The Ryan PT-22 Recruit, the main military version of the Ryan ST, is a military trainer aircraft used by the United States Army Air Corps during WWII for primary pilot training.
US military trainer aircraft
PT-22 Recruit
Role
Trainer
Type of aircraft
Manufacturer
Ryan Aeronautical Company
Primaryusers
United States Army Air Forces United States Army Air Corps
The PT-22's fuselage is a simple monocoque structure, with thick gauge alclad skin. The wings feature spruce spars, aluminum alloy ribs, steel compression members, with aircraft fabric covering aft to the trailing edge and aluminum alloy sheet covering from the leading edge to the spar.[1] The wings have 4° 10' of sweep back, 3° of incidence and 4° 30' dihedral.[2]
The PT-22 fuel system consists of a single tank mounted forward of the front cockpit. Fuel is gravity fed to the carburetor. The oil system is a dry-sump type, with all oil stored in a tank located on the front side of the firewall in the upper section of the fuselage. The wing flaps are mechanically operated from a lever located on the left side of each cockpit. Adjustable elevator trim is provided via an elevator trim tab controllable from a handwheel mounted on the left side of each cockpit. In its original configuration, the aircraft was not equipped with an electrical system. Hydraulic brakes are provided for each wheel, controllable via the rudder pedals in each cockpit.[3]
In order to simplify maintenance, the wheel spats and landing gear fairings were deleted in the production examples
Operational history
The PT-22 was developed in 1941 from the civilian Ryan ST series. The earlier PT-20 and PT-21 were the military production versions of the Ryan ST-3 with a total of 100 built. The PT-22 was the United States Army Air Corps' first purpose built monoplane trainer. The rapid expansion of wartime aircrew training required new trainers, and the Ryan PT-22 was ordered in large numbers.[4] Named the "Recruit", it entered operational service with the U.S. Orders also were placed by the Netherlands, but were never realized as the nation capitulated to Axis forces. The small order of 25 ST-3s was redirected to the United States and redesignated as the PT-22A. Another order also came from the U.S. Navy for 100 examples. The PT series was in heavy use throughout the war years with both military and civil schools, but with the end of the war, was retired from the USAAF.[5]
The Ryan PT-22 remains a popular World War II collector aircraft.
Variants
Ryan PT-22 Recruit
PT-22
Military version of the Model ST.3KR powered by a 160hp R-540-1, 1,023 built.
PT-22A
Model ST-3S twin-float seaplanes ordered by the Netherlands Navy powered by 160hp Menasco D4B, ordered cancelled and completed for the United States Army Air Corps with 160hp R-540-1 engines, 25 built.
PT-22B
Unbuilt project.
PT-22C
PT-22s re-engined with the 160hp R-540-3, 250 conversions.
41-1964/N53018 - PT-22: The airplane was destroyed in an accident on Sunday February 23, 2020 near the town of Beaulieu (Puy-de-Dôme) in France. The pilot and passenger both died. An investigation was initiated by the BEA and the Gendarmerie des Transports Aériens.[29] The report from the accident investigation found that the engine seized from an undetected oil loss, and the pilot lost control while descending to make a forced landing.[30]
Specifications (PT-22)
Data from Pilots Flight Operating Instructions[3] and The New Ryan[31]
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