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The 1978 Yegoryevsk Tu-144 crash occurred during a test flight of a Tupolev Tu-144 on 23 May 1978. The aircraft suffered a fuel leak, which led to an in-flight fire in the right wing, forcing the shutdown of two of the aircraft's four engines. One of the two remaining engines subsequently failed, forcing the crew to make a belly landing in a field near Yegoryevsk, Moscow Oblast. Two flight engineers were killed in the ensuing crash, but the remaining six crew members survived. The accident prompted a ban on passenger flights of the Tu-144, which had already been beset by numerous problems, leading to a lack of interest that ultimately resulted in the Tu-144 program's cancellation.

1978 Yegoryevsk Tu-144 crash
A Tupolev Tu-144 similar to the accident aircraft
Accident
Date23 May 1978
SummaryFuel leak and in-flight fire leading to crash landing in a field
Sitenear Yegoryevsk, Moscow Oblast, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union (now in Russia)
55°23′41″N 38°51′38″E
Aircraft
Aircraft typeTupolev Tu-144D
OperatorAeroflot
RegistrationСССР-77111
Flight originRamenskoye Airport
DestinationRamenskoye Airport
Occupants8
Passengers0
Crew8
Fatalities2
Survivors6

Aircraft and crew


The aircraft was a supersonic Tupolev Tu-144D, registered СССР-77111, built at the Voronezh Aircraft Production Association facility and destined for Soviet flag carrier Aeroflot. It had first flown on 27 April 1978 and completed test flights on 12 May, 16 May, and 18 May, as well as another test flight earlier on the day of the accident. The accident flight was to have been the aircraft's sixth test flight. Eight crewmembers were on board.[1]


Accident


The aircraft took off from Ramenskoye Airport near Moscow at 17:30 local time on 23 May 1978. The crew intended to perform a series of tests on the aircraft's generators, engines, cabin airtightness, and controllability at 12,000 metres (39,000 ft). Following the completion of the initial series of tests, the crew descended to 3,000 metres (9,800 ft) to test the aircraft's auxiliary power unit (APU). At 18:44:44 local time, the crew started the APU. Shortly thereafter, at 18:49:15, the crew shut off the APU. Nine seconds later, a fire alarm was triggered; the number 3 engine was shut down at 18:49:31. The crew decided to attempt a return to Ramenskoye Airport. At 18:51:14, the number 4 engine shut down. The crew subsequently noticed a burning smell and thick smoke in the cabin. The number one engine then shut down at 18:53:27; with three of the aircraft's four engines shut down, it was impossible to return to the airport. At 18:55:18, the aircraft belly landed in a field in Yegoryevsky District, roughly 46 kilometres (29 mi; 25 nmi) from Ramenskoye Airport. The aircraft touched down with the landing gear retracted, at a speed of approximately 380 km/h (210 kn; 240 mph). The nose cone collapsed on impact, penetrating a compartment in which two flight engineers were seated and killing them both, while the remaining six crewmembers survived the crash.[1][2][3] The aircraft continued to burn for about an hour after the crash before the fire was extinguished by firefighters.[3]


Investigation


Investigators found that a fuel leak had occurred in the aircraft's right wing 27 minutes before the fire started. The leaked fuel ignited when the aircraft's auxiliary power unit was turned on. The precise cause of the fuel leak could not be determined, as the components were heavily damaged by fire.[1]


Aftermath


The crash resulted in a ban on passenger flights of the Tu-144. Combined with other issues involving the Tu-144, including an earlier crash at the 1973 Paris Air Show and complaints about reliability and passenger comfort, this caused a lack of interest in the Tu-144, which ultimately led to the demise of the Tu-144 program.[4]


See also



References


  1. "Crash of a Tupolev TU-144D in Kladkovo: 2 killed". Bureau of Aircraft Accidents Archives. Retrieved 14 Nov 2021.
  2. "ASN Aircraft accident Tupolev Tu-144D СССР-77111". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 14 Nov 2021.
  3. "Катастрофа Ту-144Д Воронежского авиазавода в Егорьевском районе Московской области" [Accident of the Tu-144D of Voronezh Aircraft Plant in Yegoryevsky District of Moscow Oblast] (in Russian). airdisaster.ru. Retrieved 3 Dec 2021.
  4. Prisco, Jacopo (10 Jul 2019). "Concordski: What ever happened to Soviets' spectacular rival to Concorde?". CNN Style. Retrieved 14 Nov 2021.



На других языках


- [en] 1978 Yegoryevsk Tu-144 crash

[fr] Accident du Tupolev 144 près de Iegorievskt en 1978

L'accident de Iegoryevsk Tu-144 de 1978 s'est produit lors d'un vol d'essai d'un Tupolev Tu-144 le 23 mai, vol prévu avant sa livraison à la compagnie Aeroflot. L'avion a subi une fuite de carburant, qui a conduit à un incendie en vol dans l'aile droite, forçant l'arrêt de deux des quatre moteurs de l'avion. Le cockpit est alors enfumé; puis l'un des deux moteurs restants est tombé en panne, obligeant l'équipage à effectuer un atterrissage train rentré sur le ventre dans un champ près de Iegorievsk, dans l'oblast de Moscou. À l'impact, le nez du fuselage pénètre dans la cabine tuant deux mécaniciens naviguants, les six autres membres d'équipage ont survécu, mais ont été blessés[1].

[ru] Катастрофа Ту-144 под Егорьевском

Катастрофа Ту-144 под Егорьевском — авиакатастрофа, произошедшая во вторник 23 мая 1978 года во время испытательного полёта самолёта Ту-144Д (бортовой номер СССР-77111) в Воскресенском районе Московской области в окрестностях города Егорьевска.



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