di linea a scafo centrale ed ala alta prodotto dall'azienda statunitense Glenn L. Martin Company negli anni trenta.

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[ru] Martin M-130

Martin M-130 (130 — размах крыла в футах) — транспортная летающая лодка, созданная компанией Glenn L. Martin Company в 1935 году по заказу авиакомпании Pan American Airways. Первый в мире самолёт, начавший выполнять регулярные рейсы через Тихий океан. Всего было построено три экземпляра; имя первого построенного M-130 — China Clipper, — стало названием всей серии, а также прозвищем других больших летающих лодок (включая Sikorsky S-42  (англ.) (рус. и Boeing 314). К 1945 году все три самолёта были потеряны в катастрофах[1].

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