Wright R-2600 Twin Cyclone - Engine

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The Wright R-2600 Cyclone 14 (also called Twin Cyclone) is an American radial engine developed by Curtiss-Wright and widely used in aircraft in the 1930s and 1940s.

R-2600

Wright R-2600 Cyclone radial engine
Type	Radial engine
National origin	United States
Manufacturer	Wright Aeronautical
First run	1935
Major applications	Curtiss SB2C Helldiver Douglas A-20 Havoc Grumman TBF Avenger Martin PBM Mariner North American B-25 Mitchell
Number built	85347[1]
Developed from	Wright R-1820

History

In 1935, Curtiss-Wright began work on a more powerful version of their successful R-1820 Cyclone 9. The result was the R-2600 Twin Cyclone, with 14 cylinders arranged in two rows. The 1,600 hp (1,200 kW; 1,600 PS) R-2600-3 was originally intended for the C-46 Commando (being fitted to the prototype CW-20A). It was also the original engine choice for the F6F Hellcat; a running change (one which would not stop production) for the CW-20A, and one in late April 1942 for the second XF6F-1, led to the adoption of the 2,000 hp (1,500 kW; 2,000 PS) Pratt & Whitney R-2800 Double Wasp in the R-2600's place for both designs.

The Twin Cyclone went on to power several important American World War II aircraft, including the A-20 Havoc, B-25 Mitchell, TBF Avenger, SB2C Helldiver, and the PBM Mariner.

Over 50,000 R-2600s were built at plants in Paterson, New Jersey, and Cincinnati, Ohio.

Variants

R-2600-1 - 1,600 hp (1,194 kW)
R-2600-2 - 1,500 hp (1,118 kW)- Prototype variant; Few were made.[2]
R-2600-3 - 1,600 hp (1,194 kW)
R-2600-4 - 1,650 hp (1,230 kW)[3]
R-2600-6 - 1,600 hp (1,194 kW)
R-2600-8 - 1,700 hp (1,268 kW)
R-2600-9 - 1,700 hp (1,268 kW)
R-2600-10 - 1,700 hp (1,268 kW)- Experimental high-altitude R-2600 variant with a two-stage mechanical supercharger, vs the usual single-stage supercharger. The 2600-10 also served as a testbed for turbo-supercharging the 2600 series. Very few were produced.[4][5]
R-2600-11 - 1,600 hp (1,194 kW)[6]
R-2600-12 - 1,700 hp (1,268 kW)
R-2600-13 - 1,700 hp (1,268 kW)
R-2600-14 - 1,700 hp (1,268 kW)- One of the engines which powered Grumman's prototype F6Fs, the XF6F-1 (the two-stage supercharged R-2600-10 was also tested in the XF6F-1). Grumman was not happy with the performance, which led to the 2,000 hp Pratt & Whitney R-2800 engine replacing the R-2600 on F6F production models.[7]
R-2600-15 - 1,800 hp (1,342 kW)- Planned to power the XB-33A, a prototype model of the B-33 Super Marauder (itself a high-altitude version of the B-26 Marauder). The project was cancelled, and neither the prototype XB-33A or production B-33A were ever built.[8]
R-2600-16 - 1,700 hp (1,268 kW)- Similar to the R-2600-10 & -14, the -16 powered a Grumman prototype F6F, the XF6F-2.[9]
R-2600-19 - 1,600 hp (1,194 kW), 1,660 hp (1,237 kW)
R-2600-20 - 1,700 hp (1,268 kW), 1,900 hp (1,420 kW)
R-2600-22 - 1,900 hp (1,420 kW)
R-2600-23 - 1,600 hp (1,194 kW)
R-2600-29 - 1,700 hp (1,268 kW), 1,850 hp (1,380 kW)
GR-2600-A5B - 1,500 hp (1,118 kW), 1,600 hp (1,194 kW), 1,700 hp (1,268 kW)
GR-2600-A71 - 1,300 hp (969 kW)
GR-2600-C14 - 1,750 hp (1,304 kW)

Applications

Boeing 314 Clipper
Brewster SB2A Buccaneer
Curtiss SB2C Helldiver
Douglas A-20 Havoc
Douglas B-23 Dragon
Grumman F6F Hellcat (XF6F-1 & -2 prototypes only, pre-April 1942)
Grumman TBF Avenger
Lioré et Olivier LeO 451
Martin Baltimore
Martin PBM Mariner (versions prior to Double Wasp-powered PBM-5)
Miles Monitor
North American B-25 Mitchell
Vultee A-31 Vengeance

Specifications (GR-2600-C14BB)

Data from Jane's.[10]

General characteristics

Type: 14-cylinder supercharged air-cooled two-row radial engine
Bore: 6+1⁄8 in (155.6 mm)
Stroke: 6+5⁄16 in (160.3 mm)
Displacement: 2,604 cu in (42.7 L)
Length: 62.06 in (1,576 mm)
Diameter: 55 in (1,397 mm)
Dry weight: 2,045 lb (928 kg)

Components

Valvetrain: Two pushrod-actuated valves per cylinder with sodium-cooled exhaust valve
Supercharger: Single-stage two-speed centrifugal type supercharger, impeller diameter 11 in (280 mm), blower ratio 7.06:1 at slow speed and 10.06:1 at high speed
Fuel system: Stromberg PR48A downdraft carburetor with automatic mixture control
Oil system: Dry sump with one pressure pump and two scavenge pumps
Cooling system: Air-cooled

Performance

Power output:
- 1,750 hp (1,300 kW) at 2,600 rpm at 3,200 ft (1,000 m) military power
- 1,450 hp (1,080 kW) at 2,600 rpm at 15,000 ft (4,600 m) military power
Specific power: 0.67 hp/cu in (30 kW/L)
Compression ratio: 6.9:1
Power-to-weight ratio: 0.86 hp/lb (1.41 kW/kg)

References

Notes

https://web.archive.org/web/20211010173806/enginehistory.org/Piston/Wright/WrightShipments1920-1930.pdf ^{[bare URL PDF]}
Friedman, Norman (30 October 2016). Fighters Over the Fleet Naval Air Defence from Biplanes to the Cold War (1 ed.). Pen & Sword Books. p. 61. ISBN 9781848324060. The prototype R-2600-2, rated at 1,500hp for take-off ...
"Teesside Aviation News" (PDF) (Press release). Teesside, UK: Teesside Aviation Society. 1982-11-01. Retrieved 2021-04-06. ... for the RAF, 19 were experimentally fitted with R-2600-4-53 Cyclones ... engines of 1650 hp.
Francillon, Renè (1989). Grumman Aircraft Since 1929. Putnam Aeronautical. p. 196. ISBN 9780851778358. Retrieved 2021-04-03.
Grossnick, Roy (1995). "Appendix 1: Aircraft Data—Technical Information and Drawings" (PDF). TBF/TBM Avenger. Dictionary of American Naval Aviation Squadrons. Vol. I: The History of VA, VAH, VAK, VAL, VAP, and VFA Squadrons. Washington Navy Yard, Washington D.C.: Naval Historical Center, Department of the Navy. p. 512. ISBN 0-945274-29-7. Retrieved 2021-04-03 – via Naval History and Heritage Command.
United States Civil Aeronautics Administration Aircraft Listing. United States Civil Aeronautics Administration. 1949. p. 68. Retrieved 2021-04-03.
Thomas, Cleaver (19 Oct 2017). "The Pacific Theater". Pacific Thunder The US Navy's Central Pacific Campaign, August 1943–October 1944 (1 ed.). Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 45. ISBN 9781472821867. The XF6F-1 was powered by the Wright R-2600 14- cylinder Twin Cyclone radial engine. After meeting O'Hare, Grumman suggested a power increase which ... put the super new Pratt & Whitney R-2800 ... in the second prototype.
Andrade 1979, p 51
Thruelsen 1976, p 193
Jane's 1998, p. 317.
Liss, Witold (1967). The Lavochkin La 5 & 7. Aircraft Profiles. Vol. Number 149. Leatherhead, Surrey, UK: Profile Publications. p. 3.

Bibliography

Andrade, John (1979). U.S.Military Aircraft Designations and Serials since 1909. Midland Counties Publications. ISBN 0-904597-22-9.
Bridgman, Leonard, ed. (1998). Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II. London: Studio Editions Ltd. ISBN 0-517-67964-7.
Gunston, Bill (2006). World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines: From the Pioneers to the Present Day (5th ed.). Stroud, UK: Sutton. ISBN 0-7509-4479-X.
Thruelsen, Richard (1976). The Grumman Story. New York: Praeger Publishers. ISBN 0-275-54260-2.
White, Graham (1995). Allied Aircraft Piston Engines of World War II: History and Development of Frontline Aircraft Piston Engines Produced by Great Britain and the United States During World War II. Warrendale, Pennsylvania: SAE International. ISBN 1-56091-655-9.

External links

Media related to Wright R-2600 at Wikimedia Commons

Wright and Lawrance aircraft engines

Wright inline engines

Lawrance radials

Wright radials

Whirlwind family	J-3 J-4 J-5 J-6-5 J-6-7 J-6-9 R-540 R-760 R-790 R-975 R-1510 R-1670
Cyclone family	Cyclone 7 Cyclone 9 Cyclone Twin Cyclone Duplex-Cyclone Cyclone 22 R-1300 R-1750 R-1820 R-2600 R-3350 R-4090
Others	Gale R-1200 R-2160 Tornado

Turbojets

Turboprops/turboshafts

Ramjets

RJ47
RJ55

v t e United States military piston aircraft engine designation system
H (four-bank H-configuration inline)	H-1640 XH-2240 XH-2470 XH-2600 XH-3130 XH-3730 H-4070
IV (inverted-V inline)	IV-1430 IV-2040 IV-2220
L (single-bank inline)	L-330 L-365 L-375 L-390 L-410 L-440 L-510 L-825
O (opposed)	O-15 O-40 O-45 O-90 O-100 O-145 O-150 O-170 O-175 O-180 O-190 O-200 (C) O-200 (F) O-205 O-235 O-290 O-300 O-335 O-360 (C) O-360 (L) O-405 O-425 O-435 O-470 O-480 O-520 O-540 (F) O-540 (L) O-550 O-580 O-805 O-1230
R (radial)	R-250 R-265 R-270 R-370 (LB) R-370 (K) R-420 R-440 R-500 R-540 (W) R-540 (K) R-545 R-550 R-600 R-670 R-680 R-720 R-755 R-760 R-790 R-830 R-915 R-975 DR-980 R-985 R-1044 R-1300 R-1340 R-1454 R-1510 R-1535 R-1640 R-1670 R-1690 R-1750 R-1820 R-1830 R-1860 R-2000 R-2060 R-2160 R-2180 R-2600 R-2800 R-3350 R-4090 R-4360 XR-7755
V (upright-V inline)	V-720 V-1150 V-1237 V-1400 V-1440 V-1460 V-1510 V-1560 V-1570 V-1650 (P) V-1710 V-1950 V-3420
V (inverted-V inline)	V-770 V-1650 (L)
VG (inverted-V inline)	VG-1410
W (three-bank W-configuration inline)	W-2779
See also: X-1800 US military gas turbine aeroengines Piston engine configurations

На других языках

[de] Wright R-2600

Der Wright R-2600 Cyclone 14 ist ein luftgekühlter Flugmotor des US-amerikanischen Herstellers Curtiss-Wright. Der Doppelsternmotor mit 14 Zylindern wurde ab 1935 entwickelt und war während des Zweiten Weltkrieges einer der am häufigsten verwendeten US-Flugzeugmotoren.

- [en] Wright R-2600 Twin Cyclone

[es] Wright R-2600

El Wright R-2600 Cyclone 14 (también llamado Twin Cyclone, Doble Ciclón) fue un motor radial estadounidense desarrollado por Curtiss-Wright y usado ampliamente en aviones en las décadas de 1930 y 1940.

[it] Wright R-2600

Il Wright R-2600 Cyclone 14, noto anche come Twin Cyclone, era un motore aeronautico radiale 14 cilindri a doppia stella raffreddato ad aria, prodotto negli anni trenta e quaranta dall'azienda statunitense Curtiss-Wright Corporation.

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