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The Bisnovat (later Molniya) R-4 (NATO reporting name AA-5 'Ash') was an early Soviet long-range air-to-air missile. It was used primarily as the sole weapon of the Tupolev Tu-128 interceptor, matching its RP-S Smerch ('Tornado') radar.

R-4
AA-5 Ash
R-4 missile under wing of Tupolev Tu-128
TypeHeavy air-to-air missile
Place of originSoviet Union
Service history
In service1963-1990
Used bySoviet Air Forces
Production history
ManufacturerBisnovat
Specifications (R-4R)
Mass492.5 kg (1,086 lb)
Length5.44 m (17 ft 10 in)
Diameter310 mm (12 in)
WarheadHigh explosive
Warhead weight53 kg (117 lb)

EngineSolid-fuel rocket
Operational
range
2 to 25 kilometres (1.2 to 15.5 mi)
Maximum speed Mach 1.6
Guidance
system
Semi-active radar homing (R-4R)
Infrared homing (R-4T)
Launch
platform
Tu-128

History


Development of the R-4 began in 1959, initially designated as K-80 or R-80, entering operational service around 1963, together with Tu-128. Like many Soviet weapons, it was made in both semi-active radar homing (R-4R) and infrared-homing (R-4T) versions. Standard Soviet doctrine was to fire the weapons in SARH/IR pairs to increase the odds of a hit.[citation needed] Target altitude was from 8 to 21 km. Importantly for the slow-climbing Tu-128, the missile could be fired even from 8 km below the target.

In 1973 the weapon was modernized to R-4MR (SARH) / MT (IR) standard, with lower minimal target altitude (0.5–1 km),[1] improved seeker performance, and compatibility with the upgraded RP-SM Smerch-M radar.

The R-4 survived in limited service until 1990, retiring along with the last Tu-128 aircraft.


Operators


 Soviet Union

Specifications (R-4T / R-4R)



References


  1. "Russia's Super-Sized Tu-128 Fighter: The Supersonic B-52 Killer". April 2017.



На других языках


[de] Bisnowat R-4

Bisnowat R-4 (russisch Бисноват Р-4) ist die Bezeichnung für die sowjetische Luft-Luft-Rakete mit der NATO-Bezeichnung AA-5 „Ash“. Andere sowjetische Bezeichnungen sind K-80 oder R-80, der Name des Experimental-Konstruktionsbüros Bisnowat wurde später in „Molnija“ (russisch молния, „Blitz“) geändert.
- [en] R-4 (missile)

[it] R-4

Lo R-4 o K-4, noto come AA-5 Ash (designazione NATO) in occidente, è un missile aria-aria (in inglese: AAM - Air to Air Missile) di fabbricazione sovietica.

[ru] Р-4

Р-4 (К-80, «изделие 36», по классификации МО США и НАТО — AA-5 Ash, рус. зола, пепел) — советская ракета класса «воздух—воздух» средней дальности.



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