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The KJ-2000 (Chinese: 空警-2000; pinyin: Kōngjǐng Liǎngqiān; lit. 'Airwarning-2000'), NATO reporting name: Mainring is a Chinese Airborne early warning and control system comprising domestically designed electronics and radars installed on a modified Ilyushin Il-76 airframe.[2]
| KJ-2000 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| A KJ-2000 in flight at the 2014 Zhuhai Air Show | |
| Role | Airborne early warning and control |
| National origin | Russia/China |
| Manufacturer | Ilyushin |
| First flight | 2003[citation needed] |
| Status | Active |
| Primary user | People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) |
| Number built | 5[1] |
| Developed from | Ilyushin Il-76 |
Development
The KJ-2000 development program started after the cancellation of the A-50I deal with Israel and Russia in July 2000, due to strong U.S. pressure regarding the Israeli radar that was to be mounted. China then went on to develop a domestic AWACS and the first aircraft made its maiden flight in 2003.
Four KJ-2000 aircraft have been identified so far, but production of new aircraft will likely be delayed, dependent on the acquisition of Il-76 airframes. Currently, the Russian defense exporter Rosoboronexport has imposed a significant price hike on all future Il-76s delivered to China and India despite previous contracts. Both countries are currently in negotiation with Russia regarding this matter as of early 2008.[3]
In March 2011, Russia/China negotiations reached a new agreement to move production of Il-76s to Chinese owned companies. In this way it is expected production can be run smoothly to supply China with new Il-76 airframes, while delivery of Soloviev D-30KP-2 engines is not affected by recent issues.[3]
Due to unreliable external supplier sources, China has developed a backup known as the KJ-200 by installing a simplified system on board the Shaanxi Y-8. This aircraft has a similar configuration to that of the KJ-2000 and is characterized by the triple tail-fin configuration (one large and two small).
Design
The Chinese AWACS has a phased array radar (PAR) carried in a round radome. Unlike the US AWACS aircraft, which rotate their rotodomes to give a 360‑degree coverage, the radar antenna of the Chinese AWACS does not rotate. Instead, three PAR antenna modules are placed in a triangular configuration inside the round radome to provide a 360‑degree coverage. The multi-function, three-dimensional pulse-Doppler radar was developed by NII (Nanjing Electronic Technology Research Institute), and is designed to detect and track airborne and surface targets.[4]
It operates in the frequency range of 1200–1400 MHz. The antenna system consists of three phased arrays, located in a 14-metre-diameter (46 ft) disc. In contrast, the Russian Beriev A-50 and American Boeing E-3 Sentry use a 9-metre-diameter (30 ft) disc. Each phased array has a 120-degree field of view. Maximum range of detection of air targets is 470 km (290 mi). A-50I of India made by Israel adopted its design and entered service later than KJ-2000(service 2004) in 2009.[4]
KJ-3000
A new variant with a fixed next-generation radar was reportedly spotted in 2013.[5]
Operational history
The PLAAF's first AWACS regiment was established at a small and remote airfield in southern China, for security reasons, during late 2004. The commander appointed to the regiment was Zhang Guangjian (张广建), a pilot with over 6,000 hours of flight time on various aircraft including the Il-76. The base was re-built and re-equipped for handling the KJ-2000, the first of which reached the base in 2005. A mixed fleet of KJ-2000 and the smaller KJ-200 have been operated at the base.[6]
In 2013 a 24-hour coverage drill was held using three KJ-2000s that covered NW China, the East China Sea, and the South China Sea.[6]
Since Il-76s are supplied by Russia and as the numbers are limited, China is seeking to replace the Il-76 platform currently used by the KJ-2000 with the Y-20.[7]
Operators
People's Republic of China
- People's Liberation Army Air Force – 5 were estimated in service as of 2008[update].[1]
Specifications
Limited performance parameters of KJ-2000 have been published as follows:[8]
- Max speed (km/hr): 850
- Max range (km): 5500
- Max endurance (hr): 12
- Take-off weight (t): 175
- Range against fighter sized targets (km): 470
- Range against ballistic missiles (km): 1200
- Max # of target that can be tracked simultaneously: 100
See also
Related development
- Beriev A-50
- Ilyushin Il-76
- KJ-200
- KJ-500
Related lists
- List of AEW&C aircraft
- List of aircraft produced by the People's Republic of China
References
- "Capabilities of the Chinese People's Liberation Army to Carry Out Military Action in the Event of Regional Military Conflict" (PDF). SAIC. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-08-13.
- "KJ200_1". SinoDefence. Archived from the original on 8 December 2012. Retrieved 4 February 2015.
- "IL76 russia china export agreement2011". AirForceWorld.com. Archived from the original on 3 March 2011. Retrieved 30 April 2011.
- "Kongjing-2000 (KJ-2000) Mainring". globalsecurity.org. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 22 September 2015.
- "China's AEW&C KJ-3000 air-to-surface combat aircraft – China Daily Mail". China Daily Mail. 6 June 2013. Archived from the original on 12 April 2015. Retrieved 4 February 2015.
- John Pike. "China holds airborne early warning drill targeting Japan: report". Archived from the original on 5 December 2014. Retrieved 4 February 2015.
- "China to Develop AEW&C Aircraft on Y-20 Transport Plane Platform". Archived from the original on 2016-10-24. Retrieved 2019-03-18.
- "央视曝空警-2000试验平台 公开雷内部达结构". Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 4 February 2015.
External links
- SinoDefence.com article – KJ-2000 AWACS (Airborne Warning And Control System).
- AirForceWorld.com KJ2000 Photo Collection
На других языках
[de] KongJing-2000
KongJing-2000 (kurz: KJ-2000, chinesisch .mw-parser-output .Hans{font-size:110%}空警-2000, NATO-Codename Mainring) ist ein chinesisches Frühwarnflugzeug (AWACS), das auf der russischen Iljuschin Il-76 basiert. Es ist das erste seiner Art, das bei der Volksbefreiungsarmee Chinas im Einsatz steht.- [en] KJ-2000
[it] Xian KJ-2000
Il KJ-2000, nome in codice NATO Mainring, è un aereo AWACS sviluppato a partire dall'Ilyushin Il-76 dall'ufficio di progettazione Xi'an Aircraft Industrial Corporation e costituisce l'equivalente cinese del russo Beriev A-50 Mainstay e dell'americano Boeing E-3 Sentry. È ben riconoscibile a causa del rotodome (radome rotante che, a differenza dell'A-50 russo, è fisso) che contiene l'antenna del radar AESA sviluppato dal NRIET di Nanchino partendo dal sistema israeliano IAI EL/M-2075 Phalcon. È entrato in servizio nel 2008 e ne risultano prodotti 5 esemplari.[ru] KJ-2000
KJ-2000 (Kongzhong Jinglei - «воздушная тревога», обозначение в NATO: «Mainring») — китайский самолёт ДРЛО (на базе Ил-76ТД)[1].Другой контент может иметь иную лицензию. Перед использованием материалов сайта WikiSort.org внимательно изучите правила лицензирования конкретных элементов наполнения сайта.
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