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The de Havilland PS.23 or PS.52 Gyron, originally the Halford H-4, was Frank Halford's last turbojet design while working for de Havilland. Intended to outpower any design then under construction, the Gyron was the most powerful engine of its era, producing 20,000 lbf (89 kN) "dry", and 27,000 lbf (120 kN) with afterburner ("reheat" in British terminology).

Gyron
de Havilland Gyron at the de Havilland Aircraft Museum
Type	Turbojet
Manufacturer	de Havilland Engine Company
First run	1953
Major applications	Hawker P.1121 (not built)
Developed into	de Havilland Gyron Junior

The design proved too powerful for contemporary aircraft designs and saw no production use. It was later scaled down to 45% of its original size to produce the de Havilland Gyron Junior, which was somewhat more successful.[1]

Design and development

The Gyron was Halford's first axial-flow design, a complete departure from his earlier centrifugal-flow engines based on Whittle-like designs, the Goblin (H-1) and Ghost (H-2). The Gyron was also one of the first engines designed specifically for supersonic flight.

The Gyron first ran in 1953. Flight testing started in 1955 on a modified Short Sperrin, a bomber design that was instead turned into an experimental aircraft. The Sperrin used four Rolls-Royce Avons, mounted in over/under pairs in a single pod on each wing. For testing, the lower Avons were replaced with the much larger Gyrons. Flight rating was 18,000 lbf (80,000 N). In 1955 the DGy.1 received an official rating of 15,000 lbf (67,000 N).[2] Addition of a reheat section boosted output to 20,000 lbf (89,000 N) and then 25,000 lbf (110,000 N) in the DGy.2

The Gyron was selected for a number of projects, most notably the Hawker P.1121 (sometimes referred to as the Hurricane) supersonic attack aircraft that was to have been the replacement for the Hawker Hunter. However, this project was eventually cancelled. Another design potentially based on the Gyron was the Operational Requirement F.155 interceptor, which optionally used the Rolls-Royce RB.106. F.155 was also cancelled, part of the 1957 Defence White Paper. Government financial support of the Gyron project itself was cancelled in March 1957, at a reported total cost of £3.4 million.[3][2]

Engines on display

An example of the Gyron is held by the Science Museum, London, another is on public display at the de Havilland Aircraft Museum, St Albans.

Specifications (Gyron D.Gy.2)

Data from Aircraft engines of the World 1957.[4]

General characteristics

• Type: Turbojet
• Length: 154 in (3.9 m)
• Diameter: 46.25 in (1.175 m)
• Dry weight: 3,500 lb (1,600 kg)

Components

• Compressor: Seven-stage axial flow
• Combustors: Annular combustion chamber with 16 duplex burners
• Turbine: Two-stage axial-flow
• Fuel type: Aviation Kerosene / JP-4
• Oil system: Pressure spray at 40–50 psi (280–340 kPa) with scavenge

Performance

• Maximum thrust: 20,000 lbf (89 kN) at 6,400 rpm static
• Overall pressure ratio: 6:1
• Air mass flow: 320 lb/s (150 kg/s)
• Specific fuel consumption: 1.00 lb/lbf/h (0.028 kg/N/ks) at maximum thrust subsonic
• Thrust-to-weight ratio: 5.88

See also

Related development

• de Havilland Gyron Junior

Comparable engines

• Orenda Iroquois

Related lists

• List of aircraft engines

References

External links

• Photo of DH Gyron at DH Heritage Centre

На других языках

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- [en] De Havilland Gyron

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[es] De Havilland Gyron

El de Havilland PS.23 o PS.52 Gyron, originalmente denominado Halford H-4, fue el último diseño de turborreactor de Frank Halford mientras trabajaba para de Havilland. Pensado para desarrollar más potencia que cualquier otro diseño en producción, el Gyron fue el reactor más potente de su época, produciendo 9.000 kgf de empuje "en seco", y 12.200 con postquemador. El motor era en realidad demasiado grande para la mayoría de los usos de le época, y no entró en producción. Más tarde se desarrolló un modelo a escala reducida en un 43%, dando como resultado el de Havilland Gyron Junior, el cual tuvo más éxito.[1]

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[fr] De Havilland Gyron

Le De Havilland PS.23 ou PS.52 Gyron, initialement connu sous la désignation Halford H-4, fut le dernier turboréacteur conçu par Frank Halford quand il travaillait pour De Havilland. Conçu pour surpasser tout ce qui pouvait alors exister ou être en construction, le Gyron fut le moteur le plus puissant de son époque, produisant une poussée de 89 kN à sec et 120 kN avec la postcombustion allumée (que les Britanniques désignent plutôt « réchauffe »). Ce moteur était toutefois beaucoup trop gros pour pouvoir être réellement utilisé à l'intérieur d'un avion, et il ne fut jamais produit en série. Il fut cependant conçu plus tard un modèle réduit de ce moteur, le Gyron Junior, qui ne représentait que 45 % du moteur original, et qui connût un succès bien plus important[1].

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