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The Westinghouse J46 is an afterburning turbojet engine that was developed to power several United States Navy aircraft in the 1950s. It was intended to power the improved, swept wing, F3D-3 Skyknight (swept-wing version[1] ultimately canceled). It also powered the F2Y Sea Dart and the F7U Cutlass jets, and Walt Arfon's Wingfoot Express[2][3] land speed-record car.

J46
J46-WE-8 cutaway
Type	Afterburning Turbojet
National origin	United States
Manufacturer	Westinghouse Aviation Gas Turbine Division
Major applications	Convair F2Y Sea Dart Vought F7U Cutlass
Developed from	Westinghouse J34

Design and development

The J46 engine was developed as a larger, more powerful version of Westinghouse's J34 engine, about 50% larger. The Westinghouse model number was a continuation of the "X24C" series of the J34. The model number assigned was X24C10, even though the J46 differed in many design features from the smaller J34. It was seen as a lower development risk than the Westinghouse J40 which was in parallel development at the same time.

The development program ran into many problems with this engine, including the original electronic control system, compressor/turbine mismatches, combustion instability and control issues at altitude leading to compressor stalling The produced -8, -8A and -8B engines were all derated from the original design specification on both thrust and specific fuel consumption.[4]

The engine's 12-stage compressor was driven by two turbine stages on a single shaft. Early development engines included a simple "eyelid" afterburner, actuated by control rods that ran the length of the engine. By the time the engine reached production, the rear nozzle had an iris-type "petal" design. The same long control rods now pushed or pulled a ring that ran on rollers, which in turn opened or closed the iris. The original design, using an electronic control system, would have allowed continuous adjustment of afterburner thrust from minimum to maximum. This was abandoned when the electronic control could not be made acceptably reliable; the final afterburner was an "ON/OFF" unit.

Variants

J46-WE-2

J46-WE-3

3,980 lbf (18.15 kN) thrust[5] Was to be used the Douglas X-3 Stiletto. Failed to exit testing due to thrust shortfalls.

J46-WE-4/-10

3,980 lbf (20.02 kN) thrust[5] The non-A/B version of the J46-WE-2/-8B. Intended for the Douglas F3D-3 SkyKnight but did not go into production because of schedule slippage and the F3D-3 cancellation.

J46-WE-8

J46-WE-8A

This variant powered the F7U-3 Cutlass and produced 5,500/5,800 lbf of A/B thrust. All -8A engines were upgraded to the -8B build standard after being produced.

J46-WE-8B

The F7U-3 was equipped with two J46-WE-8B turbojets giving a 680 mph (1,095 km/h) max speed.[6] This variant also powered the Harvey Hustler, a speed boat designed to go faster than 275 mph.[7]

J46-WE-8

3,980 lbf (20.46 kN) (5,800 lbf (27.13 kN) thrust with afterburner)[5] This variant powered both the F7U-3 and F7U-3M, the missile-capable Cutlass.

J46-WE-12

This variant powered the F2Y Sea Dart hydroski aircraft. Basically identical to the -8/-8B, the aircraft was equipped with a fresh water spray system that flushed salt deposits out of the engine before takeoff and after shutdown.[8]

J46-WE-18

This variant produced an increased 6,100 lbf (27.1 kN) of A/B thrust for the proposed A2U-1 attack aircraft, an attack variant of the F7U. This variant was canceled with the aircraft program.[8][9]

Applications

• Convair F2Y Sea Dart
• Douglas X-3 Stiletto (intended)
• Vought F7U Cutlass

Surviving engines

This section does not cite any sources. (September 2018)

• Carolinas Aviation Museum, - four units in storage, three came from Florida. Also have two afterburner units, not attached to engines.
• Wings Over the Rockies Air and Space Museum, - two units including a -8 cutaway on display (see photo above)
• Project Cutlass, Phoenix Arizona, - six units, including two airworthy engines with afterburners
• Hiller Aviation Museum, cutaway exhibit engine
• Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum, Exhibit 1971-0911, J46-WE-8B, Serial WE405773, 15 total running hours, including acceptance testing and 3 flights in an F7U-3. In storage.
• Green Mamba dragster owned by Doug Rose in Tampa, Florida^{[citation needed]}
• No -1, -2, -3, -5, -12 or -18 engines are known to exist

Specifications (J46-WE-8)

Data from [4][10]

General characteristics

• Type: afterburning turbojet
• Length: 198 in (5.0 m)
• Diameter: 28 in (0.86 m)
• Dry weight: 2116 lb (952.5 kg)

Components

• Compressor: single-spool, 12-stage axial
• Combustors: annular, walking stick evaporators
• Turbine: 2-stage turbine
• Fuel type: JP-4, JP3 or avgas
• Oil system: wet sump in accessories gearcase, 3.25 US gallons (12.3 l)

Performance

• Maximum thrust: 3,980 pounds-force (17.7 kN) dry, 5,800 pounds-force (26 kN)) afterburning. A "modernization" program replaced many parts on production J46-WE-8B and J46-WE-8 engines to give higher thrust and longer turbine life. On tests fully modernized engines approached 6,000 pounds-force (27 kN)) of thrust. No updated specification was issued to cover such engines. Thrusts and SFC's here are for the official approved specification guarantees.
• Overall pressure ratio: 5.32:1
• Air mass flow: 73 lb/s (33 kg/s)
• Turbine inlet temperature: 1,525 °F (829 °C)
• Specific fuel consumption: 1.088 lb/(lbf⋅h) (30.8 g/(kN⋅s)) dry; 2.40 lb/(lbf⋅h) (68 g/(kN⋅s)) wet
• Thrust-to-weight ratio: 2.3:1 dry, 2.9:1 afterburning

See also

Related development

• Westinghouse J34
• Westinghouse J40

Related lists

• List of aircraft engines

References

Notes

Bibliography

На других языках

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- [en] Westinghouse J46

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[fr] Westinghouse J46

Le Westinghouse J46 était un turboréacteur à postcombustion américain qui fut développé par Westinghouse Aviation Gas Turbine Division (en) pour propulser de nombreux avions de la marine militaire américaine dans les années 1950. Il devait servir de groupe propulseur à l'avion F3D-3 Skyknight[2] (version avec les ailes en flèche), qui fut finalement abandonné. Il équipa également les F2Y Sea Dart et F7U Cutlass, ainsi que la Wingfoot Express (en)[3], un véhicule de records qui parvint à atteindre 665 km/h et battit ainsi le record de vitesse terrestre le 2 octobre 1964.

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[it] Westinghouse J46

Il Westinghouse J46 era un motore aeronautico turbogetto dotato di postbruciatore sviluppato negli anni cinquanta per diversi aeroplani della United States Navy.

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