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The Kaliningrad K-5 (NATO reporting name AA-1 Alkali), also known as RS-1U or product ShM, was an early Soviet air-to-air missile.

K-5
AA-1 Alkali
K-5M
TypeShort-range air-to-air missile
Place of originSoviet Union
Service history
In service1957-1977
Used bySoviet Air Force
Production history
ManufacturerKaliningrad Series Production Plant
VariantsK-55
Specifications
Mass82.7 kg (182 lb)
Length2.49 m (8 ft 2 in)
Diameter200 mm (7.9 in)
WarheadHigh explosive
Warhead weight13 kg (29 lb)

EngineRocket
Operational
range
2 to 6 kilometres (1.2 to 3.7 mi)
Maximum speed 2,880 km/h (1,790 mph) (Mach 2.33)
Guidance
system
beam riding
Launch
platform
MiG-17, MiG-19, MiG-21, Su-9

History


The development of the K-5 began in 1951. The first test firings were in 1953. It was tested (but not operationally carried) by the Yakovlev Yak-25. The weapon entered service as the Grushin/Tomashevich (Russian: Грушин/Томашевич) RS-2U (also known as the R-5MS or K-5MS) in 1957. The initial version was matched to the RP-2U (Izumrud-2) radar used on the MiG-17PFU, MiG-19PM. An improved variant, K-5M or RS-2US in PVO service, entered production in 1959, matched to the RP-9/RP-9U (Sapfir) radar of the Sukhoi Su-9. The People's Republic of China developed a copy under the designation PL-1, for use by their J-6B fighters.

The difficulties associated with beam-riding guidance, particularly in a single-seat fighter aircraft, were substantial, making the 'Alkali' primarily a short-range anti-bomber missile. Around 1967 the K-5 was replaced by the K-55 (R-55 in service), which replaced the beam-riding seeker with the semi-active radar homing or infrared seekers of the K-13 (AA-2 'Atoll'). The weapon was 7.8 kg (17 lb) heavier than the K-5, but had a smaller 9.1 kg (20 lb) warhead. The K-55 remained in service through about 1977, probably being retired with the last of the Sukhoi Su-9 interceptors.


Specifications (RS-2US / K-5MS)



Operators


Map with former K-5 operators in red
Map with former K-5 operators in red

Current Operator


North Korea

Used on MiG-21PFM.


Former operators


 Soviet Union
Both the Soviet Air Force (VVS) and the Soviet Air Defence Forces (PVO) operated the K-5.
 China
The People's Liberation Army Air Force operated licensed Chinese copy of Kaliningrad K-5 designated as PL-1 (PL: short for Pi Li or Pili, meaning thunderbolt).
 Czechoslovakia
The Czechoslovakian Air Force operated RS-2U and RS-2US.
 Hungary
The Hungarian Air Force operated RS-2US on MiG-19PMs, MiG-21PFs and MiG-21MFs.
 Mali
Malian Air Force[1]
 Poland
The Polish Air Force operated RS-2US on MiG-19PMs and MiG-21s, still in use as practice target.[2]
 Romania
Locally produced A-90 copy by Electromecanica Ploiesti (1984)

See also



References


Citations
Bibliography



На других языках


[de] Kaliningrad K-5

Die Kaliningrad K-5 (NATO-Codename AA-1 „Alkali“), auch bekannt als RS-1U oder Erzeugnis (Isdelije) SchM, war ein leitstrahlgeführter sowjetischer Luft-Luft-Lenkflugkörper.[1]
- [en] K-5 (missile)

[fr] Kaliningrad K-5

Le Kaliningrad K-5 (nom de code OTAN : AA-1 « Alkali »), aussi connu sous le nom de RS-1U ou « produit ShM » (en russe : « ШМ », ShM, « boule de feu ») était un ancien missile air-air à courte portée d'origine soviétique. Il fut l'un des tout-premiers mis en service au sein du bloc soviétique.

[it] K-5

Il K-5 (anche conosciuto come RS-1U) e derivati, noto in Occidente con il nome in codice NATO di AA-1 Alkali[1], è un missile aria-aria (in inglese: AAM - Air to Air Missile) di sviluppo e fabbricazione sovietica.

[ru] К-5 (ракета)

К-5 (РС-1У — реактивный снаряд первый управляемый[2] или Изделие ШМ, по классификации МО США и НАТО: AA-1 Alkali — «Щелочь») — советская управляемая ракета класса «воздух-воздух» с радиокомандной системой наведения. Разработана в ОКБ-2 МАП СССР, под руководством Д. Л. Томашевича. Разработка К-5 началась в 1951 году.



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