avia.wikisort.org - Aerodrome

General Edward Lawrence Logan International Airport[4] (IATA: BOS, ICAO: KBOS, FAA LID: BOS), also known as Boston Logan International Airport[5][6] and commonly as Boston Logan, Logan Airport or simply Logan, is an international airport that is located mostly in East Boston and partially in Winthrop, Massachusetts, United States. It opened in 1923, covers 2,384 acres (965 ha), has six runways and four passenger terminals, and employs an estimated 16,000 people. It is the largest airport in both the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and the New England region in terms of passenger volume and cargo handling, the 16th-busiest airport in the United States, as well as the busiest airport in the Northeast outside the New York metropolitan area. The airport saw 42 million passengers in 2019, the most in its history. It is named after General Edward Lawrence Logan, a 20th-century war hero native to Boston.

General Edward Lawrence Logan International Airport Boston Logan International Airport
IATA: BOS ICAO: KBOS FAA LID: BOS WMO: 72509
Summary
Airport type	Public
Owner/Operator	Massachusetts Port Authority
Serves	Greater Boston
Location	East Boston and Winthrop, Massachusetts, United States
Opened	September 8, 1923 (99 years ago) (1923-09-08)
Hub for	Cape Air Delta Air Lines
Focus city for	JetBlue
Elevation AMSL	19 ft / 6 m
Coordinates	42°21′47″N 071°00′23″W
Website	massport.com/logan-airport
Maps
FAA airport diagram
Runways
Direction Length Surface ft m 4L/22R 7,864 2,397 Asphalt 4R/22L 10,006 3,050 Asphalt 9/27 7,001 2,134 Asphalt 14/32 5,000 1,524 Asphalt 15L/33R 2,557 779 Asphalt 15R/33L 10,083 3,073 Asphalt
Statistics (2021)
Aircraft operations 206,702[1] Passengers 22,678,499[2] Total cargo (lbs.) 575,471,964[2]
Source: Federal Aviation Administration,[3] Massport[2]

Logan has non-stop service to destinations throughout the United States, Canada, Mexico, Latin America, the Caribbean, the North Atlantic region (including Bermuda and the Azores), Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Middle East.[7] BOS is the northeastern hub for Cape Air and is the secondary transatlantic hub for Delta Air Lines, serving several destinations in Europe. It is also an operating base for JetBlue.[8][9] American and United also carry out significant operations from the airport, including daily transcontinental flights, as well as daily flights to London-Heathrow. All of the major U.S. air carriers offer flights from Boston to all or the majority of their primary and secondary hubs.

History

Origins

Logan Airport opened on September 8, 1923, and at that time it was mainly used by the Massachusetts Air National Guard and the United States Army Air Corps. during this time, it was known as Jeffrey Field. The first scheduled commercial passenger flights to start at the new airfield were on Colonial Air Transport between Boston and New York City, starting in 1927.[10] On January 1, 1936, the airport's weather station became the official point for Boston's weather observations and records by the National Weather Service.[11]

Early domestic expansion

During the 1940s and 1950s, due to the rise in demand for air travel, the airport added 1,800 acres (2.8 sq mi; 7.3 km²; 730 ha) of landfill in Boston Harbor, taken from the former Governors, Noddle's and Apple Islands. During this time, the airport expanded the terminals, adding terminals B and C in 1949, which are still in use today. In 1943, the state of Massachusetts renamed the airport after Maj. Gen. Edward Lawrence Logan, a Spanish–American War officer from South Boston, a statue of whom by sculptor Joseph Coletti was unveiled and dedicated on May 20, 1956.[10][12][13] In 1952, Logan Airport became the first in the United States with an indirect rapid transit connection, with the opening of the Airport station on the Blue Line.[14]

Boston became a transatlantic gateway after World War II. In the late 1940s, American Overseas Airlines began operating a weekly Boston-Shannon-London service,[15] shortly after, Pan Am began operating nonstop service to Shannon Airport in Ireland and Santa Maria Airport in the Azores, continuing to London and Lisbon respectively.[16] By the early 1950s, BOAC had started nonstop service the Stratocruiser to Glasgow and Prestwick Airport in Scotland.[17] Around this time(but unknown is the exact date) Air France began operating a multi-stop Constellation service linking Boston to Orly Airport in Paris.[18] During this time, BOAC began service on the new De Havilland Comet, the first commercial jetliner in the world, on direct flights to Boston from London Heathrow. In April 1957, the Official Airline Guide showed 49 weekday departures with the list as follows: American, 31 Eastern, 25 Northeast Airlines, 8 United Airlines, 7 TWA domestic, 6 National Airlines, 6 Mohawk Airlines, 2 Trans-Canada Air Lines and one Provincetown-Boston Airlines. In addition TWA had nine departures a week to or from the Atlantic, Pan Am had 18, Air France 8, BOAC 4 and Alitalia 4.[19]

The airport was renamed General Edward Lawrence Logan International Airport by an act of the state legislature on April 29, 1954, reflecting the growing international market.[20]

Introduction of the jumbo jet and early international expansion

The jumbo jet era began at Logan in the summer of 1970, when Pan Am started daily Boeing 747 service to London Heathrow. Until 2020, the Boeing 747-400 was scheduled on flights to Boston by British Airways.[21] Lufthansa operates Boeing 747s, including the latest-model Boeing 747-8, on its daily nonstop flights to Frankfurt.[22]

Terminal E was the second largest international arrivals facility in the United States when it opened in 1974.[23] Between 1974 and 2015, the number of international travelers at Logan tripled.[24] International long-haul travel has been one of the fastest growing market sector's at the airport. Massachusetts Port Authority (Massport) undertook the "Logan Modernization Project" from 1994 to 2006: a new parking garage, a new hotel, moving walkways, terminal expansions and improvements, and two-tiered roadways to separate arrival and departure traffic.[10]

Massport's relationship with nearby communities has been strained since the mid-1960s,[25] when the agency took control of a parcel of residential land and popular fishing area near the northwest side of the airfield. This land included Frederick Law Olmsted's 46-acre Wood Island Park, a valued recreational area for a neighborhood with "fewer park and recreation facilities than other neighborhood in the city."[26] After decades of litigation, the forfeiture was undertaken to extend Runway 15R/33L, which later became Logan's longest runway via artificial land.[27] Outside of the park on Neptune Road, residents of the neighborhood, formerly, with its convenient park access, the "most prestigious street in East Boston,"[26] were bought out of their homes and forced to relocate. Public opposition came to a head when residents laid down in the streets to block bulldozers and supply trucks from reaching the construction zone.[28]

Modern international expansion and runway additions

Runway 14/32, Logan's first major runway addition in more than forty years, opened on November 23, 2006. It was proposed in 1973, but was delayed in the courts.[29] According to Massport records, the first aircraft to use the new airstrip was a Continental Express ERJ-145 regional jet landing on Runway 32, on the morning of December 2, 2006.

In April 2007, the FAA approved construction of a center field taxiway long-sought by Massport. The 9,300-foot (2,830 m) taxiway is between, and parallel to, Runways 4R/22L and 4L/22R. News of the project angered neighboring residents.[30] In 2009 the taxiway opened ahead of schedule and under budget.[31] To ensure the taxiway is not mistaken for a runway, "TAXI" is written in large yellow letters at each end.

A scene from the 2006 film The Departed was filmed at Logan, inside the connector bridge between Terminal E and the Central Parking Garage. Terminal C and several United Airlines and Northwest Airlines aircraft can be seen in the background. Parts of the Delta Air Lines 2007 "Anthem" commercial were filmed in Terminal A as well as the connector bridge between Terminal A and Central Parking.

In October 2009 US Airways announced it would close its Boston crew base in May 2010. The airline cited an "operations realignment" as the reason.[32] Over 400 employees were transferred or terminated.[33]

After starting service to Logan in 2004, JetBlue was a major operator at Logan Airport by 2008 and its largest carrier by 2011, with flights to cities throughout North America and the Caribbean.[34]

The Airbus A380 first landed at Logan International Airport for compatibility checks on February 8, 2010. On March 26, 2017, British Airways began flying the A380 to Logan, operating the aircraft three times per week.[35] British Airways announced in October 2018, that A380 service to Boston would expand to daily frequency during the summer 2019 season, beginning on March 31, 2019.[36] Likewise, in January 2019, Emirates announced that it would be deploying the A380 on its daily flight between Logan and Dubai during the June–September 2019 summer season, as high peak seasonal services replacing the B777-300ER on that route. Emirates intends to utilise the A380 as a daily service once the market demand has been achieved; Emirates has a codeshare agreement with JetBlue.[37]

It is included in the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems in which it is categorized as a large hub primary commercial service facility.[38]

Facilities

Logan International Airport has four lettered passenger terminals, A, B, C, and E, and 102 gate positions in total.[39] With the exception of flights from destinations with U.S. Customs and Border Protection preclearance, inbound international flights arrive at Terminal E for customs screening since the other terminals do not have customs screening facilities. All terminals are connected by pre-security shuttle buses and by the SL1 branch of the MBTA Silver Line BRT, and Terminals A, B, and E via pre-security moving walkways.[40] Moving walkways also connect the terminals to a central parking garage designed for consolidated service between all four terminals and the garage itself.[41] Post-security connection between Terminals B, C and E is available.

Terminal A

Terminal A, which replaced a 1970s-era building once occupied by the now-defunct Eastern Air Lines (and later by its successor Continental Airlines until closed for demolition in 2002), opened to passengers on March 16, 2005. It was designed by Hellmuth, Obata + Kassabaum.[42][43] The terminal is primarily used by Delta for its hub operations and is divided into a main terminal and a satellite terminal, which are connected via an underground pedestrian tunnel under the ramp.[44] The new redesigned Terminal A was developed under a special facility lease between Massachusetts Port Authority and Delta. On September 14, 2005, six months after opening, Delta filed for bankruptcy and consequently had to reduce the number of gates it leased.[45] Terminal A features two Delta Sky Clubs. One is located on the third floor of the satellite building, and a newer one opened at the site of the former Continental Presidents Club in the main terminal building.[46]

The building is the first airport terminal in the United States to be LEED certified for environmentally friendly design by the U.S. Green Building Council. Among the building's features are heat-reflecting roof and windows, low-flow faucets and waterless urinals, self-dimming lights and stormwater filtration.[47]^{[unreliable source?]}

In December 2018, Delta announced an expansion of routes to take effect in 2019, which resulted in Southwest moving to Terminal B, and Delta regaining all of Terminal A (other than one gate subleased to WestJet, itself a codeshare airline with Delta).[48] As a result, Delta has declared Logan to be one of their hubs as of June 2019.[49]

Terminal B

Terminal B, designed by John Carl Warnecke & Associates and Desmond & Lord, Inc., opened in 1974.[50] Pier B was completed for US Airways in 1974 and Pier A for American in 1975.[50] The terminal remained largely unchanged until US Airways expanded its operations at Logan in 1979, and improvements designed by HNTB were constructed in 1980.[50] From 1980 until 2000, numerous small projects including passenger seating area improvements, concessions expansions and passenger lounges were completed at both piers.[50][51] American's facilities were renovated in 1995 and redesigned by Gresham, Smith & Partners,[51][52] and US Airways' facilities were renovated in 1998 and 2000, and redesigned by URS Corporation with Turner Construction serving as the construction manager.[51][53]

Until 2014, Terminal B was split into north and south buildings, with a parking garage between the two buildings. The gates of the south building are divided into three groups. The gates of the north building are divided into two groups. Air Canada, Alaska Airlines, American, Boutique Air, Southwest, Spirit, and United operate out of Terminal B.[44] United and American both operate lounges in the terminal(those being the United Club and Admirals Club, respectively) for their customers.[54]

Between 2012 and 2014, Terminal B underwent a $160 million renovation, which was completed in April 2014. It created a post-security walkway that connects Terminal B North to Terminal B South. The renovation also included 24 new ticket counter spots, eight new departure lounges, new concession space, and a new baggage carousel.[55] United, formerly located in Terminals A and C, began operating all flights out of Terminal B effective April 2014.[56]

Terminal C

Terminal C opened in 1967 and was designed by Perry, Shaw, Hepburn and Dean.[58] It underwent renovations in 1987, 2002, and 2005.[51] Continuing the renovations of Terminal C, a post-security connection between Terminal C and Terminal E opened in Summer 2016, allowing for seamless connections between the two terminals, part of Massport's plan to ultimately connect all terminals post-security.[59] The terminal serves Aer Lingus, Cape Air, JetBlue as their operating base, with TAP Air Portugal only having departures take place out of the terminal.

The former Terminal D gates (the three gates at the north end of Terminal C) were renumbered and labeled as part of Terminal E in February 2006. These three gates were used, as part of Terminal E, by Southwest until their move to Terminal A.[60] In 2016, following construction of an airside connector between Terminals E and C, these three gates were renumbered again.

The airport's USO Lounge is located in the baggage claim area of Terminal C, lower level. It offers most typical amenities as other markets as major as Greater Boston. Military ID is mandatory.

Terminal E

Terminal E, also known as the John A. Volpe International Terminal named after the former Governor of Massachusetts and U.S. Secretary of Transportation,[10] serves as the international terminal for Logan and therefore houses the majority of its international arrivals (excluding flights from an origin that has U.S. border preclearance). Also, most non-U.S. carriers excluding Aer Lingus, Air Canada, TAP Air Portugal, and WestJet depart from Terminal E. The terminal was completed in 1974, and designed by Kubitz & Papi, Inc. and Desmond & Lord, Inc.[61] Massport completed the "Terminal E Modernization" project in August 1997 which improved the passenger facilities.[51] The International Gateway Project, designed by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill and DMJM Aviation, added 410,000 square feet (38,000 m²) to the terminal in 2003, and the entire project was completed in 2008.[51]

Terminal E has a total of 12 gates. All gates within the terminal are designated as common-use, meaning gates are assigned mostly based on an operational need, and no specific airline claims ownership of any of those gates.[62] All ticket counters and gates in Terminal E are shared among the international carriers. Terminal E has several airline lounges (e.g., Air France Lounge,[63] British Airways' First Lounge and Terraces Lounge,[64] Lufthansa's First Lounge and Business Lounges,[65] Virgin Atlantic's Clubhouse Lounge[66]). The third level of Terminal E is used for departures, the second for passport control via U.S. Customs and Border Protection, and the ground level for arrivals and customs, also via U.S. Customs and Border Protection.[62] The Federal Inspection Station located in Terminal E is capable of processing over 2,000 passengers per hour.[47]

Terminal E underwent a $100 million renovation which started in 2014, and includes a post-security connector between Terminals E and C (opened summer 2016), improved immigration and passport control kiosks, and gates capable of serving the Airbus A380.[67] The Terminal E expansion was completed in late January 2017.[59]

In summer 2019, Massport began another expansion project on Terminal E, due to continued growth at the airport. The project, which is slated to be completed in early 2023, will include the addition of 4 new international gates with two jetways each (E13-E16) with all-new shops, restaurants and other passenger services which will stretch into the current North Cargo area, and the renovation of gates E10, E11 and E12 that will each have three jetways to properly accommodate A380s. Additionally, a new TSA checkpoint will be built and the current ticketing, customs, and baggage claim areas will all be expanded. In total, the project is expected to cost $680 million and incorporate roughly 400,000 square feet (37,000 m²) of new space.[68][69]

Runways

Located partly in East Boston and partly in the Town of Winthrop, on Boston Harbor,[70] Logan International Airport covers an area of 2,384 acres (965 ha) which contains six runways:[3][71]

• Runway 4L/22R: 7,864 ft × 150 ft (2,397 m × 46 m)
• Runway 4R/22L: 10,006 ft × 150 ft (3,050 m × 46 m)
• Runway 9/27: 7,001 ft × 150 ft (2,134 m × 46 m)
• Runway 14/32: 5,000 ft × 100 ft (1,524 m × 30 m)
• Runway 15L/33R: 2,557 ft × 100 ft (779 m × 30 m)
• Runway 15R/33L: 10,083 ft × 150 ft (3,073 m × 46 m)

Additionally, the harbor to the south of the airport contains water Runway 14W/32W (3,000 ft × 1,000 ft (910 m × 300 m)); this runway, however, is not operated by Logan International Airport but is instead co-operated by two private seaplane bases (SPBs), Tailwind Boston SPB (FAA LID: MA17) and Cape Air Boston Harbor SPB (IATA: BNH, FAA LID: MA87).[72][73]

Between 1968 and 1971, Taxiway Sierra was converted into STOL runway 18/36, which was 1,800 ft (550 m) for use by Eastern Air Lines's STOL capable Breguet 941 turboprop shuttle.[74][75][76]

Instrument landing system approaches are available for runways 4R, 15R, 22L, 27, and 33L, with runways 4R and 33L certified for CAT III operations. The other runways with ILS are certified for CAT I Instrument Landing operations.[77] EMAS pads are located at the starting thresholds of runways 22R and 33L.[78]

The distinctive central control tower, nearly a dozen stories high, is a local landmark with its pair of segmented elliptical pylons and a six-story platform trussed between them.

Logan Airport has two cargo facilities: North Cargo is adjacent to Terminal E and South Cargo adjacent to Terminals A and B.[78] North Cargo is also the location of several maintenance hangars, including those operated by American Airlines, Delta Air Lines, and JetBlue.

Runway 14/32

Runway 14/32, which opened to air traffic on November 23, 2006, is unidirectional. Runway 32 is used for landings and 14 is used for takeoffs. Massport is barred by a court order from using the runway for overland landings or takeoffs, except in emergencies.[79]

There was fierce opposition towards the construction of 14/32 among communities adjacent to the northwest side of the airport, such as Chelsea and East Boston, as authorities acknowledged these areas would likely see increased noise levels. Many Residents of Winthrop and Revere also joined in opposition,[80] even though Massport had predicted the new traffic patterns allowed by 14/32 would actually reduce overflights and noise in those areas.

Since the opening of the new runway, there has been disagreement about when and how often it should operate. Residents have demanded a minimum of 11.5-knot (21.3 km/h) northwest winds, slightly higher than the 10-knot (19 km/h; 12 mph) threshold favored by Massport.

The rationale behind constructing the new runway 14/32 was that it reduces the need for improving existing Runway 15L/33R, which, at only 2,557 feet (779 m) is perhaps the shortest hard-surface runways at major airports in the United States.[81] In 1988, Massport had proposed an 800-foot (240 m) extension to 15L/33R (a project which would have required additional filling-in some land along a "clam bed"), but was thwarted by a court injunction.[82]^{[failed verification]}

Boston's Hyatt Harborside Hotel, which sits only a few hundred yards from the runway threshold, was built primarily^{[citation needed]} to prevent Massport from ever extending the length of 14/32 or using it for takeoffs or landings over the city. Massachusetts state legislators carefully chose the location of the hotel—directly in the runway centerline—prior to its construction in 1992.[83]

Ground transportation

Boston Logan International Airport was called the "Easiest Airport to Get To" in a 2007 article on aviation.com because of the variety of options to and from the airport.[84] These options include cars, taxis, the MBTA Blue and Silver lines, regional bus services, shared ride vans, ferries, limousines and an in-house airport operator (Massport) intercity bus common carrier, a service offered by few U.S. airports. The service, Logan Express, provides shuttle service to remote park and rides located at Back Bay, Braintree, Framingham, Peabody, and Woburn. Geographically, Logan is located 2.5 miles (4.0 km) northeast of Back Bay, a short distance with respect to other airports similarly sized and metropolitan areas served.[85]

Massport's Airport Shuttle provides free service between all terminals, the Airport station on the Blue Line and the Rental Car Center, as well as additional service to the water transportation dock located on Harborside Drive.[86]

Ride Shares serve the airport via the central parking garage.[87] Due to sheer volume of users who use the providers, both have been known to use mass-messaging of their customer base to galvanize political pressure and act on a pressure group towards Logan management at MassPort concerning various policies that can impact those providers.[88][89]

The SL1 branch of the MBTA's Silver Line bus rapid transit service connects all Logan terminals with South Station, a major transportation hub in the downtown Boston financial district that serves MBTA Commuter Rail, Amtrak, Red Line subway and intercity bus.[90] Airport station on the MBTA's Blue Line subway, despite its name, is not in the airport terminal itself; free shuttle buses carry passengers between the Airport station and the terminal buildings. The Blue Line connects with the Orange Line at State, which provides service to both North Station and Back Bay, the two other major rail transportation hubs for Boston. A transfer to the Green Line, which also runs to North Station, is available at Government Center station. The SL3 branch of the Silver Line connects Chelsea with the Airport Station. As of 2019, Massport is considering the construction of either an automated people-mover or rapid transit line to replace the airport shuttle.[91]

A 120,000 sq ft (11,000 m²) $310 million rental car center opened on September 24, 2013, consolidating all rental car companies into one shared building. Alamo, Avis, Budget, Dollar, Enterprise, Hertz, National, Payless, Sixt, Thrifty, and Zipcar rental car companies currently operate out of facility, which has 3,200 parking spaces across four levels. Access to the new facility is done through a unified bus system consisting of 28 fuel efficient clean hybrid buses operated by Massport which provides service between all the terminals and the rental car center.[92] A handful of livery-plate operators also service the airport offering various chauffeured car, van, or limousine for-hire offerings.

Public safety

Police services are provided by the Massachusetts State Police Troop F. Fire protection is the responsibility of the Massport Fire Rescue.[93] Even though the airport is technically within city limits, under Massachusetts state law municipal police such as the Boston Police Department do not have jurisdiction on Massport property.[94]

A 250-foot security zone, established in 2002, surrounds the waters around the airport which are marked by 29 buoys indicating the restricted area. The area is patrolled by the Massachusetts State Police, the Boston Police Department, the Massachusetts Environmental Police, the United States Coast Guard and the Boston and Winthrop Harbormasters. Anyone who enters the zone for non-emergency purposes is subject to prosecution and is entered into a State Police database that tracks offenders.[95][96]

Other facilities

Currently, major air cargo companies such as British Airways World Cargo, Lufthansa Cargo, Cathay Pacific Cargo, Martinair Cargo, China Airlines Cargo, EVA Air Cargo and many more cargo carriers have cargo offices on Airport property.[97] Also, American Airlines, Delta and JetBlue have maintenance hangars at the airport, all located adjacent to the office building near Terminal E and the North Cargo Terminal.[98] Delta TechOps is Delta Air Lines primary maintenance, repair and overhaul arm.

Also located on the property is the Amelia Earhart General Aviation Terminal which is located near Runway 14/32 and next to the Massport Fire Rescue headquarters. The terminal was built in 1980, and dedicated to former Boston resident Earhart in 1984.[99] Until 2006, American Eagle flights flew out of the terminal when all flights were consolidated in the former B22-29 gates in Pier A, the north building of Terminal B. Passengers had to take a shuttle bus from Terminal B to the Earhart Terminal.[100][101] The terminal currently sits mostly unused.

Terminal C is home to the airport's chapel, Our Lady of the Airways. Opened in 1951, it is considered the first airport chapel in the United States.[102][103][104] The chapel was originally Catholic, but is now non-denominational.[105][106]

Airlines and destinations

Passenger

Airlines	Destinations	Ref.
Aer Lingus	Dublin, Shannon	[107]
Air Canada	Toronto–Pearson Seasonal: Montréal–Trudeau, Vancouver	[108][better source needed]
Air Canada Express	Halifax, Montréal–Trudeau, Ottawa, Toronto–Pearson	[108][better source needed]
Air France	Paris–Charles de Gaulle	[109][better source needed]
Alaska Airlines	Portland (OR), San Diego, San Francisco, Seattle/Tacoma	[110][better source needed]
Allegiant Air	Asheville, Destin/Fort Walton Beach, Knoxville Seasonal: Grand Rapids, Norfolk, Sarasota	[111][better source needed]
American Airlines	Austin, Charlotte, Chicago–O'Hare, Dallas/Fort Worth, London–Heathrow, Los Angeles, Miami, New York–JFK, Philadelphia, Phoenix–Sky Harbor, St. Louis, Washington–National Seasonal: Cancún, Jackson Hole, Montego Bay, Providenciales, Punta Cana	[112][better source needed]
American Eagle	Charlotte, Cincinnati, Columbus–Glenn, Harrisburg, Indianapolis, New York–JFK, Louisville, Memphis, Rochester (NY), Syracuse, Toronto–Pearson, Washington–National Seasonal: Halifax, Hilton Head, Pensacola, Traverse City, Wilmington (NC)	[112][better source needed]
Azores Airlines	Lisbon, Ponta Delgada, Terceira	[113][better source needed]
Boutique Air	Massena Seasonal: Burlington	[114]
British Airways	London–Heathrow	[115][better source needed]
Cabo Verde Airlines	Praia, Sal	[116][better source needed]
Cape Air	Augusta (ME), Bar Harbor, Hyannis, Lebanon (NH), Martha's Vineyard, Nantucket, Portland (ME), Provincetown, Rockland, Rutland, Saranac Lake/Lake Placid	[117][better source needed]
Cathay Pacific	Hong Kong	[118][better source needed]
Condor	Seasonal: Frankfurt	[119]
Copa Airlines	Panama City–Tocumen	[120]
Delta Air Lines	Amsterdam, Atlanta, Austin, Buffalo (begins November 9, 2022),[121] Cancún, Chicago–O'Hare, Cincinnati, Dallas/Fort Worth, Denver,[122] Detroit, Dublin, Fort Lauderdale, Fort Myers, Jacksonville (FL),[123] Kansas City, Las Vegas, London–Heathrow, Los Angeles, Miami, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Nashville, New Orleans, New York–JFK, New York–LaGuardia, Orlando, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Phoenix–Sky Harbor (begins December 17, 2022),[124] Raleigh/Durham, Rochester (NY) (begins November 9, 2022),[125] Salt Lake City, San Diego, San Francisco, Seattle/Tacoma, Tampa, Tel Aviv, West Palm Beach Seasonal: Aruba, Athens, Edinburgh, Lisbon, Montego Bay, Nassau, Providenciales, Punta Cana, Rome–Fiumicino, San Juan (begins December 17, 2022),[126] St. Thomas	[127]
Delta Connection	Baltimore, Bangor, Charleston (SC), Charlotte, Chicago–O'Hare, Cleveland, Columbus–Glenn, Indianapolis, Jacksonville (FL), Kansas City, Milwaukee, Nashville, Newark, New York–JFK, New York–LaGuardia, Norfolk, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Richmond, Savannah, Washington–National, White Plains	[127]
El Al	Tel Aviv	[128]
Emirates	Dubai–International	[129]
Frontier Airlines	Cancún, Fort Myers, Miami, Orlando, Philadelphia, Tampa Seasonal: Denver	[130]
Hawaiian Airlines	Honolulu	[131]
Iberia	Madrid	[132]
Icelandair	Reykjavík–Keflavík	[133]
ITA Airways	Rome–Fiumicino	[134]
Japan Airlines	Tokyo–Narita	[135]
JetBlue	Aruba, Atlanta, Austin, Baltimore, Barbados, Bermuda, Buffalo, Cancún, Charleston (SC), Charlotte, Chicago–O'Hare, Cleveland, Dallas/Fort Worth, Denver, Detroit, Fort Lauderdale, Fort Myers, Houston–Intercontinental, Jacksonville (FL), Kansas City, Las Vegas, London–Gatwick,[136] London–Heathrow,[136] Los Angeles, Miami, Milwaukee, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Montego Bay, Nashville, Nassau, Newark, New Orleans, New York–JFK, New York–LaGuardia, Orlando, Philadelphia, Phoenix–Sky Harbor, Pittsburgh, Punta Cana, Raleigh/Durham, Richmond, Rochester (NY), Salt Lake City, San Antonio, San Diego, San Francisco, San Juan, Santiago de los Caballeros, Santo Domingo–Las Américas, Savannah, Seattle/Tacoma, Syracuse, Tampa, Washington–National, West Palm Beach Seasonal: Asheville, Bozeman, Grand Cayman, Hayden/Steamboat Springs, Key West, Liberia (CR), Martha's Vineyard, Nantucket, Palm Springs, Port-au-Prince, Portland (OR), Providenciales, Puerto Plata, Sacramento, San Jose (CA), Sarasota, St. Lucia–Hewanorra, St. Maarten, St. Thomas	[137]
KLM	Amsterdam	[138]
Korean Air	Seoul–Incheon	[139]
LATAM Brasil	São Paulo–Guarulhos (resumes November 1, 2022)[140]	[141]
Level	Barcelona	[142]
Lufthansa	Frankfurt, Munich	[143]
PLAY	Reykjavík–Keflavík	[144]
Porter Airlines	Toronto–Billy Bishop	[145]
Qatar Airways	Doha	[146]
Scandinavian Airlines	Copenhagen	[147]
Southwest Airlines	Baltimore, Chicago–Midway, Denver, Nashville, Orlando, St. Louis Seasonal: Austin (resumes November 12, 2022),[148] Fort Lauderdale, Houston–Hobby, Kansas City	[149]
Spirit Airlines	Atlanta, Fort Lauderdale, Las Vegas, Miami, Myrtle Beach, New Orleans, Orlando, San Juan Seasonal: Atlantic City, Baltimore, Chicago–O'Hare, Fort Myers, Tampa, West Palm Beach	[150]
Sun Country Airlines	Seasonal: Minneapolis/St. Paul	[151]
Swiss International Air Lines	Zurich	[152]
TAP Air Portugal	Lisbon	[153][better source needed]
Turkish Airlines	Istanbul	[154][better source needed]
United Airlines	Chicago–O'Hare, Denver, Houston–Intercontinental, London–Heathrow, Los Angeles, Newark, San Francisco, Washington–Dulles	[155][better source needed]
United Express	Chicago–O'Hare, Newark, Washington–Dulles	[156][better source needed]
Virgin Atlantic	London–Heathrow	[157][better source needed]
WestJet	Seasonal: Calgary	[158]
WestJet Encore	Toronto–Pearson (ends October 29, 2022)[159]	[158]

Seaplane

Tailwind Air's seasonal seaplane service to Manhattan began on August 3, 2021.[160] Cape Air is approved but has not yet begun scheduled service.[161]

Cargo

Logan Airport is a medium-sized airport in terms of cargo, handling 684,875 tons of freight in 2012, making it the 10th busiest airport in the U.S. in terms of cargo. It handles many U.S.-based cargo airlines, including DHL Aviation, FedEx Express and UPS Airlines. It also has cargo offices for many international cargo carriers, including British Airways World Cargo, Cathay Pacific Cargo, China Airlines Cargo, EVA Air Cargo, LATAM Cargo Chile and Saudia Cargo.[162] It has two cargo complexes: the North Cargo Terminal, located near Terminal E, and South Cargo, located near Terminal A.[78] Given that the airport is the 10th busiest cargo facility in the country, with many companies operating at the airport, it has been recognized that future expansion of cargo from Logan is limited due to constrained physical space for expansion.[163]

Airlines	Destinations
Atlas Air	Cincinnati
Ameriflight	Newark
FedEx Express	Greensboro, Indianapolis, Memphis, Newark
UPS Airlines	Chicago–O'Hare, Dallas/Ft. Worth, Louisville, Philadelphia

Statistics

Top destinations

Busiest domestic routes from BOS (July 2021 – June 2022)[164]

Rank	Airport	Passengers	Airlines served
1	Atlanta, Georgia	665,000	Delta, JetBlue, Spirit
2	Chicago–O'Hare, Illinois	642,000	American, Delta, JetBlue, Spirit, United
3	Washington–National, Virginia	640,000	American, Delta, JetBlue
4	Orlando, Florida	639,000	Delta, Frontier, JetBlue, Southwest, Spirit, United
5	Miami, Florida	606,000	American, Delta, Frontier, JetBlue
6	Los Angeles, California	580,000	Alaska, American, Delta, JetBlue, United
7	Charlotte, North Carolina	510,000	American, Delta, JetBlue
8	Fort Lauderdale, Florida	460,000	Delta, JetBlue, Southwest, Spirit
9	San Francisco, California	450,000	Alaska, Delta, JetBlue, United
10	Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas	432,000	Frontier, JetBlue, Southwest, United

Busiest international routes to and from BOS (2021)[165]

Rank	City	Passengers	Carriers
1	Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic	169,773	JetBlue
2	London–Heathrow, United Kingdom	169,046	American, British Airways, Delta, United, Virgin Atlantic
3	Oranjestad, Aruba	168,129	Delta, JetBlue
4	Santiago de los Caballeros, Dominican Republic	139,637	JetBlue
5	Reykjavík–Keflavík, Iceland	108,751	Icelandair, PLAY
6	Cancún, Mexico	105,100	American, Delta, JetBlue
7	Amsterdam, Netherlands	104,996	Delta, KLM
8	Istanbul, Turkey	98,213	Turkish Airlines
9	Paris–Charles de Gaulle, France	96,414	Air France, Delta
10	Doha, Qatar	93,142	Qatar Airways
11	Frankfurt, Germany	86,859	Condor, Lufthansa
12	Dublin, Ireland	80,429	Aer Lingus, Delta Air Lines
13	Dubai–International, United Arab Emirates	69,285	Emirates
14	Lisbon, Portugal	67,619	Delta, TAP Air Portugal
15	Ponta Delgada, Portugal	56,440	Azores Airlines
16	Toronto–Pearson, Canada	56,121	Air Canada, American, WestJet
17	Zürich, Switzerland	47,838	Swiss
18	Munich, Gernmany	44,992	Lufthansa
19	Hamilton, Bermuda	33,473	JetBlue
20	Montréal–Trudeau, Canada	32,521	Air Canada

Airline market share

Busiest airlines serving BOS (July 2021 – June 2022)[166]

Rank	Carrier	Passengers	Share
1	JetBlue Airways	7,566,000	28.92%
2	American Airlines	4,988,000	19.11%
3	Delta Air Lines	4,863,000	18.59%
4	United Airlines	2,742,000	10.48%
5	Southwest Airlines	1,265,000	4.83%
-	Other*	4,726,000	18.07%

* - Includes flights operated by American Eagle, Delta Connection, and United Express partner airlines. The specific airline total passenger numbers only include mainline operations.

Annual traffic

Annual traffic[2][167]

	Passengers	Change from previous year	Aircraft operations	Total cargo (freight, express, & mail) (lbs.)
1998	26,526,708	N/A	507,449	803,841,263
1999	27,052,078	02.0%	494,816	824,167,499
2000	27,726,833	02.5%	487,996	852,347,154
2001	24,474,930	011.7%	463,125	744,797,296
2002	22,696,141	07.3%	392,079	789,610,008
2003	22,791,169	00.4%	373,304	744,838,287
2004	26,142,516	014.7%	405,258	759,274,990
2005	27,087,905	03.6%	409,066	741,517,308
2006	27,725,443	02.4%	406,119	679,068,089
2007	28,102,455	01.4%	399,537	632,449,775
2008	26,102,651	07.1%	371,604	587,772,302
2009	25,512,086	02.3%	345,306	517,557,182
2010	27,428,962	07.5%	352,643	546,379,403
2011	28,907,938	05.4%	368,987	529,212,783
2012	29,325,617	01.4%	354,869	525,392,642
2013	30,318,631	03.4%	361,339	538,192,790
2014	31,634,445	04.7%	363,797	585,459,955
2015	33,449,580	05.7%	372,930	575,781,601
2016	36,288,042	08.5%	391,222	616,933,699
2017	38,412,419	05.9%	401,371	679,407,977
2018	40,941,925	06.6%	424,024	704,200,557
2019	42,522,411	03.9%	427,176	688,939,147
2020	12,618,128	070.3%	206,702	575,471,964
2021	22,678,499	079.7%	266,034	617,962,396

Accidents and incidents

Accidents

• On June 5, 1930, A Colonial Air Transport Ford Trimotor bound for New York went nose down after takeoff and crashed into the sea. The aircraft came to rest in seven feet (2.1 m) of water. One passenger died out of the 13 passengers and two crew.[168]
• On October 4, 1960, Eastern Air Lines Flight 375, a Lockheed L-188 Electra crashed into the sea while attempting to take off from Logan Airport. Sixty-two people died and ten people survived, incurring serious injuries.[169]
• On November 15, 1961, A Vickers Viscount N6592C of Northeast Airlines was written off when it collided with a Douglas DC-6 N8228H of National Airlines after landing at Logan International Airport. The DC-6 had started to take off without receiving clearance to do so.[170][171]
• On March 10, 1964, a Slick Airways DC-4 crashed 1.3 mi (2.1 km) southwest of Logan while on final approach. All three occupants were killed. Loss of control due to accumulation of ice on the horizontal stabilizer, causing the aircraft to pitch down, was the probable cause.[172]
• On July 31, 1973, Delta Air Lines Flight 723 crashed while on an ILS instrument approach in heavy fog. The DC-9 struck a seawall, killing all 89 occupants. Two people initially survived, but later succumbed to their injuries. It is considered the deadliest crash to occur at Logan Airport.
• On November 3, 1973, Pan Am Flight 160, a Boeing 707-321C cargo aircraft, crashed on approach to Boston-Logan. Smoke in the cockpit caused the pilots to lose control. All three crewmembers died in the accident.[173]
• On December 17, 1973, Iberia Airlines Flight 933 from Madrid Barajas International Airport collided with the ALS system 500 feet (150 m) short of the runway threshold, critically damaging the front landing gear and causing it to collapse. The aircraft came to a rest 300 feet (91 m) short of the runway. All 168 onboard survived; however, the aircraft was written off and was the first hull loss of a DC-10.
• On January 23, 1982, World Airways Flight 30H from Newark to Boston made a non-precision instrument approach to runway 15R and touched down 2,800 feet (850 m) past the displaced threshold on an icy runway. When the crew sensed that the DC-10-30-CF couldn't be stopped on the remaining runway, they steered the DC-10 off the side of the runway to avoid the approach light pier, and slid into the shallow water of Boston Harbor. The nose section separated as the DC-10 came to rest 250 feet (76 m) past the runway end, 110 feet (34 m) left of the extended centerline. Two passengers (a father and son) were never found and are presumed to have been swept out to sea.[174]

Incidents

• On October 2, 1954, a Massachusetts Air National Guard F94 Starfire experienced engine failure and crashed near Logan Airport. Its pilot, First Lieutenant James O. Conway, sacrificed his life by veering the plane into an embankment on Bayswater Street in East Boston. A memorial was placed nearby.[175]
• On July 2, 1976, an unoccupied Eastern Airlines L-188 Electra parked at Boston Logan Airport was destroyed by a bomb planted in the landing gear compartment. No one was injured.[176]
• On September 17, 1979, a McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32 with the registration C-FTLU operating as Air Canada Flight 680 left Boston for Yarmouth, NS. 14 minutes after taking off from Logan, the entire tailcone section of the aircraft separated resulting in rapid decompression at an altitude of 25,000 feet (7,600 m) and leaving a large hole in the rear fuselage. A beverage cart and other items in the cabin were sucked out of the aircraft over the Atlantic Ocean, but there were no fatalities or significant injuries. The aircraft safely returned to Boston without further incident. Fatigue cracks were determined to be the cause. Four years later, this same aircraft would be destroyed by a fire on June 2, 1983, as Air Canada Flight 797.
• On September 11, 2001, two Los Angeles-bound flights, American Airlines Flight 11 and United Airlines Flight 175, which were hijacked in the September 11 attacks and flown into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center, ultimately leading to their destruction, originated at and departed from Logan Airport. American flags now fly over gates B32 and C19, the respective gates that the two planes pushed back from on this day. Under political pressure, acting Governor Jane Swift forced the CEO of Massport to resign, but it was later determined that the failure had been with the airline security checkpoint policy of allowing small knives, and not anything to do with Logan management.[177]
• On June 9, 2005, US Airways Flight 1170 and Aer Lingus Flight 132 narrowly avoided collision when they were cleared for takeoff nearly simultaneously on intersecting runways by two different controllers. The crew of the US Airways flight spotted the oncoming Aer Lingus jet and avoided a collision by keeping their own aircraft on the runway past their normal rotation point, allowing the Aer Lingus flight to pass over them. Both flights lifted off safely and continued to their destinations without further incident.
• On January 7, 2013, ground crew workers noticed smoke coming out from the battery compartment in a parked Japan Airlines Boeing 787 Dreamliner at the gate.[178] This fire was caused by overcharged lithium-ion batteries, eventually leading to the grounding of the worldwide Boeing 787 fleet[179] and subsequent redesign of the battery systems.[180]

Alternative airports

The two historically known alternative airports to Logan are both located outside the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. Manchester–Boston Regional Airport in Manchester, New Hampshire, is located approximately 56 statute miles (90 km) north-northwest of Logan, an average drive time of 62 minutes via I-90 and I-93. T. F. Green Airport in Warwick, Rhode Island, is located 60 statute miles (97 km) south-southwest of Logan, averaging 76 minutes from Logan via I-90, I-93, and I-95, or a 100-minute ride via the Silver Line SL1 bus to South Station and then the Providence/Stoughton Line commuter rail to T. F. Green Airport station.[181] Massport does not operate these facilities.

Massport does operate Worcester Regional Airport in Worcester, Massachusetts, which also serves as an alternative to Logan, although not widely known as such. In late 2017, the airport finished construction on a Category IIIb Landing System that would allow for arrivals and departures in virtually all weather conditions.[182] The increased reliability, which has been the main concern for airlines operating at the notoriously foggy airport over the years, was expected to draw additional service. The airport is located 47 statute miles (76 km) due west of Logan, primarily accessed via Interstates I-90 and I-290.

See also

• Airports in Massachusetts
• Airports in the Boston area
• Busiest airports in the United States by both domestic and international passengers
• Busiest airports in the United States by total passenger boardings
• Class B airports in the United States
• List of international airports by country
• September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks
• US busiest airports by international passenger traffic
• World War II Army Airfields in Massachusetts
• World's busiest airports by cargo traffic
• World's busiest airports by international passenger traffic
• World's busiest airports by passenger traffic
• World's busiest airports by traffic movements

References

External links

External video
Lt. General Edward Logan Statue Dedication at Logan Airport on May 20, 1956, an 8mm amateur film by one John L. Kelly of East Boston

• Official website
• Logan International Airport on Facebook
• Terminal Map of Logan International Airport
• "Airport Wayfinder: Boston Logan". airportwayfinder.com. Archived from the original on August 29, 2016. Retrieved August 29, 2016.
• Noise Complaints
• FAA Airport Diagram (PDF), effective October 6, 2022
• Resources for this airport:
  • AirNav airport information for KBOS
  • ASN accident history for BOS
  • FlightAware airport information and live flight tracker
  • NOAA/NWS weather observations: current, past three days
  • SkyVector aeronautical chart for KBOS
  • FAA current BOS delay information

На других языках

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[de] Logan International Airport

Der Edward Lawrence Logan International Airport (IATA: BOS, ICAO: KBOS) ist der internationale Flughafen von Boston im US-Bundesstaat Massachusetts. Gemessen am Passagieraufkommen lag er im Jahr 2018 auf Platz 16 der größten Flughäfen in den Vereinigten Staaten, weltweit lag er auf Platz 53.[4]

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- [en] Logan International Airport

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[es] Aeropuerto Internacional Logan

El Aeropuerto Internacional Logan de Boston (en inglés: Logan International Airport) (IATA: BOS, OACI: KBOS) se encuentra en la ciudad de Boston, estado de Massachusetts, en los Estados Unidos. El aeropuerto posee 6 pistas de aterrizaje y puede emplear aproximadamente a 16,000 personas. Es el mayor aeropuerto de Nueva Inglaterra y el aeropuerto número 19 en cuanto a actividad, en todo Estados Unidos, con 13.5 millones de pasajeros en un año y alcanzando 28 millones de pasajeros en el año 2011.

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[fr] Aéroport international Logan de Boston

L’aéroport international Logan de Boston (nom complet en anglais : General Edward Lawrence Logan International Airport), (code IATA : BOS • code OACI : KBOS), est un aéroport américain desservant la ville de Boston dans l'État du Massachusetts. En 2011, il était le 19e aéroport des États-Unis et 48e mondial, ayant transporté 28 866 313 passagers pour 55 compagnies aériennes.

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[it] Aeroporto Internazionale Generale Edward Lawrence Logan

L'Aeroporto Internazionale Generale Edward Lawrence Logan (IATA: BOS, ICAO: KBOS) è situato a est di Boston, Massachusetts, negli Stati Uniti. È attualmente uno dei venti aeroporti più trafficati degli Stati Uniti con oltre 40 milioni di passeggeri che vi transitano ogni anno. È scalo di primaria importanza per le compagnie aeree American Airlines, JetBlue Airways e Delta Air Lines e United Airlines.

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[ru] Логан (аэропорт)

Международный аэропорт имени генерала Эдварда Лоуренса Логана (англ. General Edward Lawrence Logan International Airport) или Международный аэропорт Логан (англ. Logan International Airport) (ИАТА: BOS, ИКАО: KBOS, FAA LID: BOS) — аэропорт в Восточном Бостоне недалеко от города Бостон, Массачусетс, США (и частично в городе Уинтроп, Массачусетс), один из 20 самых загруженных аэропортов США, пассажирооборот которого составил в 2007 году 28 102 455 человек. В 2016 году пассажирооборот составил 36 млн. Аэропорт является фокусным для Delta Air Lines, American Airlines и JetBlue Airways.

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