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Loftleiðir Icelandic Airlines Flight 001, a charter flight, was a Douglas DC-8 that crashed on 15 November 1978, on approach to the international airport in Colombo, Sri Lanka. The crash killed 8 of the 13 Icelandic crew members, 5 reserve crew members, and 170 (mostly Indonesian) Muslim pilgrims from South Borneo out of a total of 262 passengers and crew.[1] The official report by Sri Lankan authorities determined the probable cause of the crash to be failure of the crew to conform to approach procedures; however, American^{[citation needed]} and Icelandic authorities claimed faulty equipment at the airport and air traffic control error as the reasons for the crash.[2]

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Loftleiðir Icelandic Airlines Flight 001

A DC-8 similar to the one involved.
Accident
Date	15 November 1978
Summary	Controlled flight into terrain caused by faulty airport equipment along with crew and ATC error
Site	Katunayake, Sri Lanka
Aircraft
Aircraft type	Douglas DC-8-63CF
Aircraft name	Leifur Eiríksson
Operator	Icelandic Airlines operating for Garuda Indonesia
IATA flight No.	LL001
Call sign	LIMA LIMA 001
Registration	TF-FLA
Flight origin	Jeddah International Airport, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Stopover	Bandaranaike International Airport, Colombo, Sri Lanka
Destination	Juanda International Airport, Surabaya, Indonesia
Occupants	262
Passengers	249
Crew	13
Fatalities	183
Injuries	32
Survivors	79

With 183 fatalities, the crash of Flight LL001 is the deadliest crash involving an Icelandic airline, and the second deadliest in Sri Lankan aviation history after Martinair Flight 138, another chartered DC-8, which crashed four years earlier.[1][2][3]

Aircraft

The aircraft involved in the incident was a DC-8 chartered from the Icelandic airline Loftleiðir for Hajj operations; the aircraft's registration number was TF-FLA, and its name was "Leifur Eiríksson".[4]

Accident

The aircraft was chartered by Garuda Indonesia. On 15 November it operated as flight LL001 from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, to Surabaya, Indonesia. All 13 crew members were Icelandic. There were 249 passengers, the majority being residents of Indonesia who had made the hajj to Mecca and were returning home.[5]

The flight departed Jeddah for Surabaya with a planned stop at Bandaranaike International Airport in Colombo, Sri Lanka, for refueling and crew rotation. Thunderstorms were in the area, and windshear was an issue.[6]^: 31–32 At 22:53:24 local time, the control center informed the aircraft's crew that they would be landing on runway 04. In response, the crew requested a landing on runway 22. The controller approved the request and gave instructions for an ILS landing on runway 22. The aircraft then descended to flight level (FL) 220, reaching that height around 140 km (90 mi) from the airport.[6]^: 1

At 23:06:32 local time, the crew contacted the airport’s radar control center, which cleared the flight to descend to an altitude of 610 metres (2,000 ft). and then follow control's instructions to perform an approach to landing on runway 22. The dispatcher also gave the crew instructions to report when they had reached the radio beacon, which the crew acknowledged receiving but did not confirm. The radar controller periodically transmitted distance and altitude data to the aircraft. The last radio message from the controller was given at 23:27:26: "Lima, Lima 001, slightly to the left of centre line, very slightly to the left of centre line, 3.2 kilometres (2 mi) from touch-down, height 200 metres (650 ft), cleared to land off this approach." At 23:27:37, the crew replied, "Roger."[6]^: 2

When the approach controller subsequently acquired a visual on Flight 001, the aircraft was descending dangerously towards the ground. The controller warned the flight: "Lima, Lima 001, you are undershooting." However, the crew was then speaking with the radar controller on another frequency, and so did not receive the advisory. The approach controller then lost sight of the DC-8, after which he saw an explosion. At 23:28:03, the DC-8 crashed into a rubber and coconut plantation and exploded. The left wing tip struck the coconut trees first breaking it apart, the aircraft then banked 40 degrees to port and impacted the ground virtually disintegrating the forward fuselage, the remaining fuselage cart-wheeled out of control and split up into 6 pieces coming to a stop 146 metres (478 ft) past the initial point of impact.[6]^: 2 The crash site was located 2.1463 kilometres (1.1589 nmi) from runway 22 and 31.44 metres (103.15 ft) off the right side of the runway's extended center line.[6]^: 2 As the first witness to the crash, the approach controller immediately informed his colleagues of the incident.

Within half an hour, 5 fire trucks arrived at the crash site. The rescue operation was hampered by the presence of many coconut palm trees, which prevented access to many large pieces of equipment. One of the rescue team members was the acting head of Sri Lanka's civil aviation authority. While assisting in the rescue, he managed to document the instrument readings and took photographs necessary for the investigation.[6]^: 2

A total of 183 people were killed in the crash: 8 crew members and 175 passengers. Survivors totaled 79: 32 people (4 crew members and 28 passengers) received non-fatal injuries, while 47 people (1 crew member and 46 passengers) were uninjured.[6]^: 3

See also

• List of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft
• Martinair Flight 138
• Turkish Airlines Flight 6491

References

External links

• Civil Aviation Authority of Sri Lanka
  • Final report (Archive) (Non-PDF version with appendices)

На других языках

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[de] Loftleiðir-Flug 001

Am 15. November 1978 verunfallte auf dem Loftleiðir-Flug 001 (Flugnummer: LL001) eine im Auftrag der Garuda Indonesia im Charterflug betriebene Douglas DC-8-63CF der Loftleiðir im Landeanflug auf den Bandaranaike International Airport in Sri Lanka. Bei dem Unglück kamen 183 der 262 Insassen ums Leben. Es handelte sich seinerzeit um den zweitschwersten Unfall einer Douglas DC-8.

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- [en] Icelandic Airlines Flight 001

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[fr] Vol Icelandic Airlines 001

Le Vol Icelandic Airlines 001, était un vol assuré par Icelandic Airlines pour la compagnie Garuda Indonesia. L'appareil était un Douglas DC-8 qui décolla de Djeddah en Arabie saoudite à destination de Surabaya en Indonésie via Colombo au Sri Lanka.

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[it] Volo Icelandic Airlines 001

Il volo Icelandic Airlines 001 era un volo charter da Gedda, Arabia Saudita, diretto a Surabaya, Indonesia, con scalo a Colombo, Sri Lanka. Il 15 novembre 1978, un Douglas DC-8 operante su tale rotta, si schianta durante l'avvicinamento all'aeroporto internazionale di Colombo.[2][3] Nell'incidente muoiono 8 dei 13 membri dell'equipaggio islandese, 5 membri dell'equipaggio di riserva e 170 pellegrini musulmani (per lo più indonesiani ) su un totale di 262 occupanti.[4] Il rapporto ufficiale delle autorità dello Sri Lanka ha stabilito che la probabile causa dell'incidente è stata la mancata conformità dell'equipaggio alle procedure di avvicinamento; tuttavia, le autorità americane e islandesi hanno rivendicato attrezzature difettose all'aeroporto ed errori del controllore del traffico aereo come motivi dell'incidente.

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[ru] Катастрофа DC-8 в Негомбо

Катастрофа DC-8 в Негомбо — авиационная катастрофа, произошедшая 15 ноября 1978 года в Катунаякеruen, пригороде Негомбо с самолётом DC-8-63CF авиакомпании Loftleiðir, зафрахтованным Garuda Indonesia. Самолёт выполнял чартерный рейс из Джидды в Сурабаю, когда при заходе на промежуточную посадку в Коломбо врезался в плантацию каучука и взорвался. В катастрофе погибли 183 человека, что делает её одной из крупнейших авиакатастроф в мире.

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