avia.wikisort.org - Airline

Avianca S.A. (acronym in Spanish for Aerovias del Continente Americano S.A., "Airways of the American Continent") is a Colombian airline. It has been the flag carrier of Colombia[3][4] since December 5, 1919, when it was initially registered under the name SCADTA.[5][6] It is headquartered in Colombia, with its registered office in Barranquilla and its global headquarters in Bogotá and main hub at El Dorado International Airport. Avianca is the flagship of a group of ten Latin American airlines, who operate as one airline using a codesharing system. Avianca is the largest airline in Colombia and second largest in Latin America, after LATAM of Chile. Avianca and its subsidiaries have the most extensive network of destinations in Latin America.[7] Prior to the merger with TACA in 2010, it was wholly owned by Synergy Group, a South American holding company established by Germán Efromovich and specialising in air transport. It is listed on the Colombia Stock Exchange.[8]

Avianca S.A.

IATA ICAO Callsign AV AVA AVIANCA
Founded	December 5, 1919; 102 years ago (1919-12-05) (as SCADTA)
Commenced operations	June 14, 1940; 82 years ago (1940-06-14) (as Avianca)
Hubs	Bogotá
Secondary hubs	Cali Cartagena Medellín–JMC
Focus cities	Barranquilla Miami San José–Juan Santamaría
Frequent-flyer program	LifeMiles
Alliance	Star Alliance
Subsidiaries	Avianca Cargo Helicol Affiliates Avianca Costa Rica Avianca Ecuador Avianca El Salvador Avianca Express
Fleet size	100[1]
Destinations	63
Parent company	Avianca Group
Headquarters	Registered office: Barranquilla, Colombia Corporate headquarters: Bogotá, Colombia
Key people	Roberto Kriete (Chairman) Adrian Neuhauser (CEO) Anko Van Der Werff (Member of Board of Directors)
Operating income	COP 100.3 B[2] (FY 2019 Q3)
Total assets	COP 2.403.632 M (FY 2008)
Website	avianca.com

Through SCADTA, Avianca is the world's second oldest extant airline after KLM, and celebrated its 100th anniversary in December 2019. It is the oldest airline in the Western Hemisphere.[9] It became an official member of Star Alliance on June 21, 2012, after a process that lasted approximately 18 months from the initial announcement[10] of its invitation to join the alliance.[11] On May 10, 2020, Avianca filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in a court in New York City, and liquidated its subsidiary Avianca Perú, due to the COVID-19 pandemic crisis.[12][13][14]

History

SCADTA (1919–1940)

The airline traces its history back to December 5, 1919, in the city of Barranquilla, Colombia. Colombians Ernesto Cortissoz Alvarez-Correa (the first President of the airline), Rafael María Palacio, Cristóbal Restrepo, Jacobo Correa and Aristides Noguera and Germans Werner Kämmerer, Stuart Hosie and Albert Tietjen founded the Colombo-German Company, called Sociedad Colombo-Alemana de Transportes Aéreos or SCADTA. The company accomplished their first flight on September 5, 1920 between Barranquilla and the nearby town of Puerto Colombia using a Junkers F.13, transporting 57 pieces of mail. The flight was piloted by German Helmuth von Krohn. This and another aircraft of the same type were completely mechanically constructed monoplanes, the engines of which had to be modified to efficiently operate in the climate of the country. There were nine aircraft in the fleet with a total range of 850 km (528 mi) which could carry up to four passengers and two crewmen. Due to the topographic characteristics of the country and the lack of airports at the time, floats were adapted for two of the Junkers aircraft to make water landings in the rivers near different towns. Using these floats, Helmuth von Krohn was able to perform the first inland flight over Colombia on October 20, 1920, following the course of the Magdalena River; the flight took eight hours and required four emergency landings in the water.

Soon after the airline was founded, German scientist and philanthropist Peter von Bauer became interested in the airline and contributed general knowledge, capital and a tenth aircraft for the company, as well as obtaining concessions from the Colombian government to operate the country's airmail transportation division using the airline, which began in 1922. This new contract allowed SCADTA to thrive in a new frontier of aviation. By the mid-1920s, SCADTA started its first international routes that initially covered destinations in Venezuela and the United States. In 1924, the aircraft that both Ernesto Cortissoz and Helmuth von Krohn were flying crashed into an area currently known as Bocas de Ceniza in Barranquilla, killing them. In the early 1940s, Peter von Bauer sold his shares in the airline to the US-owned Pan Am.

National Airways of Colombia (1940–1994)

On June 14, 1940, in the city of Barranquilla, SCADTA, under ownership by United States businessmen, merged with regional Colombian airline SACO, forming the new Aerovías Nacionales de Colombia S.A. or Avianca. Five Colombians participated in this: Rafael María Palacio, Jacobo A. Corea, Cristobal Restrepo, and Aristides Noguera, as well as German citizens Albert Teitjen, Werner Kaemerer and Stuart Hosie, while the post of first President of Avianca was filled by Martín del Corral. Avianca claims SCADTA's history as its own.

In 1946, Avianca began flights to Quito, Lima, Panama City, Miami, New York City and Europe, using Douglas DC-4s and C-54 Skymasters. In 1951, Avianca acquired Lockheed Constellations and Super Constellations.^{[citation needed]} In 1956, the company transported the Colombian delegation to the Melbourne Olympics on a 61-hour trip, stopping only to refuel.^{[citation needed]}

During the 1960s, the company built the Avianca Building in Bogotá, designed by the architect Germán Samper, which was inaugurated in 1969 on the south side of Santander Park. In 1961, Avianca leased two Boeing 707s to operate its international routes and on November 2, 1961, it acquired its own Boeing 720s. In 1976, Avianca became the first Latin American airline to continuously operate the Boeing 747-100. Three years later, it started operations with more 747s, including two Combi aircraft, mixing cargo and passenger operations.^{[citation needed]}

In 1981, Avianca undertook the construction of a new exclusive terminal called the Terminal Puente Aéreo, which was eventually inaugurated by President Julio César Turbay Ayala. Avianca's original purpose for the terminal was for flights serving Cali, Medellín, Miami and New York.[15]

Merger system (1994–2002)

In 1994, Avianca, the regional carrier SAM and the helicopter operator Helicol merged, beginning Avianca's new system of operations. This arrangement allowed for specialized services in cargo (Avianca Cargo) and postal services, as well as a more modern fleet made up of Boeing 767s, Boeing 757s, MD-83s, Fokker 50s, and Bell helicopters. In 1996, Avianca Postal Services became Deprisa, which provided various mail services.

On December 10, 1998, Avianca officially opened its new hub in Bogotá, offering around 6,000 possible connections per week, and an increased number of frequencies, schedules and destinations, taking advantage of the privileged geographical location of the country's capital, for the benefit of Colombian and international travelers between South America, Europe and North America.

Summa Alliance (2002–2004)

After the September 11 attacks, Avianca, SAM, and their major rival ACES joined efforts to create the Alianza Summa, which began merged operations on May 20, 2002 to offer a more efficient service, with concerns to quality, quantity, security and competition in a new struggling marketplace. However, adverse circumstances within the industry and markets, forced the alliance to be disband. In November 2003, the Alianza Summa was disbanded, ACES was liquidated altogether and SAM was acquired to be a regional carrier under Avianca's brand.

American Continent Airways (2004–2009)

On December 10, 2004, Avianca concluded a major reorganization process, undertaken after filing for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection, by obtaining confirmation of its reorganization plan, which was financially backed by the Brazilian consortium, Synergy Group and the National Federation of Coffee Growers of Colombia, allowing the airline to obtain funds for US$63 million, in the 13 months following withdrawal from bankruptcy.

Under this plan, Avianca was bought by Synergy Group, and was consolidated with its subsidiaries OceanAir and VIP. The company's full legal name was changed from Aerovías Nacionales de Colombia (National Airways of Colombia) to Aerovías del Continente Americano (Airways of the American Continent), retaining the acronym Avianca. On February 28, 2005, Avianca presented its new logo and livery.

Avianca-TACA merger (2009–2013)

In October 2009, it was announced that Avianca would merge with TACA Airlines.[16][17] This created AviancaTaca Holding, which instantly became one of the region's largest airlines, with 129 aircraft and flights to more than 100 destinations.

In November 2009, the airline's Chief Executive Fabio Villegas announced that the airline was looking to replace its Fokker 50 and Fokker 100 with newer aircraft of 100 seats or less.[18] On January 1, 2011, the airline decided to retire the Fokker 100 in 2011 and replace them with 10 Airbus A318s leased from GECAS. The aircraft were delivered from February to April 2011.

Star Alliance

On November 10, 2010, Star Alliance announced that Avianca (and its merger counterpart, TACA) were full members in 2012. Due to Avianca's entry into Star Alliance, it ended its codeshare agreement with Delta Air Lines and began a new codeshare agreement with United Airlines. TACA had been codesharing with United Airlines since 2006.[19] On June 21, 2012, Avianca and TACA were both officially admitted into Star Alliance.

Avianca Holdings (2013–2019)

On March 21, 2013, at the annual general meeting, the shareholders approved the change of corporate name from AviancaTaca Holding to Avianca Holdings.[20] TACA and all other AviancaTaca airlines changed their brand to Avianca on May 28, 2013.

As of 2017, Avianca operates the second-most daily international flights from Miami with 16, second only to American Airlines.

In August 2018, Avianca had some operational difficulties due to problems with the platform it used to assign crew schedules. This resulted in the cancellation of several flights within Colombia. Likewise, due to the stoppage of ACDAC pilots in 2017, only in October 2018 were all flight itineraries managed by the airline restored.

On March 1, 2019, Avianca launched a subsidiary named Avianca Express, which operates ATR-72s on short regional flights within Colombia.[21]

2020 bankruptcy

Avianca had significant financial liabilities in 2019. Because of this, they issued more debt to cover short-term liabilities and concluded a debt exchange on December 31, 2019. In response to the global outbreak of COVID-19, the Colombian government's lockdown suspended Avianca's domestic and international operations; most of the company’s 20,000 employees went without pay throughout this period, and the airline operated no scheduled passenger flights between late March and May outside of repatriation missions. As a result of this temporary cessation of business, the company had seen 80% of its revenue stopped.

Avianca Holdings and 23 affiliated debtors filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York on May 10, 2020 as a direct result of the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent global shutdown, and their financial situation prior to and during the crisis. The airline holding liquidated their subsidiary Avianca Perú the same day. The debtors were granted joint administration of the cases under Case No. 20-11133. The airline had accumulated a total debt of USD $7.3 billion at the end of 2019.[22]

Avianca implemented numerous cost-reduction plans during and following their bankruptcy including increasing the passenger capacity and redesigning the cabin of their Airbus A320s, simplifying their fleet to only the A320 family and Boeing 787, the latter of which will also feature an economy class cabin redesign, and introducing new, cheaper, and more competitive fares with increased options for flexibility including checked and carry-on bags, seat selection, and priority boarding.[23][24]

In November 2021, Avianca Holdings announced they would move their legal address from Panama to the United Kingdom, and that they would change their name to Avianca Group.[25] Their global headquarters remains in Bogotá. On November 2, 2021, Avianca's reorganization plan was approved by the court,[26] and on December 1, 2021, more than a year and a half after filing, Avianca emerged from Chapter 11 bankruptcy for the second time in its history.[27]

Abra Group (2022-present)

On April 29, 2022, Avianca announced plans to acquire low-cost competitor Viva Air Colombia and its subsidiary Viva Air Perú.[28][29] The merger was rejected by the Colombian Civil Aviation Authority in November 2022.[30]

On May 11, 2022, it was announced that Avianca would merge with Viva Air Colombia, Viva Air Peru, and Gol Linhas Aéreas Inteligentes to form the Abra Group, and that Avianca would be the acquiring company.[31][32] Avianca has stated the rejection of the Avianca-Viva Air merger would not affect the plans for the Abra Group.[33]

Headquarters

Avianca's headquarters are on Avenida El Dorado and between Carrera 60 and Gobernación de Cundinamarca, located in the Ciudad Salitre area of Bogotá. The building is located next to the Gran Estación.[34] Its previous head office was at Avenida El Dorado No. 93-30.[35]

Destinations

Avianca's hubs are in Bogotá, San Salvador, Cali, Cartagena and Medellín. Its focus cities are Barranquilla, San José, and Miami, in the latter of which Avianca is the largest foreign carrier by number of passengers.

Subsidiaries

Avianca's subsidiaries' destinations

Company	Number of destinations	List
Avianca Cargo	25	List of Avianca Cargo destinations
Avianca Costa Rica	16	List of Avianca Costa Rica destinations
Avianca Ecuador	15	List of Avianca Ecuador destinations
Avianca El Salvador	26	List of Avianca El Salvador destinations
Avianca Express	9	List of Avianca Express destinations
Helicol	Un­known

Codeshare agreements

Avianca has codeshare agreements with the following airlines:[36]

Interline agreement

Avianca has an interline agreement with Boliviana de Aviación.[38]

LifeMiles

The frequent-flyer program of Avianca and its subsidiaries is LifeMiles. This program is designed to reward customer loyalty for the airline, travel and retail sectors. LifeMiles members can earn miles every time they fly with Avianca, Star Alliance member airlines, as well as GOL Airlines, Aeromexico and Iberia.

The program was launched in 2011 with the merger of Avianca and TACA, replacing its former AviancaPlus program. LifeMiles has been awarded 14 Freddie Awards for its outstanding performance and promotions in the Americas during the last 9 years.

LifeMiles has four elite tiers:

• Red Plus (Star Alliance Silver)
• Silver (Star Alliance Silver)
• Gold (Star Alliance Gold)
• Diamond (Star Alliance Gold)

Fleet

Current fleet

As of October 2022^[update], the Avianca fleet consists of the following aircraft:[1][39]

Avianca fleet

Aircraft	In service	Orders	Passengers			Notes
			C	Y	Total
Airbus A319-100	12	—	12	108	120	To be replaced by Airbus A320-200.
Airbus A320-200	56	12	12	138	150	Aircraft purchased from Batik Air and Interjet. Remaining orders to replace Airbus A319-100.
			–	186	186
Airbus A320neo	14	162	12	141	153	Some orders are to be split with its subsidiaries. 88 more aircraft ordered in March 2022.[40]
			–	180	180
Airbus A330-200	4	—	30	222	252	To be retired.[41]
Boeing 787-8	13	—	28	222	250
Boeing 787-9	1	2	TBA			N797AV stored in Abu Dhabi. All aircraft expected to be delivered by 2024.[41]
Total	100	176

Avianca's first Boeing 787 Dreamliner was delivered on December 17, 2014, and its first service was on January 16, 2015 between Bogotá and New York City.[42][43]

Former fleet

Since its founding, Avianca has operated a wide variety of aircraft:[44][45][46]

Avianca former fleet

Aircraft	Total	Introduced	Retired	Notes
Airbus A318-100	10	2011	2019	Purchased from Mexicana[47]
Airbus A321-200	9	2014	2021
Airbus A321neo	2	2017	2020	[48]
Airbus A330-300	2	2018	2020	Purchased from TransAsia Airways
ATR 72-600	9	2013	2019	Transferred to Avianca Express
Beechcraft 17	2	1941	1943
Boeing 247D	18	1936	1948
Boeing 707-120	1	1960	1961	Leased from Pan Am
Boeing 707-320C	8	1968	1994	One written off as Flight 052
Boeing 720B	7	1961	1984
Boeing 727-100	33	1966	1992
Boeing 727-200	18	1978	1999
Boeing 737-100	2	1968	1971	First 737 operator in Latin America
Boeing 747-100	3	1976	1996
Boeing 747-100SF	2	1981	1988
Boeing 747-200M	2	1979	1995	One written off as Flight 011
Boeing 757-200	21	1992	2010
Boeing 767-200ER	5	1990	2011
Boeing 767-300ER	5	1994	2011
	1	2014	2015	Leased from Omni Air International
Consolidated PBY Catalina	4	1946	1956
Curtiss T-32 Condor II	2	Un­known	Un­known
Curtiss C-46 Commando	5	1949	1955
de Havilland DH.60 Moth	7	1929	1939
Dornier Do J Wal	3	1925	1932
Dornier Merkur	2	1927	1932
Douglas C-47 Skytrain	52	1939	1974
Douglas C-54 Skymaster	26	1946	1975
Douglas DC-2	2	1944	1947
Douglas DC-3	4	1939	1973
Douglas DC-4	2	1953	1974
Fokker 50	10	1993	2014
Fokker 100	15	2006	2011	Operated by SAM until 2010
Fokker Universal	2	1929	1934
Ford 5-AT-DS Trimotor	19	1929	1946
General Aviation GA-43	1	1934	Un­known
Hawker Siddeley HS 748	2	1968	1978
IAI 1124 Westwind	1	1978	1995	Operated by Helicol
Junkers F 13	31	1920	1940
Junkers W 33	1	1929	1932
Junkers W 34	13	1928	1947
Lockheed L-749A Constellation	6	1951	1967
Lockheed L-1049E Super Constellation	4	1954	1969
McDonnell Douglas MD-11ER	1	1998	1999	Leased from World Airways
McDonnell Douglas MD-83	18	1992	2011
Sikorsky S-38	7	1929	1940
Sikorsky S-41	1	1930	1936

Accidents and incidents

The airline suffered a few incidents during the 1980s and early 1990s. The deadliest of those incidents was Avianca Flight 011, which crashed in 1983.

• On January 22, 1947, a Douglas C-53B (registered C-108), crashed in the Magdalena river valley, killing all 17 people on board.[49]
• On August 9, 1954, a Lockheed L-749A (registered HK-163), crashed three minutes after takeoff from Lajes Field, Azores, after it flew left into the hills instead of right towards the sea. All 30 on board died.[50]
• On March 9, 1955, a Douglas C-47A (registered HK-328), crashed at Trujillo, Colombia, killing all eight on board. The wreckage was found a month later, but some of the gold and cargo was missing.[51]
• On June 23, 1959, a Douglas DC-4 (registered HK-135), operating as Flight 667, struck Cerro Baco mountain while en route to Lima, Peru, killing all 14 aboard.[52]
• On January 21, 1960, Avianca Flight 671, a Lockheed L-1049E, crashed and burned on landing at Sangster International Airport in Jamaica, killing 37 aboard.[53]
• On March 22, 1965, a Douglas C-47DL, (registered HK-109), operating Flight 676, struck Pan de Azucar at an elevation of 7,200 feet (2,200 m), killing all 29 on board. The cause was the decision of the pilot to fly VFR in conditions that required IFR.[54]
• On January 15, 1966, Avianca Flight 4 crashed shortly after takeoff from Rafael Núñez International Airport. The cause was determined to be maintenance problems, possibly compounded by pilot error.
• On September 22, 1966, a Douglas DC-4 (registered HK-174), and operating Flight 870, crashed while attempting to return to Eldorado Airport due to engine problems, killing both pilots. The cause was traced to a failure in the governor control unit. Improper supervision by the company was a contributing factor, as the pilot was briefed to make a night flight while he was in conversion training for the L-749.[55]
• On December 24, 1966, a Douglas C-47A, (registered HK-161), operating Flight 729, struck Cerro Las Animas at an elevation of 11,600 feet (3,500 m) while approaching Pasto, killing all 29 on board. A combination of poor CRM, pilot intoxication, deviation from route, and pilot error was cited as the cause.[56]
• On May 21, 1970, a Douglas DC-3, (registered HK-121), was hijacked to Yariguíes Airport, Barrancabermeja whilst on a flight from El Alcaraván Airport, Yopal to Alberto Lleras Camargo Airport, Sogamoso. The hijackers had demanded to be taken to Cuba.[57]
• On July 29, 1972, two Douglas C-53s, registered HK-107 and HK-1341, were involved in a mid-air collision over the Las Palomas Mountains. Both aircraft crashed, killing 21 people on HK-107 and 17 people on HK-1341. Both aircraft were operating domestic scheduled passenger flights from La Vanguardia Airport, Villavicencio to El Alcaraván Airport, Yopal.[58][59]
• On August 22, 1973, a Douglas DC-3A (registered HK-111), crashed into a hill near the Casanare Department, killing 16 of the 17 people on board. The aircraft was operating a domestic scheduled passenger flight from La Vanguardia Airport, Villavicencio to El Alcaraván Airport, Yopal.[60]
• On August 12, 1974, a Douglas C-47 (registered HK-508), flew into Trujillo Mountain, killing all 27 people on board. The aircraft was on a domestic scheduled passenger flight from El Dorado Airport, Bogotá to La Florida Airport, Tumaco.[61]
• On November 27, 1983, Avianca Flight 011, a Boeing 747-200M (registered HK-2910X) crashed into a mountain just short of landing at Madrid Barajas Airport in Madrid, killing 181 of the 192 people aboard. The cause was determined to be pilot error.
• On March 17, 1988, Avianca Flight 410, a Boeing 727-100 (registered HK-1716) crashed into low mountains near Cúcuta - Norte de Santander Department after take-off, killing all 143 on board. It was determined that pilot error was also the cause of this crash, in a situation similar to Flight 011.
• On November 27, 1989, a bomb destroyed Avianca Flight 203. All 110 passengers and crew were killed. The bombing had been ordered by Pablo Escobar to kill presidential candidate César Gaviria Trujillo. In the aftermath, it was discovered that Gaviria had not boarded the aircraft.
• On January 25, 1990, Avianca Flight 052, a Boeing 707-320C (registered HK-2016) en route from Bogotá to New York City via Medellín crashed in Cove Neck, New York, after running out of fuel while in a holding pattern for at New York's John F. Kennedy International Airport, killing 73 of the 158 people aboard.
• On April 26, 1990, 19th of April Movement presidential candidate Carlos Pizarro was gunned down during a domestic Avianca flight.[62][63]
• On April 12, 1999, Avianca Flight 9463, a Fokker 50 (registered PH-MXT), from Bogotá to Bucaramanga was hijacked by six ELN members, who forced the plane to make an emergency landing on a clandestine runway in the Bolívar Department. One passenger died during captivity, the rest were eventually liberated a year after the hijacking.[64]

Awards and recognitions

In its recent history, the company has won different awards:[65]

• 2010: E-Commerce Company of the Year – eCommerce Awards Colombia.
• 2012: Best Company in Customer Service Labor and Management – Ibero-American Social Media Awards.
• 2013: Best Company in Customer Service Labor and Management – Ibero-American Social Media Awards.
• 2013: South American Airlines with Best Onboard Service – Skytrax World Airline Awards.
• 2014: Best E-commerce Initiative in Colombia – Colombia Online Awards.
• 2015: Best Airline in South America – World Travel Awards.
• 2016: Best Airline in South America and Latin America – Business Traveler North America Magazine.
• 2017: Best Airline in South America – Business Traveler Awards.
• 2017: Best Airline in South America and Best Regional Airline in South America – Skytrax World Airline Awards.
• 2017: Best Mobile Initiative for eCommerce – eCommerce Awards.
• 2017: Second-best airline in the world – Consumers and Users Organization.
• 2018: Best Airline in South America – Skytrax World Airline Awards.
• 2018: Best Regional Airline in South America – Airline Passenger Experience APEX.

See also

• List of airlines of Colombia

References

External links

Media related to Avianca at Wikimedia Commons

• Official website (in Spanish)
• September 2012 Issue of Explore Taca

На других языках

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[de] Avianca

Avianca S.A. (Akronym für spanisch Aerovias del Continente Americano S.A.; deutsch „Luftfahrtgesellschaft des amerikanischen Kontinents S.A.“) ist ein Luftfahrtunternehmen und ist die größte Fluggesellschaft in Kolumbien mit Sitz in Barranquilla und Hauptverwaltung in Bogotá. Sie ist die zweitälteste noch existierende Fluggesellschaft der Welt und zudem ist sie die älteste ununterbrochen tätige Fluggesellschaft überhaupt.[4] Ihre Basis ist auf dem Flughafen El Dorado und seit 2010 ist sie Teil der Avianca Holdings (vormals AviancaTaca) und ist Mitglied der Luftfahrtallianz Star Alliance.

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- [en] Avianca

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[es] Avianca

Avianca S. A. IATA: AV, OACI: AVA y denominación: Avianca), (acrónimo de Aerovías del Continente Americano, anteriormente Aerovías Nacionales de Colombia) es la Linea Aérea Nacional de Colombia, propiedad de la sociedad británica[3][4] Avianca Group. Fundada en 1919 bajo el nombre de SCADTA, es la segunda aerolínea existente más antigua del mundo tras KLM, la cual fue fundada solo 58 días antes, y la más antigua a nivel mundial con operaciones ininterrumpidas.[5]

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[fr] Avianca

Aerovias del Continente Americano, ou Avianca (code AITA : AV ; code OACI : AVA) est une compagnie aérienne colombienne. C'est la plus ancienne compagnie aérienne en activité sur le continent américain et, juste après KLM, la 2e compagnie aérienne au monde la plus ancienne à avoir conservé son nom initial. Depuis 2010 l'aviation fait partie du holding AviancaTaca.

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[it] Avianca

Avianca (Aerovías del Continente Americano S.A) è una compagnia aerea colombiana con sede a Bogotà. Il suo hub principale è l'Aeroporto di Bogotà-El Dorado.

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[ru] Avianca

Avianca («Авиа́нка»[2] исп. Avianca, аббревиатура от исп. Aerovías Nacionales de Colombia S.A., впоследствии исп. Aerovías del Continente Americano S.A. — Авиалинии Американского континента) — акционерная латиноамериканская авиакомпания со штаб-квартирой в Боготе. Портом приписки авиакомпании и её главным транзитным узлом (хабом) являлся международный аэропорт Боготы «Эль-Дорадо».

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