Seversky A8V - Aeroplane - avia.wikisort.org

avia.wikisort.org - Aeroplane

In the late 1930s, Seversky aircraft exported twenty two-seat 2PA-B3 to Japan for operational service by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service as the A8V1 Type S Two Seat Fighter. The aircraft were imported as a result of Japanese anxiety over escalating losses for their unescorted strategic bombing raids with Type 96 G3M bombers deep into China from bases in Formosa (Taiwan) which had begun in 1937. The purchase contract for the Seversky 2PA-B3, construction numbers 122 through 141 had been negotiated secretly but was to cause controversy in the US and subsequent difficulties in Seversky's relationship with the US government and military. Sources differ on exactly when the aircraft were delivered, but it must have been at least prior to October 1938 (see below).

A8V1 / AT-12

A8V1 "Shiokaze-go" used by The Asahi Shimbun Newspaper company
Role	Fighter
National origin	United States
Manufacturer	Seversky
First flight	15 August 1935
Introduction	1937
Retired	September 1952 (Sweden)
Primary users	Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service United States Army Air Corps Swedish Air Force
Number built	70
Developed from	Seversky P-35

Design and development

The origins of the Seversky P-35 single-seat fighter trace back to the Seversky SEV-3 amphibian, which was developed into the Seversky BT-8 basic trainer. Seversky's chief designer, Alexander Kartveli, also proposed a two-seat fighter derivative, the SEV-2XP. This was powered by a 735 hp (548 kW) Wright R-1670 radial engine. It had fixed landing gear in aerodynamic spats and was armed with one 0.50 in (12.70 mm) and one 0.30 in (7.62 mm) forward-firing machine guns plus an additional 0.30 in (7.62 mm) machine gun for rear defence.

When the USAAC announced a competition for a new single-seat fighter in 1935, Seversky sent the SEV-2XP, confident it would win despite being a two-seater. However, the aircraft was damaged on 18 June 1935 during its transit to the fly-offs at Wright Field. The Air Corps delayed the fly-off until March 1936, which allowed Seversky time to rework the fighter into the single-seat SEV-1XP with retractable landing gear and re-engined with the Wright R-1820 radial.[1]

In what proved to be an unpopular move for Seversky, twenty 2PA-B3s were sold to the Japanese Navy, which briefly employed them in the Second Sino-Japanese War as Navy Type S Two-Seat Fighter or A8V1 (Allied codename "Dick").

Two demonstrators ended up in the USSR; although a manufacturing licence was also bought, the Soviets undertook no production.

Sweden ordered 52 2PAs (known as the B 6), but only two were delivered before the remaining 50 were impounded in 1940 and put into service with the USAAC as the AT-12 Guardsman advanced trainer. On 18 June 1940, United States declared an embargo against exporting weapons to any nation other than the United Kingdom.

Operational history

The Seversky two-seat fighters were to be used as long-range escort aircraft with forward-firing guns and the observer equipped with a hand-held machine gun. However, when they arrived and were tested, the Japanese were disappointed with their performance, climb rate and agility in the air. There does not seem to be any record of them being used in the long-range bomber escort role for which they were intended, but instead they were relegated to a reconnaissance role over central China with the 12th Kōkūtai, operating from bases around Nanking. Possibly the successful development of the Zero-sen as a long-range fighter was also a factor in their demise. Unfortunately, little has been documented about their operational use over China.

Expecting to encounter these aircraft still in service, they were given the Allied reporting name "Dick", but by that time they had long been withdrawn from service.

Two of the aircraft were passed on to the Asahi Shimbun Newspaper company to become Shiokaze-go (汐風号, "Tide Wind", aircraft registration:J-BAAN) and Umikaze-go (海風号, "Sea Wind", aircraft registration:J-BAAQ), and a third was given to the Tokyo Nichi Nichi Shimbun Newspaper company.

Their planes used for interview and air transportation of manuscripts and photographs. J-BAAN was registered in October 1938 and J-BAAQ in March 1941, but a registration for the Tokyo Nichinichi Newspaper aircraft cannot be confirmed.

Variants

2PA

Two-seat version of Seversky P-35 with rear gunner.

2PA-202 - European demonstrator (1)

2PA-A - for USSR (1)

2PA-B - European demonstrator (1)

2PA-BX - European demonstrator (1)

2PA-B3 - 20 production aircraft for Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service as Seversky A8V1.

2PA-L - for USSR (1)

A8V1 "Dick"

Japanese designation for 2PA-B3 (and U.S. codename).

B 6

Swedish designation of the 2PA (only 2 delivered, see below).

AT-12 Guardsman

Two-seat advanced trainer for the USAAF (50 2PA ordered by Sweden, but impounded).

Operators

Japan

Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service

Sweden

Swedish Air Force

United States

United States Army Air Corps

Specifications (A8V1)

Data from [2]

General characteristics

Crew: two
Length: 26 ft 11 in (8.2 m)
Wingspan: 36 ft 0 in (10.97 m)
Height: 9 ft 10 in (2.99 m)
Wing area: 220.0 sq ft (20.44 m²)
Empty weight: 4,581 lb (2,078 kg)
Gross weight: 7,659 lb (3,474 kg)
Powerplant: 1 × Wright R-1820 Cyclone radial piston engine, 1,000 hp (750 kW)

Performance

Maximum speed: 316 mph (508 km/h, 274 kn)
Range: 1,950 mi (3,138 km, 1,694 nmi)
Service ceiling: 30,000 ft (9,100 m)

References

Notes

Green 1961
Jane's All the World's Aircraft, 1938 edition

Bibliography

Davis Larry. P-35: Mini in Action (Mini Number 1). Carrollton, Texas: Squadron/Signal Publications, 1994. ISBN 0-89747-321-3.
Fitzsimmons, Bernard. The Illustrated International Aircraft Guide Fighters of WWII, Part IX. London: MacDonald Phoebus Ltd., 1981.
Green, William. War Planes of the Second World War, Volume Four: Fighters. London: Macdonald & Co. (Publishers) Ltd., 1961 (Sixth impression 1969). ISBN 0-356-01448-7.
Hucker, Robert. "Seversky: Innovator and Prophet." Air Classics, 20th Anniversary Special Edition 1964-1984, 1984.
United States Air Force Museum Guidebook. Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio: Air Force Museum Foundation, 1975.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Seversky A8V.

Republic and Seversky aircraft

Seversky aircraft

Republic aircraft

Fighters	P-43 P-44 P-47 XP-69 XP-72 F-84 F-84F XF-84H XF-91 XF-103 F-105 AP-100
Reconnaissance	XF-12 SD-3 SD-4
Missiles	JB-2 KGW KUW
Civil aircraft	RC-1 RC-2 RC-3

Names

Project numbers¹

AP-1
AP-2
AP-3
AP-4
AP-5
AP-6
AP-7
AP-8
AP-9
AP-10
AP-12
AP-16
AP-18
AP-19
AP-21
AP-22
AP-23
- M/X
AP-24
AP-31
AP-38
AP-41
AP-42
AP-43
AP-44
AP-46
AP-47
NP-48
NP-49
NP-50
NP-52
AP-54
AP-55
AP-57
AP-60
AP-63
AP-71
AP-75
AP-76
85
AP-90
AP-95
AP-96
AP-100
AP-106

United States trainer aircraft designations, Army/Air Force and Tri-Service systems

Advanced Trainer
(1925–1948)

Basic Combat
(1936–1940)

Basic Trainer
(1930–1948)

Primary Trainer
(1924–1948)

Main sequence
(1948–present)

1948 redesignations	T-6 T-7 T-11 T-13² T-13A T-13B/D T-17 T-19
New designations	T-28 T-29 T-30 T-31 T-32 T-33 T-34 T-35 T-36 T-37 T-38 T-39 T-40 T-41 T-42 T-43 T-44 T-45 T-46 T-47 B T-48² YT-48 T-48TS T-49 T-50 T-51 T-52 T-53

Alternate sequences

1962 redesignations	T-1 T-2
1990– sequence	T-1 T-2¹ T-3 T-4¹ T-5¹ T-6 T-7

¹ Not assigned • ² Assigned to multiple types

v t e Swedish military aircraft designations 1926–current
Attack aircraft (A)	A 1 A 28 A 29 A 32 A 36 AJ 37 A 38 JAS 39
Bombers (B)	B 1 B 2 B 3 B 4 B 5 B 6 B 7 B 8 B 16 B 17 B 18 B 24 B 26
Army aeroplanes (Fpl)	Fpl 51 Fpl 53 Fpl 54 Fpl 61
Gliders (G/Lg/Se)	G 101 Se 102 Se 103 Se 104 Lg 105
Helicopter (Hkp)	Hkp 1 Hkp 2 Hkp 3 Hkp 4 Hkp 5 HKP 6 HKP 9 HKP 10 HKP 11 HKP 14 HKP 15 HKP 16
Fighters (J)	J 1 J 2 J 3 J 4 J 5 J 6 J 7 J 8 J 9 J 10 J 11 J 12 J 19 J 20 J 21/21R J 22 J 23 J 24 J 26 J 27 J 28 J 29 J 30 J 31 J 32 J 33 J 34 J 35 JA 37 JAS 39
Advanced trainers (Ö)	Ö 1 Ö 2 Ö 3 Ö 4 Ö 5 Ö 6 Ö 7 Ö 8 Ö 9
Trials aircraft (P)	P 1 P 2 P 3 P 4 P 5 P 6 P 7 P 8/P 8A/P 8B P 9A/P 9B
Reconnaissance (S)	S 1 S 2 S 3 S 4 S 5 S 6 S 7 S 8 S 9 S 10 S 11 S 12 S 13 S 14 S 15 S 16 S 17 S 18 S 22 S 26 S 29 S 31 S 32 S 35 JAS 39 S 100
Trainers (Sk)	Sk 1 Sk 2 Sk 3 Sk 4 Sk 5 Sk 6 Sk 7 Sk 8 Sk 9 Sk 10 Sk 11 Sk 12 Sk 14 Sk 15 Sk 16 Sk 25 Sk 26 Sk 28 Sk 35 Sk 38 Sk 40 Sk 50 Sk 60 Sk 61
Torpedo bombers (T)	T 1 T 2 T 16 T 18
Transports (Trp/Tp)	Trp 1 Trp 2/2A Trp 3 Trp 4 Tp 5 Tp 6 Tp 7 Tp 8/8A Tp 9 Tp 10 Tp 16 Tp 24 Tp 45 Tp 46 Tp 47 Tp 52 Tp 53 Tp 54 Tp 55 Tp 78 Tp 79 Tp 80 Tp 81 Tp 82 Tp 83 Tp 84 Tp 85 Tp 86 Tp 87 Tp 88 Tp 89 Tp 91 Tp 100 Tp 101 Tp 102 Tp 103

v t e Imperial Japanese Navy aircraft designations (short system)
Fighters (A)	A1N A2N A3N A4N A5M A6M A7He A7M A8V AXB¹ AXD¹ AXG¹ AXH¹ AXHe¹ AXV¹
Torpedo bombers (B)	B1M B2M B3N B3Y B4M B4N B4Y B5M B5N B6N B7A BXN¹
Shipboard reconnaissance (C)	C1M C2N C3N C4A C5M C6N CXP¹ D4Y1-C² E4N2-C²
Dive bombers (D)	D1A D2A D2N D2Y D3A D3M D3N D3Y D4Y D5Y DXD¹ DXHe¹
Reconnaissance seaplanes (E)	E1Y E2N E3A E4N E5K E5Y E6Y E7K E8A E8K E8N E9W E10A E10K E11A E11K E12A E12K E12N E13A E13K E14W E14Y E15K E16A
Observation seaplanes (F)	F1A F1K F1M
Land-based bombers (G)	G1M G2H G3M (3MT5) G3M G4M G5N G6M G7M G8N G9K G10N
Flying Boats (H)	H1H H2H H3H H3K H4H H5Y H6K H7Y H8K H9A H10H H11K HXC¹ HXD¹ HXP¹
Land-based Fighters (J)	J1N J2M J3K J4M J5N J6K J7W J8M J9N³ N1K1-J/N1K2-J²
Trainers (K)	K1Y K2Y K3M K4Y K5Y K6K K6M K6W K7M K8K K8Ni K8P K8W K9W K10W K11W KXA¹ KXBu¹ KXC¹ KXJ¹ KXHe¹ KXL¹ A5M4-K² A6M2-K² B5N1-K² D3Y1-K² E13A1-K² G6M1-K² M6A1-K² Q1W1-K²
Transports (L)	L1N L2D L3Y L4M L7P LXC¹ LXD¹ LXF¹ LXG (KR-2)¹ LXG¹ LXHe¹ LXJ (Ju 60)¹ LXJ (Ju 86)¹ LXK¹ LXM¹ G6M1-L² H6K2-L/H6K4-L² H8K1-L/H8K2-L/H8K4-L² H11K1-L² K3M3-L²
Special-purpose (M)¹	M6A MXJ1 MXY1 MXY2 MXY3 MXY4 MXY5 MXY6 MXY7 MXY8 MXY9 MXY10 MXY11 MXZ1
Floatplane fighters (N)	N1K A6M2-N²
Land-based bombers (P)	P1Y P2M
Patrol (Q)	Q1W Q2M Q3W
Land-based reconnaissance (R)	R1Y R2Y
Night fighters (S)	S1A E13A1a-S/E13A1b-S² P1Y1-S/P1Y2-S²
¹ X as second letter is for experimental aircraft or imported technology demonstrators not intended for service ² Hyphenated trailing letter (-J, -K, -L, -N or -S) denotes design modified for secondary role ³ Possibly incorrect designation, but used in many sources

World War II Allied reporting names for Japanese aircraft

Aircraft in Japanese service

Foreign aircraft
thought to be in Japanese service

Bess (Heinkel He 111)
Doc (Messerschmitt Bf 110)
Fred (Focke Wulf Fw 190)
Irene (Junkers Ju 87)
Janice (Junkers Ju 88)
Mike (Messerschmitt Bf 109)
Millie (Vultee V-11)
Trixie (Junkers Ju 52)
Trudy (Focke-Wulf Fw 200)

На других языках

[de] Seversky SEV-2PA

Die Seversky SEV-2PA war ein Jagdflugzeug des US-amerikanischen Herstellers Seversky Aircraft Corporation aus den 1930er Jahren.

- [en] Seversky A8V

[ru] Seversky 2PA

Северский 2PA (англ. Seversky 2PA) — американский двухместный истребитель.

Текст в блоке "Читать" взят с сайта "Википедия" и доступен по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike; в отдельных случаях могут действовать дополнительные условия.

Другой контент может иметь иную лицензию. Перед использованием материалов сайта WikiSort.org внимательно изучите правила лицензирования конкретных элементов наполнения сайта.

2019-2025
WikiSort.org - проект по пересортировке и дополнению контента Википедии