The airline was owned by the Government of Kenya until April1995(1995-04), and it was privatised in 1996, becoming the first African flag carrier to successfully do so.[6] Kenya Airways is currently a public-private partnership. The largest shareholder is the Government of Kenya (48.9%), with 38.1% being owned by KQ Lenders Company 2017 Ltd (in turn owned by a consortium of banks), followed by KLM, which has a 7.8% stake in the company. The rest of the shares are held by private owners; shares are traded on the Nairobi Stock Exchange, the Dar es Salaam Stock Exchange, and the Uganda Securities Exchange.[6][7][8]
This section may be in need of reorganization to comply with Wikipedia's layout guidelines. (November 2019)
Early years
Kenya Airways was established by the Kenyan government on 22January1977(1977-01-22), following the break-up of the East African Community and the consequent demise of East African Airways (EAA).[9][11][12] On 4February1977(1977-02-04),[13]:90 two Boeing 707-321s leased from British Midland Airways inaugurated operations,[14] serving the Nairobi–Frankfurt–London route.[15] On internal and regional flights, the carrier deployed aircraft formerly operated by the EAA consortium, such as one Douglas DC-9-52 and three Fokker F-27-200s.[15][nb 1] In late 1977, three Boeing 707s were acquired from Northwest Orient.[17] The following year, the company formed a charter subsidiary named Kenya Flamingo Airlines, which leased aircraft from the parent airline in order to operate international passenger and cargo services.[18]Aer Lingus provided the company with technical and management support in the early years.[19]
1980s–1990s: Expansion and privatisation
In July1980(1980-07), the airline had 2 100 employees and a fleet of three Boeing 707-320Bs, one Boeing 720B, one DC-9-30 and three Fokker F-27-200s. At this time, Addis Ababa, Athens, Bombay, Cairo, Copenhagen, Frankfurt, Jeddah, Kampala, Karachi, Khartoum, London, Lusaka, Mauritius, Mogadishu, Rome, Salisbury, Seychelles and Zurich were among the airline's international destinations, whereas domestic routes radiated from Nairobi to Kisumu, Malindi, Mombasa and Mumias.[12] A Nairobi–Bombay nonstop route was launched in 1982 using Boeing 707-320Bs.[20] A year later, the company commenced serving Tanzania. Flights to Burundi, Malawi and Rwanda were launched in 1984. Capacity on the European routes was boosted in November1985(1985-11) with the incorporation of an Airbus A310-200 leased from Condor. Kilimanjaro was first served in March1986(1986-03).[21] That year, the airline ordered two Airbus A310-300s. Kenya Airways was the first African carrier to acquire the type, and they were the first wide-bodies ordered by the company.[22] Funded with a US$20,000,000(equivalent to $49,441,409 in 2021) loan,[23] the delivery of these two aircraft took place in May and September1986(1986-09).[21][24] They flew on the Kenya–Europe corridor, and permitted Kenya Airways to return the A310-200 to the lessor.[21] In early 1988, the carrier ordered two Fokker 50s;[25] for domestic routes, the airline received the first of these aircraft at the end of the year.[26] Also in 1988, the lease of a third A310-300 was arranged with the International Lease Finance for a ten-year period;[27] the aircraft joined the fleet in November1989(1989-11).[28] Leased from Ansett Worldwide, the first Boeing 757-200 was received in January1990(1990-01), whereas a third Fokker 50 was acquired in October the same year. By late 1991, two Boeing 737-200s had been leased from Guinness Peat Aviation.[28]
In 1986, Sessional Paper Number 1 was published by the Government of Kenya, outlining the country's need for economic development and growth. The document stressed the government opinion that the airline would be better off privately owned, thus resulting in the first privatisation attempt. The government named Philip Ndegwa as chairman of the board in 1991, with specific orders to make the airline a privately owned company. In 1992, the Public Enterprise Reform paper was published, giving Kenya Airways priority among national companies in Kenya to be privatised.[9] Ndegwa was succeeded by Isaac Omolo Okero. In September1992(1992-09), Brian Davies, was appointed as the new managing director of the company.[28] Davies had been previously hired to carry out a study of viability on privatisation,[28] working for British Airways' Speedwing consulting arm.[29]Swissair was the first company to provide Kenya Airways with privatisation advice.[28] In the fiscal year 1993 to 1994, the airline produced its first profit since the start of commercialisation.[30] In 1994, the International Finance Corporation was appointed to provide assistance in the privatisation process, which effectively began in 1995.[31] A large aviation industry partner was sought to acquire 40% of the shares, with another 40% reserved for private investors and the government keeping the remaining stake. The government would absorb almost US$90million in debts and would convert another US$31million it provided in loans into equity; after reorganisation, the company would have a debt of approximately US$78million.[28] British Airways, KLM, Lufthansa and South African Airways were among the airlines expressing interest in taking a stake in Kenya Airways.[30][31][32]
KLM was awarded the privatisation of the company, which restructured its debts and made a master corporation agreement with KLM, which bought 26% of the shares, becoming the largest single shareholder since then.[31][33][34] Shares were floated to the public in March1996(1996-03), and the airline started trading on the Nairobi Stock Exchange.[35] The Government of Kenya kept a 23% stake in the company, and offered the remaining 51% to the public; however, non-Kenyan shareholders could hold a maximum 49% share of the airline.[31][33][34] Despite 40% of the shares being kept by foreign investors following privatisation (including KLM's 26% stake), top management positions were held by Kenyans.[29] Following the takeover, the government of Kenya capitalised US$70million, while the airline was awarded a US$15million loan from the International Finance Corporation to modernise its fleet.[31] In a deal worth US$82million, two Boeing 737-300s were ordered in July1996(1996-07).[36]
2000s–2010s
In January2000(2000-01), the airline experienced its first fatal accident when an Airbus A310 that had been bought new in 1986 crashed off Ivory Coast, shortly after taking off from Abidjan.[37][38] By April the same year, the fleet consisted of four Airbus A310-300s,[nb 2] two Boeing 737-200 Advanced and four Boeing 737-300s. At this time the company had a staff of 2,780, including 400 engineers, 146 flight crew and 365 cabin crew. From its main hub at Jomo Kenyatta International Airport, scheduled services were operated to Abidjan, Addis Ababa, Amsterdam, Bujumbura, Cairo, Copenhagen, Dar es Salaam, Douala, Dubai, Eldoret, Entebbe/Kampala, Harare, Johannesburg, Karachi, Khartoum, Kigali, Kinshasa, Lagos, Lilongwe, Lokichoggio, London, Lusaka, Mahe Island, Malindi, Mombasa, Mumbai, and Zanzibar.[13]:90 In 2002, an order for three Boeing 777-200ERs was placed with Boeing; an additional aircraft of the type was acquired in November2005(2005-11).[39] In March2006(2006-03), six Boeing 787-8s were ordered; the first two examples would be delivered in 2010 and the rest in 2011.[40] The original Boeing 787 order was amended nine months later to include three more aircraft of the type.[41] The first Embraer 190 joined the fleet in December 2010.[42]
In June2012(2012-06) the company announced the issuance of rights worth KSh.20billion/=, aimed at increasing capital to support expansion plans.[43][44][45] Following the allocation of shares, KLM increased their stake in the company from 26% to 26.73%, while the Kenyan government boosted their participation into the company from 23% to 29.8%, becoming the largest shareholder.[46][47] In April2012(2012-04), the airline launched a plan named Project Mawingu (the Swahili word meaning Clouds) to add 24 destinations by 2021, including the start of services to Australia and North and South America, and expanding its presence in Asia as well.[48] In October2013(2013-10), the airline stated that it will add six new destinations every year, following the delivery of Boeing 777s and 787s the carrier has on order.[49]
Operational results for fiscal years 2015 and 2016 showed substantial losses.[50] The rapid expansion of the fleet and routes (dubbed "Project Mawingu") was cited as the primary cause of the downturn. Fuel-price hedging and the 1996 agreement with KLM, considered intrusive in the running of the flag carrier, took secondary blame.[51] Corrective measures were taken to improve the financial and operational position of the airline and avert insolvency.
The route partnership with KLM was deemed profitable thus, kept. However, the parties agreed to amend some features of the deal that had a negative effect on KQ -IATA code for Kenya Airways. Two Boeing B737-700 were sold and five newer, leased airliners were sub-leased to improve cash flow.[52] Efforts to financially re-position the carrier were successful at the end of 2017. In a complex deal, stakeholders agreed to convert close to half a billion US dollars in loans to equity, changing the ownership structure. The government of Kenya, the biggest lender, saw its holdings rise from 29.8% to 48.9% while that of KLM was diluted from 26.7% down to 7.8%. A consortium of local banks, through a special-purpose vehicle called: "KQ Lenders Company 2017 Ltd.", ended up with 38.1%. The latter entity is obligated with a loan from the above local banks in the amount of US$225 million; this amount, in turn, is guaranteed by the government. The airline's employees, through a shareholding scheme, and others own the remaining 5.2%.[53] The Government of Kenya issued a guarantee for a further US$525million debt owed to Import-Export Bank of the United States, financier of the newer Boeing planes of its fleet.
In a bid to recover their exposure, syndicated leaseholders and banks unsuccessfully fought these measures to restructure the carrier's ownership.[54]
An outline of a plan to restore profitability was disclosed in a March 2018 interview given by the CEO and the chairman of the company. The turnaround operation will include route expansion, pursuing the high-end segment of the market and, on partnerships and joint ventures with other airlines.[55] The carrier plans to add up to twenty new destinations in Africa, Europe and Asia in the next five years. Five sub-leased aircraft are to re-join the fleet by the end of 2019 to facilitate this move.[56][55] Preparations are underway to roll out an economy-plus class to target the business and high-end leisure travelers. Direct flights to luxury-tourism destinations in the Indian Ocean are also planned.[57] Talks are underway with South African Airways regarding route-sharing and aircraft-maintenance collaboration; this is the other focus of the turnaround scheme.[56] In December 2018 Kenya Airways revealed plans to start flights between Nairobi and Windhoek, Namibia.[58]
Corporate affairs
Subsidiaries and associates
Low-cost carrierJambojet, created in 2013,[59] and African Cargo Handling Limited are both wholly owned subsidiaries of Kenya Airways.
Partly owned companies include Kenya Airfreight Handling Limited, dedicated to the cargo handling of perishable goods (51%-owned)[60] and Tanzanian carrier Precision Air (41.23%-owned).[61]
Business trends
The key trends for the Kenya Airways group over recent years are shown below (to 31 March until 2017; periods ending 31 December thereafter):
2020: Activities and income in fiscal 2020 were severely reduced by the impact of the coronavirus pandemic
Key people
As of October2016[update], Michael Joseph is the airline's chairman. Joseph is the former CEO of Safaricom, the leading telecom operator in Kenya.[76]
As of January2018[update], Sebastian Mikosz became Kenya Airways Group's managing director and chief executive officer (CEO).[77] Mikosz was formerly CEO of LOT Polish Airlines, and took office on 1 June 2017.[78]
As of January2020[update], Allan Kilavuka was appointed as Kenya Airways Group's Acting Chief Executive Officer.[79] He was subsequently confirmed in the substantive role.[80]
Kenya Airways serves 53 destinations in 41 countries, as of November2017[update].[81]
Alliances
KLM sponsored Kenya Airways' SkyTeam candidacy process in mid-2005.[82] In September2007(2007-09), Kenya Airways became one of the first official SkyTeam Associate Airline[83][84] and achieved full membership in June2010(2010-06).[85][86] The alliance provides Kenya Airways' passengers with access to the member airlines' worldwide network and passenger facilities.[87][88]
Codeshare agreements
Kenya Airways has codeshare agreements with the following airlines:[89]
The first of four converted Boeing 737-300s was delivered to the company in April2013(2013-04); Kenya Airways planned to fly this aircraft on African routes served by the Embraer 190s, in order to boost cargo capacity.[103] The company took delivery of its first Boeing 777-300ER in October 2013.[104][105]
Kenya Airways had nine Boeing 787 Dreamliners on order as of April 2011, although the company considered cancelling the order after systematic delays with the delivery dates.[41][106] The handover of the first Boeing 787 took place on 4 April 2014.[107][108] Two days later, Nairobi–Paris became the first route to be served by the Boeing 787.[109]
Kenya Airways phased out its Boeing 777s in May 2015 after the airline made losses and incurred debts in the previous financial year.[110][111] The Boeing 777-300ER fleet was leased to Turkish Airlines in May 2016.[112]
Historical fleet
The company has previously operated the following aircraft:[113]
In 2005, Kenya Airways changed its livery. The four stripes running all through the length of the fuselage were replaced by the company slogan Pride of Africa, whereas the KA tail logo was replaced by a styled K encircled with a Q to evoke the airline's IATA airline code.
Services
Frequent flyer programmes
Former Kenya Airways' frequent flyer programme Msafiri was merged with KLM's Flying Dutchman in 1997,[9] which was in turn merged with that of Air France and rebranded as Flying Blue in 2005, following the fusion of both companies. Gold Elite and Platinum Elite members of the Flying Blue programme are offered the JV Lounge.[119] This service is provided to Kenya Airways passengers, and to passengers flying with its partner airlines as well.[119]Simba Lounge is a service provided to Kenya Airways Business passengers only.[119] Both lounges are located at Jomo Kenyatta International Airport.[119]
In-flight entertainment
Different in-flight entertainment is available depending upon the aircraft and the class travelled. The airline's in-flight magazine is called Msafiri, and is distributed among the passengers in all aircraft, irrespective of the class.[120]
Boeing 787-8
Premier World entertainment is AVOD; NVOD is offered in Economy class.[121]
Boeing 737-700/800
Overhead screens in both classes, plus eight channels of audio offered.[122]
As of October2014[update], Kenya Airways has had two fatal accidents and two hull-loss accidents.[124]
10 July 1988: A Fokker F27-200, registration 5Y-BBS, approached the runway too fast and made a belly landing at Kisumu Airport inbound from Nairobi as Flight 650, skidding down the runway for some 600m (2,000ft).[125]
11 July 1989: A Boeing 707-320B, registration 5Y-BBK, overran the runway at Bole International Airport following a brake failure. The aircraft had departed from the same airport, and the non-retraction of the landing gear prompted the crew to return.[126][127]
30 January 2000: Flight 431 was a scheduled Abidjan–Lagos–Nairobi service, operated with an Airbus A310-304, registration 5Y-BEN, that plunged into the Atlantic Ocean and broke up, about a minute after taking off from Abidjan's Félix Houphouët-Boigny International Airport. There were 179 people aboard, including a crew of ten; most of the occupants were Nigerians.[37] 169 people were killed.[128]
5 May 2007: Flight 507, operated by a Boeing 737-800, tail number 5Y-KYA, crashed into a mangrove swamp immediately after takeoff for Nairobi, about 5.5 kilometres (3.42mi) southeast of Douala International Airport.[129] The flight originated in Abidjan, with a stopover in Douala to pick up passengers.[129] All 114 people on board (105 passengers and 9 crew) were killed.[130][131]
Irene Koki Mutungi, first female Kenya Airways captain
Transport in Kenya
Wanjiku Mugane, member of the board of Kenya Airways
Notes
Flight International also reported that Kenya Airways flew Douglas DC-9-32s previously operated by EAA.[16]
It is likely that Flight International records had not been updated at the time of publish. Another source informed that the number of A310s in fleet immediately after the crash was three.[38]
O'Keeffe, Niall (7 August 2013). "Fire closes Nairobi's Jomo Kenyatta airport". Flightglobal. Archived from the original on 11 August 2013. Flag carrier Kenya Airways has confirmed that all flights from the airport have been cancelled until further notice.
"Air transport". Flight International. 113 (3597): 485. 25 February 1978. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Kenya Airways is now using McDonnell Douglas DC-9-30s formerly operated by East African Airways on regional services
"Airliner market". Flight International: 937. 1 October 1977. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 1 August 2012. Kenya Airways has purchased three Boeing 707s from Northwest Orient
"World airline directory – Kenya Airways"(pdf). Flight International: 1382–1383. 28 April 1979. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 2 April 2011. Aer Lingus is providing technical and management assistance under contract.
"Finance". Flight International: 7. 27 September 1986. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 1 August 2012. A$20million loan has been guaranteed by the Export Credits Guarantee Department (ECGD) to help finance Kenya Airways' purchase of two Airbus A310-300s. Finance has been arranged by the Midland Bank.
"Air transport". Flight International: 7. 8 November 1986. Archived from the original on 5 November 2012. Retrieved 1 August 2012. Kenya Airways has just taken delivery of a second Airbus A310-300.
"Market Place". Flight International: 14. 6 February 1988. Archived from the original on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 2 August 2012. Kenya Airways has ordered two Fokker 50s for delivery in late 1988. Already an F.27 operator, Kenya Airways is taking the aircraft as part of a fleet modernisation and expansion programme.
"Orderbook". Flight International: 13. 10 December 1988. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 2 August 2012. Kenya Airways has taken delivery of its first Fokker 50 turboprop.
"Orderbook". Flight International. 134 (4128): 49. 27 August 1988. ISSN0015-3710. Archived from the original on 26 October 2014.
Buyck, Cathy (15 September 2011). "Kenya Airways receives third new E-190". Air Transport World. Archived from the original on 16 June 2012. Retrieved 2 June 2012. Kenya Airways (KQ) took delivery of its third new Embraer 190, as part of an order for five of the type placed last year. KQ received the first E-190 in December 2010 and the second one joined the fleet in June; the fourth aircraft is expected to touch down at Jomo Kenyatta International in a few weeks.
"About Us". SkyTeam. Archived from the original on 19 April 2012. Retrieved 19 April 2012. Our 15 member airlines provide you comprehensive access to an extensive global network with more destinations, more frequencies and more connectivity than ever before.
"Airline News". 11 June 2014. Archived from the original on 11 June 2014. Kenya Airways launched its first Boeing 787 on the Nairobi-Paris route on June4.
"Kenya Airways introduces its first Boeing 737-300". Flightglobal.com. Flight International. 14 May 1997. Archived from the original on 26 October 2014. Retrieved 18 May 2012. The aircraft - central to the hub's regional development - are replacing two 737-200s leased from GPA.
Geoff Thomas (23 July 2002). "Kenya Airways chooses Trent 800 for Boeing 777 order". Flightglobal.com. Flight Daily News. Archived from the original on 26 October 2014. Retrieved 18 May 2012. The airline is currently celebrating its silver jubilee – and its links with Rolls-Royce began with Dart engines for Fokker F27s...moving more recently to RB211-535s on its Boeing B-757s.
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