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China Northwest Airlines Flight 2303 was a domestic flight from Xi'an to Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.[1] On June 6, 1994, the aircraft operating the flight, a Tupolev Tu-154M, broke up in-flight and crashed as a result of an autopilot malfunction which caused violent shaking and overstressed the airframe.[2] All 160 people on board were killed.[2][3][4] As of 2022, it remains the deadliest airplane crash ever in mainland China.[5]

China Northwest Airlines Flight 2303
B-2610, the aircraft involved, in CAAC livery in 1988
Accident
DateJune 6, 1994
SummaryMechanical failure due to improper maintenance
SiteNear Xi'an, China
34°16′N 108°54′E
Aircraft
Aircraft typeTupolev Tu-154M
OperatorChina Northwest Airlines
IATA flight No.WH2303
ICAO flight No.CNW2303
Call signCHINA NORTHWEST 2303
RegistrationB-2610
Flight originXianyang Airport (XIY/ZLXY), China
DestinationGuangzhou Baiyun International Airport (former) (CAN/ZGGG), China
Occupants160
Passengers146
Crew14
Fatalities160
Survivors0

Aircraft


The aircraft was a Tupolev Tu-154M (registration B-2610, factory 86A740, serial no. 0740). It was completed by the Kuibyshev Aviation Plant (KuAPO) on December 22, 1986, and was immediately transferred to the Civil Aviation Administration of China (CAAC). On July 1, 1988, due to reorganization, CAAC transferred the aircraft to China Northwest Airlines. The aircraft was powered with three Soloviev D-30KU-154-II low-bypass turbofan engines from the Rybinsk Engine Plant. On the day of the accident, the aircraft had 12,507 flying hours and 6,651 takeoff and landing cycles.[6]


Passengers and crew



Crew


The flight crew consisted of captain Li Gangqiang, faculty captain Xin Tiancai, first officer Yang Min, pilot Zhang Nanjing, and flight engineer Kang Youfa. There were also nine flight attendants on board.[3][7][citation needed]


Passengers


Nationality Passengers[citation needed] Crew[citation needed] Total
 China 133 14 147
 Italy 4 0 4
 Hong Kong 3 0 3
 United States 2 0 2
 United Kingdom 2 0 2
 Taiwan 1 0 1
  Swiss 1 0 1
Total 146 14 160

Accident


The aircraft took off from Xi'an Xianyang International Airport at 8:13 on June 6, 1994. At the time, it was raining, but this did not cause a delay in departure.

Twenty-four seconds after take-off, the crew reported that the aircraft was "floating" and making an abnormal sound, but were still able to maintain a speed of 400 km/h (220 kn; 250 mph).[8] Three minutes after take-off, the plane flew over Xi'an City and turned southeast.[9] The crew then reported an unstable pitch-up to 20° and 30° at 8:16:24 and 8:16:58, respectively.

At 8:17:06, while over Mingdu Township, Chang'an County, Shaanxi, the aircraft became unable to maintain its assigned attitude. The crew then temporarily engaged the autopilot, which unexpectedly caused the aircraft to turn right. At 8:22:27, with the aircraft travelling at 373 kilometres per hour (232 mph), the stall warning activated. The aircraft then banked dangerously to the left, and dropped from 4,717 metres (15,476 ft) feet to 2,884 metres (9,462 ft) in 12 seconds, at a speed of 747 km/h (403 kn; 464 mph).

At 8:22:42, the aircraft disintegrated in mid-air above the suburb of Tsuitou Village, Mingyu Township.[10] All 146 passengers and 14 crew died, most on impact.[11] Wreckage landed to the southeast of the airport, scattered over 18 miles (29 km) of farmland.


Investigation


Poor maintenance was the probable cause of the accident. The previous evening, the autopilot yaw-channel had been erroneously connected to the bank control, and the bank-channel to the yaw controls, while undergoing maintenance at an unapproved facility.[5][6][12]


Aftermath


This crash, as well as the crash of China Southwest Airlines Flight 4509 in 1999, resulted in China's decision to retire the Tupolev Tu-154. All Tu-154s in China were removed from service on October 30, 2002.[13] In 2003, China Northwest airlines merged into China Eastern Airlines. Flight 2303 is still in use by China Eastern Airlines for their Xian-Guangzhou flight.[14][15]


See also



References


  1. "Airline Crashes in China". The New York Times. Associated Press. June 6, 1994. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 31, 2014.
  2. "Accident database". Airdisaster.com. Archived from the original on 2012-07-21. Retrieved 2021-03-16.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  3. Tyler, Patrick E (June 7, 1994). "Jet Crash in China Kills 160; Another Flight Is Hijacked". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 31, 2014.
  4. News report from the Kingston Gleaner. NewspaperArchive.com
  5. Accident description at the Aviation Safety Network
  6. "✈ russianplanes.net ✈ наша авиация" [✈ russianplanes.net ✈ our aircraft]. russianplanes.net (in Russian). Retrieved 2017-01-18.
  7. "All 160 on board plane killed in China's worst air crash". New Straits Times. June 7, 1994. Retrieved July 31, 2014.
  8. "西北航空公司Ty—154M型B2610号飞机空难事故" [China Northwest Airlines Tu-154M B-2610 aircraft crash] (in Chinese). 中國安全生產培訓網 (China Safety Production Training Network). Archived from the original on 2014-02-23. Retrieved 2014-02-20.
  9. "6.6空难纪实" [6.6 Air crash documentary] (in Chinese). China Civil Aviation Maintenance Association. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2014-02-20.
  10. "首家报道"6·6"空难" [The first report "6·6" air crash] (in Chinese). 三秦都市報 (Sanqin Metropolis Daily). 2008-12-28. Retrieved 2014-02-20.
  11. 军虎 (Junhu), 邓 (Deng) (1996). "西安"六·六"空难的法医学鉴定" [Forensic Identification of the "June Six" Air Disaster in Xi'an]. 法医学杂志 (Forensic Journal) (in Chinese) (1). Retrieved 2014-02-20.
  12. "央视《新闻调查》--关注飞行安全" [CCTV "News Investigation"--Focus on Flight Safety] (in Chinese). 新聞調查 (News survey). 2002-05-24. Retrieved 2014-02-20.
  13. "曾是前苏联骄傲 图-154昨从中国民航"退役"" [Once the pride of the former Soviet Union, Tu-154 was "retired" from Chinese civil aviation yesterday.]. www.southcn.com (in Chinese). 南方網 (Southern Network). 2002-11-01. Retrieved 2014-02-20.
  14. "(MU) China Eastern Airlines 2303 Flight Status". FlightStats. Retrieved 2017-01-18.
  15. "China Eastern (MU) #2303 ✈ FlightAware". Retrieved 2014-02-20.

На других языках


[de] China-Northwest-Airlines-Flug 2303

Am 6. Juni 1994 stürzte eine Tupolew Tu-154 kurz nach dem Start vom Flughafen Xi’an-Xianyang auf dem China-Northwest-Airlines-Flug 2303 von Xianyang nach Guangzhou ab. Alle 160 Insassen starben beim schwersten Flugzeugabsturz in China.
- [en] China Northwest Airlines Flight 2303

[it] Volo China Northwest Airlines 2303

Il volo China Northwest Airlines 2303 era un volo passeggeri di linea nazionale da Xi'an a Canton, nella Repubblica popolare cinese.[1][2] Il 6 giugno 1994, un Tupolev Tu-154M operante su tale rotta si disintegrò in volo e precipitò a seguito di un malfunzionamento del pilota automatico che causò scosse violente e sovraccaricò la cellula. Tutte le 160 persone a bordo perirono nello schianto. La manutenzione inadeguata è stata ritenuta la causa. Al 2022, rimane l'incidente aereo con più vittime mai avvenuto nella storia della Cina continentale.[3]

[ru] Катастрофа Ту-154 под Сианем

Катастрофа Ту-154 под Сианем — крупная авиационная катастрофа, произошедшая в понедельник 6 июня 1994 года. Авиалайнер Ту-154М авиакомпании China Northwest Airlines выполнял внутренний рейс WH2303 по маршруту Сиань—Гуанчжоу, но через 9 минут после взлёта рассыпался на части и рухнул на землю в 29 километрах от аэропорта Сианя. Погибли все находившиеся на его борту 160 человек — 146 пассажиров и 14 членов экипажа.



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