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The Boom Overture is a proposed Mach 1.7 (1,000 kn; 1,800 km/h; 1,100 mph), 65–88 passenger supersonic airliner with 4,250 nmi (7,870 km; 4,890 mi) of range, which is planned to be introduced in 2029 by Boom Technology.[1] The company claims that with 500 viable routes, there could be a market for 1,000 supersonic airliners with business class fares. It had gathered 76 commitments by December 2017. The aircraft is planned to have a delta wing configuration (similar to the Concorde), but will be built with composite materials. Following a redesign revealed in 2022 it is intended to be powered by four dry (non-afterburning) 15,000–20,000 lbf (67–89 kN) turbofans.[2] Regulations for takeoff noise or overland boom can be met or changed.[3]

Overture
Concept art of Boom Overture in flight
Role	Supersonic airliner Type of aircraft
National origin	United States
Manufacturer	Boom Technology
Status	Under development

Market

The company says five hundred daily routes would be viable: at Mach 1.7 over water, New York/Newark and London would be 3 hours and 30 minutes apart; Newark and Frankfurt would be 4 hours apart. With 4,500 nmi (8,300 km) range, transpacific flights would require a refueling stop: San Francisco and Tokyo would be 6 hours apart.[4][5] There could be a market for 1,000 supersonic airliners by 2035.[5] Boom targets a $200 million price, not discounted and excluding options and interior, in 2016 dollars. The company claims that operational costs per premium available seat mile will be lower than subsonic wide-body aircraft.[6] The Boom factory will be sized to assemble up to 100 aircraft per year for a 1,000- to 2,000-aircraft potential market over 10 years.[7]

Boom targets $5,000 fares for a New York-to-London round-trip, while the same on Concorde cost $20,000 adjusted for inflation; it was its only profitable route.[8] The same fuel burn enables fares similar to subsonic business class among other factors.[7] For long-range routes like San Francisco–Tokyo and Los Angeles–Sydney, 30 lie-flat first-class seats could be proposed alongside 15 business-class seats.[9]

In March 2016, Richard Branson confirmed that Virgin Group holds options for 10 aircraft, and Virgin Galactic's subsidiary The Spaceship Company will aid in manufacturing and testing the jet.[10] An unnamed European carrier also holds options for 15 aircraft; the two deals total 5 billion dollars.[11] At the 2017 Paris Air Show, 51 commitments were added for a backlog of 76 with significant deposits.[9] In December 2017, Japan Airlines was confirmed to have pre-ordered up to 20 jets among the commitments to 76 from five airlines.[3] Boom CEO Blake Scholl thinks 2,000 supersonic jets will connect 500 cities and promises £2,000 for London to New York one-way, comparable with existing subsonic business class.[12]

On June 3, 2021, United Airlines announced they had signed an agreement to purchase 15 Overture aircraft with an additional 35 options, expecting to start passenger flights by 2029.[13][14]

On August 16, 2022, American Airlines announced an agreement to purchase 20 Overture aircraft with an additional 40 options.[15]

Order Summary

Boom Overture net orders

Initial date	Customer	Combined orders
March 23, 2016	Virgin Group	10
March 23, 2016	Unidentified European customer	15
June 20, 2017	Unidentified customers	51
December 5, 2017	Japan Airlines	20
June 3, 2021	United Airlines	50
August 16, 2022	American Airlines	60
Totals		206

Development

By March 2016, the company had created concept drawings and wooden mockups of parts of the aircraft.[16]

In October 2016, the design was stretched to 155 ft (47 m) to seat up to 50 passengers with ten extra seats, its wingspan marginally increased, and a third engine was added to enable ETOPS with up to a 180 minutes diversion time.[17] The plane could seat 55 passengers in a higher-density configuration.[18]

Boom initially targeted a Mach 2.2 cruise speed to fit with transoceanic airline timetables and allow higher utilization, while keeping airport noise to Stage 4, similar to subsonic long-range aircraft.[19] The plane configuration was intended to be locked in late 2019 to early 2020 for a launch with engine selection, supply chain, production site.[19] Development and certification of the airliner and its engine were estimated at $6 billion, requiring Series C investors.[19] Enough money was raised in the B round of fundraising to be able to hit key milestones, including flying the demonstrator (XB-1) to prove the technology, building up an order backlog, finding key suppliers for engines, aerostructures, and avionics, and lay out the certification process, with many special conditions but with precedents.[19]

At the June 2019 Paris Air Show, Boom CEO Blake Scholl announced the introduction of the Overture was delayed from 2023 to the 2025–2027 timeframe, following a two-year test campaign with six aircraft.[20] In September 2020, the company announced that they have been contracted by the United States Air Force to develop the Overture for possible use as Air Force One.[21]

On October 7, 2020, Boom publicly unveiled its XB-1 demonstrator, which it planned to fly for the first time in 2021 from Mojave Air and Space Port, California. It expected to begin wind tunnel tests for the Overture in 2021, and start construction of a manufacturing facility in 2022, with the capacity to produce 5 to 10 aircraft monthly. The first Overture would be unveiled in 2025, with the aim of achieving type certification by 2029.[22] Flights should be available in 2030, as estimated by Blake Scholl.[23]

Boom currently targets a Mach 1.7 cruise.[24] In January 2022, Boom announced a grant of US$60m from the US Air Force’s AFWERX program to further develop the Boom Overture supersonic airliner.[25] In July 2022, Boom announced a partnership with Northrop Grumman to develop a special mission variant for the U.S. Government and its allies.[2]

On July 19, 2022, Boom unveiled a revised proposal for the production version of the Overture at the Farnborough Airshow. This version has four engines and a tailed delta wing.[2]

However a suitable engine type or its manufacturer have yet to be found. The "Big three" engine manufacturers; Rolls-Royce, Pratt & Whitney and General Electric, have been joined by others including CFM and Safran (formerly SNECMA) in declining to develop one.[26][27][28]

Design

Its wing configuration is a conventional compound delta for low supersonic drag, designed to be like a 75% scale model of Concorde. It features no low sonic boom unlike the SAI Quiet Supersonic Transport (QSST), or laminar supersonic flow technology from the Aerion AS2.[29] Due to the low 1.5 wing aspect ratio, low-speed drag is high, and the aircraft requires high thrust at take-off.[29] Boom also needs to address the nose-up attitude on landing.[29] Airframe maintenance costs are expected to be similar to those of other carbon fiber airliners.[5] The Overture should operate at a quarter of the costs of Concorde by relying on dry (no afterburner) engines, composite structures, and improved technology since Concorde's development.[3] The 55-seat airliner would weigh 77,100 kg (170,000 lb)[8] In 2021, Boom presents a longer length of 205 ft (62 m) with a capacity of 65 to 88.[24] Changes to maximum take-off weight or required engine thrust are not disclosed.

The FAA and ICAO are working on a sonic boom standard to allow supersonic flights overland.[30] NASA plans to fly its Low Boom Flight Demonstrator for the first time in 2022 to assess public acceptability of a 75 PNLdB boom, lower than Concorde's 105 PNLdB.[30] The Overture is expected to not be louder at takeoff than current airliners like the Boeing 777-300ER.[30] Supersonic jets could be exempted from the FAA takeoff noise regulations, reducing their fuel consumption by 20–30% by using narrower engines optimized for acceleration over limiting noise.[3] In 2017, Honeywell and NASA tested predictive software and cockpit displays showing the sonic booms en route, to minimize its disruption overland.^{[citation needed]}

Design changes announced in July 2022 included an increase in the number of engines to four to allow for smaller less technically challenging engines and to allow takeoff at derated levels to lower noise, and redesigned gull form wing and fuselage to reduce drag.[2]

Engines

Boom intends to use moderate-bypass turbofans which can achieve supercruise (supersonic flight without afterburners) and will not have them fitted. Concorde's Rolls-Royce/Snecma Olympus could sustain supercruise, but required afterburners for takeoff and transonic acceleration.[29] Although improved over afterburning, supercruise still creates more noise for worse fuel consumption compared with a modern subsonic wide-body aircraft.[29] A supersonic aircraft is estimated to burn at least three times as much fuel per passenger as a subsonic aircraft.[31]

The only current supersonic engines available are jet fighter engines, which have neither the fuel economy nor the reliability required for commercial aviation. [29] Boom propose a modified version of an existing turbofan engine design, although it will come with higher maintenance costs.[5] An engine was to have been selected in 2018, being either a derivative of a commercial engine or a clean-sheet design. Developing the engine around an existing commercial engine core, with a new low-pressure spool, is preferred over a clean-sheet design.[30]

A 55-seat model was to have been powered by three 15,000–20,000 lbf (67–89 kN) engines without afterburners, with shorter maintenance intervals than subsonic jets.[3]

Larger diameter fans have higher cruise thrust requirements for a higher fuel-burn and lower range, but are preferred due to their higher bypass and lower take-off noise.[30] It is unlikely to be a modified military engine, due to export controls.[7] Intake compression would need a low-pressure core, and derivatives of existing 3–4:1 bypass-ratio turbofans are a compromise between takeoff noise and wave drag, with a good fuel efficiency.[32] Dave Richardson, of Lockheed Martin's Skunk Works, noted that suitable engines with low overall pressure ratio are scarce.[32] Development of 1950s–1960s engines like the GE J79, GE YJ93, GE4, PW J58 or Rolls-Royce Olympus ended when higher efficiency was pursued, and subsequent advances in materials science for much hotter cores are not optimized for long supersonic endurance.[32] Current engines are even less suitable than the PW JT8D or GE J79.

The high development costs render new low-bypass-ratio turbofans unlikely.[32] As of November 2016^[update], no engine manufacturer could develop such an engine based on sales of only 10 units.[29] In July 2020, the company entered into an agreement with Rolls-Royce to collaborate on engine management.[33] Having delivered their findings, Rolls-Royce are not pursuing the market any further.[34]

Fuel

The aircraft is intended to be capable of running completely on Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF), in contrast with commercial aircraft using engines certified to fly with fifty percent SAF in 2021.[35]

Specifications

Data from Boom[24]

General characteristics

• Capacity: 65 to 80 passengers
• Length: 201 ft (61 m)
• Max takeoff weight: 170,000[8] lb (77,111 kg)
• Powerplant: 4 × medium-bypass turbofans , 15,000–20,000[3] lbf (67–89 kN) thrust each

Performance

• Maximum speed: Mach 1.7 (2,083 km/h)
• Range: 4,250 nmi (4,890 mi, 7,870 km)
• Balanced Field Length: 10,000 ft (3,048 m)[36]

See also

• Supersonic transport
• Supersonic business jet

Related development

• Boom XB-1

Related lists

• List of airliners

References

External links

• Official website

На других языках

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[de] Boom Overture

Die Boom Overture ist ein projektiertes mehrstrahliges Überschallflugzeug des Start-up-Luftfahrtunternehmens Boom Technology.[2] Es basiert auf dem Versuchsträger Boom XB-1 und soll ab Ende der 2020er Jahre als Nachfolger der Concorde für den Überschall-Flugliniendienst eingesetzt werden.[3]

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- [en] Boom Overture

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[fr] Boom Overture

Le Boom Overture est un futur avion de ligne supersonique conçu par Boom Technology. Cet appareil fait suite au prototype Boom XB-1. United Airlines annonce sa première commande le 3 juin 2021 pour 15 avions et 35 options supplémentaires. Il est proposé pour effectuer des services comme New York-Londres en 3h30. Il peut emporter entre 65 et 88 passagers en classe tout affaire[1]. Boom vante l'appareil comme étant le premier supersonique utilisant entièrement du biocarburant.

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