1979 Dniprodzerzhynsk mid-air collision - Event

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On 11 August 1979, a mid-air collision occurred over the Ukrainian SSR, near the city of Dniprodzerzhynsk (now Kamianske). The aircraft involved were both Tupolev Tu-134As on scheduled domestic passenger flights, operated by Aeroflot. All 178 people aboard both aircraft died in the accident. The Soviet aviation board investigating the accident concluded that the crash was caused by "mistakes and violations"[1] made by air traffic controllers.

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1979 Dniprodzerzhynsk mid-air collision
Accident
An Aeroflot Tupolev Tu-134A, similar to both aircraft involved, on short final to Euroairport in 1977
Date	11 August 1979
Summary	Mid-air collision caused by ATC error
Site	near Dniprodzerzhynsk, Ukrainian SSR 48°35′17.5″N 34°39′21.5″E
Total fatalities	178
Total survivors	0
First aircraft
Type	Tupolev Tu-134A
Operator	Aeroflot – Moldavian SSR
Registration	СССР-65816
Flight origin	Voronezh Airport, Russian SFSR
Destination	Chișinău Airport, Moldavian SSR
Passengers	88
Crew	6
Fatalities	94
Survivors	0
Second aircraft
Type	Tupolev Tu-134AK
Operator	Aeroflot
Registration	СССР-65735
Flight origin	Donetsk Airport, Ukrainian SSR
Destination	Minsk-1 International Airport, Belarusian SSR
Passengers	77
Crew	7
Fatalities	84
Survivors	0

Flight history

Aeroflot Flight 7628

Aeroflot Flight 7628 was a twin turbofan Tu-134 passenger jet, serial number 4352210 and registration CCCP-65816, that was built at the Kharkiv Aviation Plant in 1974 and which carried out its first flight on 24 March of that year. It was operated by the airline's Moldova division and at the time of the accident had logged 12,739 hours and completed 7683 takeoff-landing cycles.[2]

There were 88 passengers and six crew members on board the Tupolev airliner.[2]

Aeroflot Flight 7880

Aeroflot Flight 7880 was a Tu-134AK airliner, serial number 1351405 and registration CCCP-65735, that was completed at the Kharkiv aviation plant on 5 November 1971 and which made its first flight later that year. First operated as a "K" model with luxury salons and first-class accommodation, it was later converted to a standard 78- passenger configuration.[3] At the time of the accident the aircraft had accumulated 10,753 flight hours through 7075 cycles.[4]

There were 77 passengers and seven crew members on board the aircraft. Passengers included personnel of the Pakhtakor Football Club.[4]

Air traffic control

En route to their destinations both aircraft passed through the Kharkiv regional air traffic control (ATC) center airspace. This area was characterized by high traffic density and air traffic controllers often had to carry more than a dozen aircraft simultaneously. This problem had been discussed since the early 1970s, but by the end of the decade the problem had not been solved. The southwest sector, covering from 180° to 255° was especially complex and unpredictable.[5][6]

On 11 August 1979, at 07:50 MSK a new shift of air traffic controllers began work, headed by Sergei Sergeev. In the difficult southwest sector he employed an inexperienced 3rd-class controller, 20-year-old Nikolai Zhukovsky, under the supervision of 1st-class controller, 28-year-old Vladimir Alexandrovich Sumy.[7][6]

Adding to the situation that day was that Leonid Brezhnev was embarking on a trip to Crimea. Authorities wanted to give the Soviet leader a clear flight path and this caused considerable disruption of the airline flight operations in the area.[8]

Accident sequence

At 12:54, Flight 7628 took off from Voronezh airport on the last leg of a domestic scheduled route from Chelyabinsk to Voronezh, then to Kishinev.[5]

At 13:11, Flight 7880 departed Donetsk airport bound for Minsk.[1]

At 13:17:15, Flight 7628 contacted ATC to report it was at flight level (FL) 8,400 metres (27,600 ft) and requested permission to climb to FL 9,600 metres (31,500 ft). Flight 7628 also informed ATC it would reach the Volchansk waypoint at 13:22 and the Krasnohrad waypoint at 13:28, but controller Zhukovsky incorrectly recorded 13:19 to 13:26 respectively, which placed the aircraft ahead of schedule.

At 13:21:43, Flight 7628 re-contacted the ATC center and again requested permission to climb up to 9600 meters, but Zhukovsky rejected that request.[9]

At 13:25:48, Flight 7880 bound for Minsk, informed ATC they had departed Donetsk 14 minutes before and were at 5,700 metres (18,700 ft), and that they would reach the Dnipropetrovsk (now the city Dnipro) waypoint at 13:34 and the Kremenchuk waypoint at 13:44. Zhukovsky confirmed the location of the aircraft and ordered them to climb to and maintain 7,200 metres (23,600 ft).[1]

At 13:27:50, Flight 7628 contacted ATC and reported that they were over Krasnohrad at FL 8,400 metres (27,600 ft). Flight 7628 then asked controller Zhukovsky for their ground speed and the speed of another Tu-134A identified as 65132, flying at FL 9,600 metres (31,500 ft).[5] Flight 7628 was flying at 830 km/h (450 kn; 520 mph) and aircraft 65132 was at 750 km/h (400 kn; 470 mph). Because of the speed difference ATC refused to let flight 7628 climb to 9600 metres. Flight 7628 confirmed the instructions, although they tried to clarify that they could also slow down after the climb. This was the last radio transmission from Flight 7628.[5]

At 13:30:40, Flight 7880 contacted ATC and reported they were at 7,200 metres (23,600 ft), 25 kilometres (16 mi; 13 nmi) away from the Dnipropetrovsk beacon. The controller confirmed their position and instructed them to climb to an altitude of 8400 meters. After 3 minutes (13:34:52) Flight 7880 reported at an altitude of 8,400 metres (27,600 ft), at the Dnipropetrovsk beacon. Controller Zhukovsky initially incorrectly identified the aircraft on radar and, when he properly identified it, he realized that it was on a collision course with another aircraft (CCCP-86676 – an Ilyushin Il-62 at 9000 meters.[10]) and therefore instructed Flight 7880 to stay at 8400 meters, which was confirmed.[1]

Flight 7628 was flying on Airway 50 (Magdalinovka – Ball, course 201°) and Flight 7880 was on Airway 147 corridor (Dnipropetrovsk – Kremenchuk, course 300°). These corridors intersect at an angle of 99° north-east of Dniprodzerzhynsk. Because of previous errors, the controller's perception of the location of each aircraft was incorrect. When Zhukovsky's supervisor Sumy overheard the radio traffic and saw the aircraft converging on the radar screen he realized the catastrophic situation and attempted to correct it. At 13:34:07 controller Sumy ordered aircraft 86676 (IL-62) from 9,000 to 9,600 metres (29,500 to 31,500 ft). At 13:34:21 Sumy repeated the order then directed Flight 7880 from 8400 meters to the now vacant altitude at 9,000 metres (30,000 ft).[1][11]

13:34:07 ATC to aircraft 86676 "Take 9600."
13:34:21 ATC to aircraft 86676 "Take 9600."
13:34:23 ATC to Flight 7880 "and you take a 9. Over 8400 Dneprodzerzhinsk crossover."
13:34:25 aircraft 86676 to ATC "9600."
13:34:33 (inaudible.) "Got it ... 8400"[1]

The controller heard a muffled reply and assumed it was an acknowledgement from Flight 7880, but the muffled transmission was actually from aircraft 86676 and Flight 7880 remained at 8400 meters.[2]

Collision

Flight 7628 had strayed to the left of the airway by approximately 4 kilometres (2 mi), while Flight 7880 was to the left by 0.5 kilometres (0.31 mi). At 13:35:38 both aircraft suddenly disappeared from ATC radar screens. Zhukovsky tried to contact them, but they did not respond. At 13:37, Igor Chernov, the captain of an Antonov An-2 (CCCP-91734) flying from Cherkasy to Donetsk, reported "Something falls from the sky!".[7] At 13:40 Chernov reported seeing aircraft parts in the area of Dniprodzerzhynsk (current Kamianske).[1][7][5]

Both aircraft collided in a cloud at an altitude of 8,400 metres (27,600 ft), approximately over Dniprodzerzhynsk. Flight 7880's right wing sliced through Flight 7628's forward fuselage, tearing off part of 7880's right wing, the debris of which was ingested by 7880's right engine.[12] The impact spun 7628 to the right, causing the tails of both aircraft to collide at which time the left engine of 7628 struck the keel of 7880, and 7628's right wing was torn off. Flight 7628 tumbled out of control and broke up, with debris scattered over an area measuring 16 by 3 kilometres (9.9 by 1.9 mi).[1][5] Damage to 7880 included the loss of most of the empennage, one of the engines and a section of the right wing. The pilots of 7880 attempted an emergency landing, but at an altitude of approximately 4,000 metres (13,000 ft) they lost control and at 13:38 crashed to the ground north-east of Dniprodzerzhynsk, completely destroying the aircraft.[1][5][6]

Investigation

In the subsequent investigation the commission concluded that center of gravity and takeoff weights of both aircraft were within the normal range and that there was no explosion or fire prior to the collision.[7] The commission also found that maintenance was carried out in accordance with the requirements of the regulations and that the level of training of flight crews of both aircraft, as well as their work experience, were not the cause of the crash.[7]

When the commission examined the action of the controllers they discovered a series of errors made by Zhukovsky:[1]

Refused Flight 7628's request to climb from 8,400 m (27,600 ft) to 9,600 m (31,500 ft), stating it was in dangerous proximity to aircraft 65132. The interval was 55 km (34 mi) – close to the minimum, although the safety distance between 65132 and Flight 7628 could have been increased by reducing the ground speed of the latter.
Directed Flight 7880 to climb from 7200 meters to 8400 meters, although the crew did not request this. As a result, there was a conflict situation with Flight 7628.
Did not allow aircraft 86676 to climb to 10,200 m (33,500 ft) This would have increased the safety distance between it and aircraft 65132.
Allowed crews to violate radio rules and argue with the manager about the instructions received. Two minutes and 51 seconds before the collision, Zhukovsky began a 47-second argument with the crew of a Ukrainian Yakovlev Yak-40 identified as aircraft 87327, explaining the need for them to go to another altitude.[1]

The investigators also discovered that the more experienced controller, Vladimir Sumy, was in error during the last minutes before the crash, having received a vague answer without a call sign, he did not confirm if the crew of Flight 7880 understood.[7] Sumy had previously received penalties for violations, including improper communication and phraseology.[7]

The senior controller, Sergei Sergeev, was found to have complicated the air traffic control environment by changing the responsibilities assigned to personnel, including assigning Sumy to supervise Zhukovsky.[7]

Nine months after the disaster, a court sentenced controllers Zhukovsky and Sumy to 15 years imprisonment in a penal colony. Sumy served 6.5 years, then was released for good behavior. As of 2008^[update], he lived in Kharkiv.[8] Zhukovsky reportedly committed suicide. Sergei Sergeev, the chief controller on duty that day, was not prosecuted.[11]

The final conclusion made by the commission was that "[t]he cause of the disaster were the mistakes and violations of the NPP GA-78 made by manager of the southwestern sector and dispatcher instructor regarding destination tier and providing the established intervals between aircraft compliance phraseology".[1]

References

"Accidents, incidents and plane crashes in the USSR and Russia". Airdisaster.ru. Retrieved 18 December 2016.
"Accident description". aviation-safety.net. Aviation Safety Network (ASN). Retrieved 13 December 2016.
"Tupolev Tu-134AK Trip number: USSR-65735". russianplanes.net. Aviation Safety Network (ASN). Retrieved 13 December 2016.
"Accident description". aviation-safety.net. Aviation Safety Network (ASN). Retrieved 13 December 2016.
"Accidents, incidents and plane crashes in the USSR and Russia". airdisaster.ru. Retrieved 18 December 2016.
"Remaining in heaven". www.ua-football.com. 11 August 2014. Retrieved 18 December 2016.
Muromov, Igor (2003). 100 great plane crashes. Veche. p. 528. ISBN 5-9533-0029-8.
Appell, James (15 September 2011). "The day Uzbek football died". The Football Ramble.com. The Football Ramble Ltd. Archived from the original on 24 December 2016. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
"Туполев Ту-134А-3" [Tupolev Tu-134A-3]. russianplanes.net (in Russian). Retrieved 18 December 2016.
"Ilyushin Il-62 Trip number: USSR-86676". russianplanes.net. Retrieved 18 December 2016.
"МИСТИЧЕСКИЕ СОВПАДЕНИЯ ПРЕСЛЕДУЮТ РОССИЙСКУЮ АВИАЦИЮ" [MYSTERIOUS COINCIDENCES HAVE RUSSIAN AVIATION]. www.posadki.net (in Russian). Archived from the original on 14 August 2013. Retrieved 12 December 2016.
"Tupolev Tu-134A Trip number: USSR-65816". russianplanes.net. Retrieved 18 December 2016.

Aeroflot

Part of the SkyTeam alliance

Subsidiaries

Active	Aurora Pobeda Rossiya
Inactive	Dobrolet Donavia Orenair SAT Airlines Vladivostok Air
Exited	Nordavia (now Smartavia)

Fleet

Accidents and
incidents

1950s	Flight 04 Тu-104 Kanash crash Flight 120 Flight 315
1960s	Flight 315 Flight 207 Flight 036 Flight 068 Flight 245 Flight 902 Flight 415 Flight 03 Flight 213 Flight 191 Flight 25 Flight 012 Flight 366 Flight 663 Flight 721 Flight 101/X-20 Flight 542 Flight 513 Flight 99 Flight 065 Flight 2723 Flight 5003 Flight 2230 Flight L-51 Flight 1668 Flight 15 Flight 831 Flight N-826
1970s	Flight U-45 Flight 1661 Flight 3630 CCCP-11000 crash CCCP-12996 crash Flight 1969 Flight 1912 Flight 773 Flight 2174 Flight 1491 Flight 558 Flight 1036 Flight 217 Flight 6263 Flight 141 Flight 630 Flight 6551 Flight 109 Flight A-13 Flight 3932 Flight 964 Flight 19 Flight 2022 CCCP-75559 crash Flight 662 Flight 2003 Flight 3739 Flight 909 Flight 1802 Flight 418 Flights 7957 and 31 Flight 2415 Flight N-36 Flight 3843 Flight 5003 Flight 331 Flight B-2 Flight 6709 Flight 1080 Flight 1691 Flights 7628 and 7880 Flight 5484
1980s	Flight 4225 Flight 498 Flight 811 Flight 3603 Flight 8641 Flight 411 Flight 343 Flight 5463 Flight 601 Flight 3352 Flight 3519 Flight 7841 1985 Zolochiv mid-air collision Flight 5143 Flight 101/435 Flight 2306 Flight 6502 Flight 892 Flight U-505 Flight N-528 Flight 699 Flight 3739
since 1990s	Flight 2808 Flight 593 Flight 821 Flight 1492

Aviation accidents and incidents in 1979

Jan 30 Varig Flight 967
Feb 12 Air Rhodesia Flight 827
Feb 17 Air New Zealand Flight 4374
Mar 13 Alia Flight 600
Mar 17 Aeroflot Flight 1691
Mar 29 Quebecair Flight 255
Apr 4 TWA Flight 841
Apr 23 SAETA Flight 011
May 25 American Airlines Flight 191
May 30 Downeast Airlines Flight 46
Jun 17 Air New England Flight 248
Jun 20 American Airlines Flight 293
Jul 11 Garuda Fokker F28 crash
Jul 26 Lufthansa Flight 527
Jul 31 Dan-Air Flight 0034
Aug 11 Dniprodzerzhynsk mid-air collision
Aug 29 Aeroflot Flight 5484
Oct 7 Swissair Flight 316
Oct 31 Western Airlines Flight 2605
Sep 14 Aero Trasporti Italiani Flight 12
Nov 15 American Airlines Flight 444
Nov 26 Pakistan International Airlines Flight 740
Nov 28 Air New Zealand Flight 901
Dec 18 Mosfellsheiði air crashes
Dec 23 Turkish Airlines Ankara crash

1978 ◀ ▶ 1980

Aviation accidents and incidents in the Soviet Union and Russia

Soviet
Union

1930s	Osoaviakhim-1 SSSR-V6 Osoaviakhim
1940s	1948 Aeroflot Ilyushin Il-12 crash
1950s	1950 Sverdlovsk plane crash Aeroflot Flight 04 1958 Aeroflot Tu-104 Kanash crash Aeroflot Flight 315 (1959) Aeroflot Flight 120
1960s	Aeroflot Flight 315 (1960) Aeroflot Flight 207 Aeroflot Flight 036 Austrian Airlines Flight 901 Aeroflot Flight 068 Aeroflot Flight 245 Aeroflot Flight 902 Aeroflot Flight 415 Aeroflot Flight 213 (1962) Aeroflot Flight 191 Aeroflot Flight 03 Aeroflot Flight 25 Aeroflot Flight 012 Aeroflot Flight 366 Aeroflot Flight 663 Aeroflot Flight 721 Aeroflot Flight 101/X-20 Aeroflot Flight 542 Aeroflot Flight 513 Aeroflot Flight 99 Aeroflot Flight 065 Aeroflot Flight 2723 Aeroflot Flight 5003 (1967) Aeroflot Flight 2230 Aeroflot Flight L-51 Aeroflot Flight 15 1969 Yukhnov mid-air collision Aeroflot Flight N-826
1970s	Aeroflot Flight U-45 Aeroflot Flight 1661 Aeroflot Flight 3630 1971 January 22 Surgut Aeroflot Antonov An-12 crash 1971 January 31 Surgut Aeroflot Antonov An-12 crash Aeroflot Flight 1969 Aeroflot Flight 1912 Malév Flight 110 Aeroflot Flight 773 Aeroflot Flight 2174 Aeroflot Flight 1491 Aeroflot Flight 558 Aeroflot Flight 1036 Aeroflot Flight 217 Japan Air Lines Flight 446 Aeroflot Flight 6263 Aeroflot Flight 141 Aeroflot Flight 630 Balkan Bulgarian Airlines Flight 307 Aeroflot Flight 6551 Aeroflot Flight 109 Aeroflot Flight A-13 Aeroflot Flight 3932 Aeroflot Flight 964 Aeroflot Flight 19 Aeroflot Flight 2022 1974 Leningrad Aeroflot Il-18 crash 1974 Surgut mid-air collision Aeroflot Flight 2003 Aeroflot Flight 3739 (1976) Aeroflot Flight 909 Aeroflot Flight 1802 Aeroflot Flight 418 1976 Anapa mid-air collision Aeroflot Flight 2415 Aeroflot Flight N-36 Aeroflot Flight 3843 Aeroflot Flight 5003 (1977) Aeroflot Flight 331 1977 Aeroflot Tupolev Tu-134 hijacking Aeroflot Flight B-2 Aeroflot Flight 6709 1978 Yegoryevsk Tu-144 crash Korean Air Lines Flight 902 Aeroflot Flight 1080 Aeroflot Flight 1691 1979 Dniprodzerzhynsk mid-air collision Aeroflot Flight 5484
1980s	Aeroflot Flight 4225 1981 Pushkin Tu-104 crash Aeroflot Flight 498 1981 Armenia mid-air collision 1981 Zheleznogorsk mid-air collision Aeroflot Flight 811 Aeroflot Flight 3603 Aeroflot Flight 8641 Aeroflot Flight 411 Aeroflot Flight 343 Aeroflot Flight 5463 Korean Air Lines Flight 007 Aeroflot Flight 601 Aeroflot Flight 3352 Aeroflot Flight 3519 Aeroflot Flight 7841 1985 Zolochiv mid-air collision Aeroflot Flight 5143 Aeroflot Flight 101/435 Aeroflot Flight 2306 Aeroflot Flight 6502 Aeroflot Flight 892 Aeroflot Flight U-505 Aeroflot Flight N-528 Aeroflot Flight 699 Aeroflot Flight 3739 (1988)

Russia

1990s	Aeroflot Flight 2808 (1992) Sakha Avia Flight 301 (1993) Baikal Airlines Flight 130 (1994) Pulkovo Aviation Enterprise Flight 9045 (1994) Aeroflot Flight 593 (1994) Khabarovsk United Air Group Flight 3949 (1995) Stavropolskaya Aktsionernaya Avia Flight 1023 (1997) Irkutsk Antonov An-124 crash (1997)
2000s	Omsk An-70 crash (2001) Vladivostok Air Flight 352 (2001) Grozny Mi-8 crash (2001) Siberia Airlines Flight 1812 (2001) Armed Forces of the Russian Federation Flight 9064 (2001) Shelkovskaya Mi-8 crash (2002) Pulkovo Aviation Enterprise Flight 9560 (2002) Khankala Mi-26 crash (2002) Russian aircraft bombings (2004) Regional Airlines Flight 9288 (2005) Armavia Flight 967 (2006) S7 Airlines Flight 778 (2006) UTair Flight 471 (2007) Shatoy Mi-8 crash (2007) Moskovia Airlines Flight 9675 (2008) Aeroflot Flight 821 (2008) Makhachkala Il-76 collision (2009) Yakutia Ilyushin Il-76 crash (2009)
2010s	Aviastar-TU Flight 1906 (2010) Smolensk air disaster (2010) Katekavia Flight 9357 (2010) Alrosa Flight 514 (2010) Dagestan Airlines Flight 372 (2010) Kolavia Flight 348 (2011) Garbuzovo Antonov An-148 crash (2011) RusAir Flight 9605 (2011) Angara Airlines Flight 9007 (2011) Avis-Amur Flight 9209 (2011) 2011 Lokomotiv Yaroslavl plane crash (2011) UTair Flight 120 (2012) Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Air Flight 251 (2012) Red Wings Airlines Flight 9268 (2012) Polar Airlines Flight 9949 (2013) Tatarstan Airlines Flight 363 (2013) Unijet Flight 074P (2014) Flydubai Flight 981 (2016) Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations Il-76 crash (2016) Skol Airlines Flight 9375 (2016) Russian Defence Ministry Tupolev Tu-154 crash (2016) Khabarovsk Airlines Flight 463 (2017) Saratov Airlines Flight 703 (2018) UTair Flight 579 (2018) Aeroflot Flight 1492 (2019) Angara Airlines Flight 200 (2019) Ural Airlines Flight 178 (2019)
2020s	Volga-Dnepr Airlines Flight 4066 (2020) Kemerovo parachute Let L-410UVP-E crash (2021) Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky Air Flight 251 (2021) Siberian Light Aviation Flight 42 (2021) Siberian Light Aviation Flight 51 (2021) Menzelinsk parachute Let L-410UVP-E crash (2021) Grodno Aviakompania Flight 1252 (2021) Yeysk military aircraft crash (2022) Irkutsk military aircraft crash (2022)

This includes accidents and incidents in the Soviet Union, and Russia only. It does not include accidents in other post-Soviet states after the breakup of the Soviet Union.

Aviation accidents and incidents in Ukraine

Ukrainian SSR

Aeroflot Flight 315 (November 1959)
Aeroflot Flight 036 (August 1960)
Aeroflot Flight N-826 (August 1969)
Aeroflot Flight 3630 (September 1970)
Malév Hungarian Airlines Flight 110 (September 1971)
Aeroflot Flight 1491 (May 1972)
Aeroflot Flight N-36 (December 1976)
1979 Dniprodzerzhynsk mid-air collision (August 1979)
1985 Zolochiv mid-air collision (May 1985)
Aeroflot Flight N-528 (June 1987)

Ukraine

1995 Borodianka mid-air collision (February 1995)
Siberia Airlines Flight 1812 (October 2001)
Sknyliv air show disaster (July 2002)
Pulkovo Aviation Enterprise Flight 612 (August 2006)
South Airlines Flight 8971 (February 2013)
2014 Ukrainian Air Force Il-76 shootdown (June 2014)
Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 (July 2014)
Ukraine Air Alliance Flight 4050 (October 2019)
2020 Chuhuiv An-26 crash (September 2020)

На других языках

[de] Flugzeugkollision von Dniprodserschynsk

Die Flugzeugkollision von Dniprodserschynsk war ein Zusammenstoß zweier Tupolew-Tu-134-Maschinen der Aeroflot am 11. August 1979. Beide Flugzeuge stürzten ab und alle Insassen kamen ums Leben. Ursache war ein Fehler des Fluglotsen.

- [en] 1979 Dniprodzerzhynsk mid-air collision

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Flight history

Aeroflot Flight 7628

Aeroflot Flight 7880

Air traffic control

Accident sequence

Collision

Investigation

See also

References

На других языках

[de] Flugzeugkollision von Dniprodserschynsk

[fr] Collision aérienne de Dniprodzerjynsk en 1979

[it] Collisione aerea di Dniprodzeržyns'k

[ru] Столкновение над Днепродзержинском