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São Paulo/Congonhas–Deputado Freitas Nobre Airport (IATA: CGH, ICAO: SBSP) Portuguese pronunciation: [kõˈɡõɲɐs] is one of the four commercial airports serving São Paulo, Brazil. The airport is named after the neighborhood where it is located, called Vila Congonhas, property of the descendants of Lucas Antônio Monteiro de Barros (1767–1851), Viscount of Congonhas do Campo, first president of the Province of São Paulo after the independence of Brazil in 1822, during the Empire. In turn, the Viscount's domain was named after the plural of a shrub known in Brazil as congonha-do-campo (Luxemburgia polyandra, of the Ochnaceae family).[4] Since June 19, 2017, it is officially named after Deputy Freitas Nobre.[5] The name Congonhas, however, remains mostly used. It is owned by the City of São Paulo.

São Paulo/Congonhas–Deputado Freitas Nobre Airport


Aeroporto de São Paulo/Congonhas–Deputado Freitas Nobre
Summary
Airport typePublic
Operator
  • Infraero (1981–2022)
  • AENA (2022–present)
ServesSão Paulo
Opened12 April 1936; 86 years ago (1936-04-12)
Focus city for
Time zoneBRT (UTC−03:00)
Elevation AMSL802 m / 2,631 ft
Coordinates23°37′34″S 046°39′23″W
Websitewww4.infraero.gov.br/aeroportos/aeroporto-de-sao-paulo-congonhas-deputado-freitas-nobre/
Map
CGH
Location in São Paulo
CGH
CGH (Brazil)
Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
17R/35L 1,940 6,365 Asphalt
17L/35R 1,495 4,905 Asphalt
Statistics (2021)
Passengers9,677,569 38%
Aircraft Operations126,227 30%
Metric tonnes of cargo16,892 12%
Statistics: Infraero[1]
Sources: Airport Website,[2] ANAC[3]

During a transitional period, the airport is jointly operated by Infraero and AENA.

Congonhas has slot restrictions operating with a maximum of 30 operations/hour, being one of the five airports with such restrictions in Brazil.[6] In 2019, it was the second busiest airport in Brazil by passenger traffic, after São Paulo–Guarulhos.

The central hall of the passenger terminal is considered one of the most outstanding examples of modern architecture in São Paulo. However, modernizing and enlargement work has been conducted at the terminal from 2003 onwards, while trying to preserve the look of the older, historic section. Today the main terminal has 51,535 m2 (554,718 sq.ft) of space.[4]


History


The classic historical modern architecture passenger terminal of Congonhas airport
The classic historical modern architecture passenger terminal of Congonhas airport
Congonhas in the 1950s
Congonhas in the 1950s
The classic but highly modified modern architecture in the check in hall of Congonhas Airport
The classic but highly modified modern architecture in the check in hall of Congonhas Airport
Congonhas terminal view inside
Congonhas terminal view inside
View of Terminal 1
View of Terminal 1

The airport was initially planned in 1919, but it did not open until 12 April 1936.[7] The site was outside the built-up urban area at the time, and it was chosen because it had favourable winds and lay on a high hill with little vegetation.[7] The airport was opened with a 300-metre (984-ft.) long dirt runway.[7] In the beginning it was the private airport of VASP, built as an alternative to Campo de Marte which, already at that time, had operational difficulties. VASP started services to Rio de Janeiro on 5 August 1936, advertising two daily round trips of 90 minutes' flight time in each direction,[7] starting a route that would eventually become one of the world's busiest. By 1957, the airport was the third busiest in the world for air cargo.[4] During the 1950s, Congonhas served all international flights to/from São Paulo, as its runways could accommodate the Lockheed Constellations, Douglas DC-6s, and Douglas DC-7s in use at that time. As early jets such as the Convair 880, Convair 990 Coronado, Boeing 707, and Douglas DC-8 were bought by airlines, all long-haul travel shifted to Viracopos Airport, and the European airlines left Congonhas forever.

On 21 May 1959, a formal agreement between Varig, Cruzeiro do Sul and VASP created the shuttle service to Rio de Janeiro that made the airport famous, being the first of its kind in the world. The service was called Air Bridge (Portuguese: Ponte Aérea), inspired on the Berlin Airlift; its first flight was operated on 6 July 1959. It operated between Rio de Janeiro–Santos Dumont and Congonhas Airports and comprised regular departures, usually every half-hour, a common check-in counter and simplified tickets and formalities.[8] The service was an instant success. Sadia, later known as Transbrasil, joined the partnership in 1968. In 1999 the service was discontinued, as more competitive economic times made airlines decide to operate their services independently on that route.[9]

Until 1985, Congonhas was the main airport of São Paulo operating domestic flights, as well as international service to neighbouring countries such as Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Chile, Peru and Bolivia. Due to Congonhas' short runways, unable to accommodate most long-haul jets, intercontinental flights required changing planes at Rio de Janeiro–Galeão or were operated at Viracopos airport. However, Viracopos' distant location, in Campinas, 97 km (60 mi) from downtown São Paulo, made that choice inconvenient both for passengers and for airlines, so a connection in Rio was usually preferred.

Since the opening of Guarulhos Airport in 1985, international flights no longer operate from Congonhas, and domestic operations have undergone restrictions. Congonhas remains important to the city for regional and short-distance domestic flights. Given the concentration of Brazil's economy in the Central-Southern region, where São Paulo is located, such flights make up the greatest share of the country's domestic air traffic. Therefore, even after Guarulhos International Airport was opened, Congonhas continued to face congestion problems, regarding both the number of passengers and the number of flight operations. Yet the convenience of its short distance from downtown and from the major business areas of Paulista, Faria Lima and Luís Carlos Berrini avenues still makes Congonhas a favorite of passengers, especially business travelers.

The airport administrator, Infraero, started in 2003 a comprehensive renovation plan of the airport complex. A remodeling of departure and arrival halls with installation of 12 jetways was completed on 15 August 2004. In December 2005, a new parking garage was opened. The runways were resurfaced between February and September 2007. Runway length has not been extended because of the rapid growth of São Paulo, which has completely surrounded the airport.

The airport has been troubled by slippery runways and has had several accidents where water accumulation has been a significant factor, the most notable being the one involving TAM Airlines Flight 3054 on 17 July 2007: although the main runway had been repaved in June 2007, its new rainwater drainage grooves were only finished in September 2007. As a consequence of this accident and the subsequent public outcry for better safety performance and noise reduction, the airport's operations were significantly altered, through restrictions in the number of landing slots, flight distances, and operating times (presently from 6:00 to 22:30 hours). Furthermore, the maximum allowable gross weight of aircraft was reduced.

The largest aircraft now operating at Congonhas are the Airbus A320 and the Boeing 737-800. However, in the past the airport used to have operations with DC-8 Vasp Cargo, Airbus A300 wide-body aircraft, by the now-defunct airlines Cruzeiro do Sul, Varig, VASP and Boeing 767-200[10] of also former Trans-Brasil.

In 2008 Congonhas lost its international category.

On 31 August 2009, Infraero unveiled a R$164.7 million (USD 86.8 million; EUR 60.8 million) investment plan to up-grade Congonhas Airport focusing on the preparations for the 2014 FIFA World Cup, which were held in Brazil, São Paulo being one of the venue cities. The investment involved a new control tower,[11] renovation of the apron, conclusion of the renovation on the south portion of the passenger terminal, and renovation of the north portion of the passenger terminal.[12]

Previously operated by Infraero, on August 18, 2022 the consortium AENA won a 30-year concession to operate the airport.[13]


Airlines and destinations


AirlinesDestinations
Azul Brazilian Airlines Belo Horizonte–Confins, Recife, Rio de Janeiro–Santos Dumont, Salvador da Bahia, Una-Comandatuba
Seasonal: Cabo Frio, Maceió, Porto Seguro
Azul Conecta Rio de Janeiro–Jacarepaguá
Gol Transportes Aéreos Araçatuba, Belo Horizonte–Confins, Bonito, Brasília, Campo Grande, Curitiba, Florianópolis, Fortaleza, Goiânia, Ipatinga, João Pessoa, Juiz de Fora, Maceió, Natal, Navegantes, Porto Alegre, Porto Seguro, Recife, Santa Maria, Rio de Janeiro–Santos Dumont, Salvador da Bahia, São José do Rio Preto, Uberaba, Uruguaiana
LATAM Brasil Belo Horizonte–Confins, Brasília, Campo Grande, Cuiabá, Curitiba, Florianópolis, Fortaleza, Foz do Iguaçu, Goiânia, Ilhéus, Jaguaruna, Joinville, Londrina, Maceió, Natal, Navegantes, Porto Alegre, Porto Seguro, Recife, Rio de Janeiro–Santos Dumont, Salvador da Bahia, São José do Rio Preto, Uberlândia, Una-Comandatuba, Vitória
Voepass Linhas Aéreas Ribeirão Preto, Rio de Janeiro–Santos Dumont

Statistics


Annual passenger traffic at CGH airport. See Wikidata query.

Accidents and incidents


Aerial view
Aerial view
TAM Airbus A320 taking off from Congonhas
TAM Airbus A320 taking off from Congonhas
Airplanes waiting in line for take off at the congested Congonhas Airport.
Airplanes waiting in line for take off at the congested Congonhas Airport.

Access


The airport is located 8 km (5 mi) from downtown São Paulo, at Washington Luís Avenue, in the district of Campo Belo.

Azul Brazilian Airlines offers free bus transfers for its passengers between Congonhas and Campinas-Viracopos International Airport during regular times.[40]

Gol Airlines and TAM Airlines offer free bus transfers for their passengers between Congonhas and Guarulhos/Gov. André Franco Montoro Airport airports during regular times.[41][42]

Further bus transportation is also available through the Airport Bus Service, an executive bus line, administered by EMTU and operated by Consórcio Internorte – Área 3. This service provides transportation between Guarulhos and Congonhas airports, via Tietê Bus Terminal, Palmeiras-Barra Funda Intermodal Terminal, Itaim Bibi, Praça da República, Tatuapé Metro Station and the circuit of hotels along Avenida Paulista and Rua Augusta. The ride takes about one hour, depending on traffic.[43]


See also



References


  1. "Estatísticas". Infraero (in Portuguese). 14 February 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2022.
  2. "Aeroporto Deputado Freitas Nobre". Infraero (in Portuguese). Retrieved 22 June 2020.
  3. "Aeródromos". ANAC (in Portuguese). 29 June 2020. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
  4. "Aeroporto de Congonhas: Histórico" (in Portuguese). Infraero. Archived from the original on 5 June 2012. Retrieved 4 August 2011.
  5. "Lei nº 13.450, de 16 de junho de 2017" (in Portuguese). Palácio do Planalto. 16 June 2017. Archived from the original on 8 August 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
  6. "Procedimento de alocação de slots disponíveis" (PDF) (in Portuguese). ANAC. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 January 2012. Retrieved 3 August 2011.
  7. Saconi, Rose (2 April 2013). "Como era São Paulo sem o aeroporto de Congonhas" (in Portuguese). O Estado de S. Paulo (acervo). Archived from the original on 20 August 2013. Retrieved 18 July 2013.
  8. Beting, Gianfranco; Beting, Joelmir (2009). Varig: Eterna Pioneira (in Portuguese). Porto Alegre and São Paulo: EDIPUCRS and Beting Books. pp. 83–84. ISBN 978-85-7430-901-9.
  9. "Ponte Aérea completa meio século". Revista da Associação dos tripulantes da TAM (in Portuguese). 2009. pp. 2–3.
  10. Transbrasil Boeing 767. Boeing 767, o primeiro do Brasil (video). São Paulo, Brazil: YouTube. Retrieved 23 July 2007.
  11. "Congonhas: nova torre começa a funcionar" (in Portuguese). O Estado de S. Paulo. 8 May 2013. Archived from the original on 9 May 2013. Retrieved 8 May 2013.
  12. Rittner, Daniel; Braga, Paulo Victor (31 August 2009). "Infraero vai gastar R$ 5 bi em reforma de aeroportos". Valor Econômico (in Portuguese). pp. A4. Archived from the original on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 18 March 2010.
  13. "Única empresa a apresentar proposta, Aena leva Aeroporto de Congonhas". Agência Brasil (in Portuguese). 18 August 2022. Retrieved 19 August 2022.
  14. Pereira, Aldo (1987). Breve História da Aviação Comercial Brasileira (in Portuguese). Rio de Janeiro: Europa. p. 338.
  15. Germano da Silva, Carlos Ari César (2008). "Serra da Cantareira". O rastro da bruxa: história da aviação comercial brasileira no século XX através dos seus acidentes 1928–1996 (in Portuguese) (2 ed.). Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS. pp. 37–41. ISBN 978-85-7430-760-2.
  16. Germano da Silva, Carlos Ari César (2008). "Uma desgraça nunca vem só". O rastro da bruxa: história da aviação comercial brasileira no século XX através dos seus acidentes 1928–1996 (in Portuguese) (2 ed.). Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS. pp. 49–53. ISBN 978-85-7430-760-2.
  17. "Accident description PP-PBI". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
  18. Germano da Silva, Carlos Ari César (2008). "Alternativa derradeira". O rastro da bruxa: história da aviação comercial brasileira no século XX através dos seus acidentes 1928–1996 (in Portuguese) (2 ed.). Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS. pp. 66–68. ISBN 978-85-7430-760-2.
  19. "Accident description PP-CBX". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
  20. "Accident description PP-SPQ". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
  21. "Accident description PP-SPM". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 3 November 2012. Retrieved 20 May 2011.
  22. "Accident description PP-PDA". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 19 July 2012. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
  23. Germano da Silva, Carlos Ari César (2008). "Panair 263". O rastro da bruxa: história da aviação comercial brasileira no século XX através dos seus acidentes 1928–1996 (in Portuguese) (2 ed.). Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS. pp. 126–131. ISBN 978-85-7430-760-2.
  24. "Accident description PP-VBZ". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 16 August 2011.
  25. Germano da Silva, Carlos Ari César (2008). "Bloqueio do profundor". O rastro da bruxa: história da aviação comercial brasileira no século XX através dos seus acidentes 1928–1996 (in Portuguese) (2 ed.). Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS. pp. 140–144. ISBN 978-85-7430-760-2.
  26. "Accident description PP-SQV". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 18 August 2011.
  27. Germano da Silva, Carlos Ari César (2008). "Falha de motor na decolagem". O rastro da bruxa: história da aviação comercial brasileira no século XX através dos seus acidentes 1928–1996 (in Portuguese) (2 ed.). Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS. pp. 177–181. ISBN 978-85-7430-760-2.
  28. "Accident description PP-CEV". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 6 August 2011. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
  29. Germano da Silva, Carlos Ari César (2008). "Betelgeuse". O rastro da bruxa: história da aviação comercial brasileira no século XX através dos seus acidentes 1928–1996 (in Portuguese) (2 ed.). Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS. pp. 229–232. ISBN 978-85-7430-760-2.
  30. "Accident description PP-CDW". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
  31. Germano da Silva, Carlos Ari César (2008). "Esquecimento fatal". O rastro da bruxa: história da aviação comercial brasileira no século XX através dos seus acidentes 1928–1996 (in Portuguese) (2 ed.). Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS. pp. 233–238. ISBN 978-85-7430-760-2.
  32. "Incident description PP-VJL". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012. Retrieved 16 August 2011.
  33. "Accident description PP-SBE". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 3 November 2012. Retrieved 20 May 2011.
  34. Germano da Silva, Carlos Ari César (2008). "O primeiro Bandeirante". O rastro da bruxa: história da aviação comercial brasileira no século XX através dos seus acidentes 1928–1996 (in Portuguese) (2 ed.). Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS. pp. 294–301. ISBN 978-85-7430-760-2.
  35. "Accident description PT-MRK". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 23 January 2009. Retrieved 17 August 2011.
  36. Germano da Silva, Carlos Ari César (2008). "Vinte e quatro segundos". O rastro da bruxa: história da aviação comercial brasileira no século XX através dos seus acidentes 1928–1996 (in Portuguese) (2 ed.). Porto Alegre: EDIPUCRS. pp. 376–381. ISBN 978-85-7430-760-2.
  37. "Accident description PT-WHK". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 9 December 2011. Retrieved 13 August 2011.
  38. Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft accident ATR 42-300 PT-MFK São Paulo-Congonhas Airport, SP (CGH)". aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 20 October 2019.
  39. "Accident description PR-MBK". Aviation Safety Network. Archived from the original on 11 January 2012. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
  40. "Ônibus grátis". Azul. Archived from the original on 6 May 2013. Retrieved 9 May 2013.
  41. "Transporte para aeroportos" (in Portuguese). Gol Airlines. Archived from the original on 25 September 2011. Retrieved 30 August 2011.
  42. "Traslados Nacionais". TAM Airlines. Archived from the original on 25 February 2011. Retrieved 27 March 2011.
  43. "Sistema Aeroporto" (in Portuguese). EMTU. Archived from the original on 5 October 2011. Retrieved 4 August 2011.



На других языках


[de] Flughafen São Paulo-Congonhas

Der Aeroporto de São Paulo/Congonhas - Deputado Freitas Nobre[4] (IATA-Code: CGH, ICAO-Code: SBSP) ist ein brasilianischer Verkehrsflughafen im Stadtgebiet von São Paulo, Brasilien. Er befindet sich an der Avenida Washington Luís im südlich angrenzenden Teil der Stadt nahe dem Zentrum.
- [en] São Paulo–Congonhas Airport

[es] Aeropuerto de Congonhas

El Aeropuerto de Congonhas/São Paulo (se pronuncia Aeropuerto de Congoñas) (IATA: CGH – OACI: SBSP) es el segundo aeropuerto con mayor tráfico de pasajeros del Brasil. Se localiza sobre la avenida Washington Luís, en el centro-sur de la ciudad de São Paulo. Fue inaugurado en 1936, y su primer vuelo tuvo como destino la ciudad de Río de Janeiro en un aeroplano de la VASP. Dejó de ser un aeropuerto internacional en 2008, cuando pasó a ser sólo nacional para reducir los costes, dejando así de operar con internacionales.

[fr] Aéroport de São Paulo/Congonhas

L'aéroport de São Paulo/Congonhas – Deputado Freitas Nobre[1] (code IATA : CGH • code OACI : SBSP), est un aéroport situé à São Paulo (Brésil). C'est l'un des trois aéroports commerciaux de l'agglomération, situé à 8 kilomètres du centre-ville. Il est le deuxième aéroport du Brésil pour le trafic passagers derrière l'aéroport de São Paulo-Guarulhos, avec environ 16 500 000 passagers par an. Il n'est plus international depuis le 2 septembre 2008. Il est géré par Infraero.

[it] Aeroporto di San Paolo-Congonhas

L'aeroporto di Congonhas sorge in mezzo all'abitato di San Paolo del Brasile. Viene usato per voli interni.

[ru] Конгоньяс (аэропорт)

Аэропорт Конгоньяс/Сан-Паулу (порт. Aeroporto de Congonhas/São Paulo) также известен под названием Аэропорт Конгоньяс (Aeroporto de Congonhas) (Код ИАТА: CGH) — аэропорт в штате Сан-Паулу, второй самый загруженный аэропорт Бразилии. Находится в восьми километрах от центра города Сан-Паулу на Авеню Вашингтона Луиса, в районе Кампу-Белу.



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