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Tân Sơn Nhất International Airport (IATA: SGN, ICAO: VVTS) (Vietnamese: Sân bay quốc tế Tân Sơn Nhất or Cảng hàng không quốc tế Tân Sơn Nhất) is the busiest airport in Vietnam with 32.5 million passengers in 2016[2] and 38.5 million passengers in 2018.[3] It serves Ho Chi Minh City as well as the rest of southeastern Vietnam. As of January 2017, it had a total capacity of only 25 million passengers,[4] which has caused constant congestion and sparked debate for expanding or building a new airport. The airport's IATA code, SGN, is derived from the city's former name of Saigon. It was the 25th busiest airport in the world in 2020.

Tân Sơn Nhất International Airport

Sân bay Quốc tế Tân Sơn Nhất
Summary
Airport typePublic
Owner/OperatorAirports Corporation of Vietnam
ServesHo Chi Minh City metropolitan area
LocationTan Binh District
Hub for
Focus city for
Elevation AMSL10 m / 33 ft
Coordinates10°49′08″N 106°39′07″E
Websitevietnamairport.vn/tansonnhatairport/en/
Maps
SGN/VVTS
Location of the airport in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
SGN/VVTS
SGN/VVTS (Southeast Asia)
SGN/VVTS
SGN/VVTS (Asia)
Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
07L/25R 3,050 10,007 Concrete
07R/25L 3,800 12,467 Concrete
Statistics (2019)
Total passengers41,243,240 7.4%
Source: Taseco Airs[1]

Of the routes the airport offers, the domestic Ho Chi Minh City – Hanoi route is the busiest in Southeast Asia and the sixth busiest in the world, serving 10,253,530 customers in 2019.[5]


History


Tan Son Nhat International Airport has its origins in the early 1930s when the French colonial government constructed a small airport with unpaved runways, known as Tân Sơn Nhứt Airfield near the village of Tan Son Nhut. By mid-1956, with U.S. aid, a 7,200-foot (2,190 m) runway had been built; the airfield near Saigon became known as South Vietnam's principal international gateway. During the Vietnam War (or Second Indochina War), Tan Son Nhut Air Base (then using the alternative spelling Tân Sơn Nhứt) was an important facility for both the U.S. Air Force and the Republic of Vietnam Air Force. Between 1968 and 1974, Tan Son Nhut Airport was one of the busiest military airbases in the world. Pan Am schedules from 1973 show that during the last days of South Vietnam, Boeing 747 service was being operated four times a week to San Francisco via Guam and Manila.[6] Continental Airlines operated up to 30 Boeing 707 military charters per week to and from Tan Son Nhut Airport during the 1968–74 period.[7]

Board of welcoming at Tan Son Nhat International Airport, 1967
Board of welcoming at Tan Son Nhat International Airport, 1967

Post-war era


On 9 December 2004, United Airlines became the first U.S. airline to fly to Vietnam since Pan Am's last flight during the Fall of Saigon in April 1975. Flight UA 869, operated using a Boeing 747-400 landed at Ho Chi Minh City, the terminus of the flight that originated from San Francisco via Hong Kong. On 29 October 2006, this service was switched from San Francisco to Los Angeles with a stop in Hong Kong, operating as UA 867 (also using a 747–400). In 2009, the service UA 869 has resumed once again from San Francisco via Hong Kong International Airport.[8] United ended the route to San Francisco via Hong Kong on 30 October 2011. The airline resumed the route from Ho Chi Minh City to Hong Kong after its merger with Continental Airlines. The flight until suspended, no longer made a stop at San Francisco and was flown on a Boeing 777-200ER instead of the 747-400.

In 2006, Tan Son Nhat International Airport served approximately 8.5 million passengers (compared with 7 million in 2005) with 64,000 aircraft movements.[9] It has recently accounted for nearly two-thirds of the arrivals and departures at Vietnam's international gateway airports.[10][11] Due to increasing demand (about 15–20% per annum), the airport has been continuously expanded by the Southern Airports Corporation.[11]

In 2010, Tan Son Nhat domestic terminal handled 8 million passengers, its maximum capacity. The airport reached its full capacity of 20 million passengers in 2013, two years earlier than predicted. Both domestic and international terminal are being expanded to meet the increasing demand. In December 2014, expansion for the domestic terminal was finished, boosting the terminal's capacity to 13 million passengers per annum.[12] In September 2017, People's Army of Vietnam ceded 21 hectare of military land in the vicinity of the airport to Airports Corporation of Vietnam for civil use. This gave way for the construction of 21 new aircraft parking spaces, expected to be completed by Tet holidays in 2018. Tan Son Nhat will then have 72 parking spaces for airplanes.[13]

Of the routes the airport offers, the Ho Chi Minh City – Hanoi route is the busiest in Southeast Asia and the seventh busiest in the world, serving 6,769,823 customers in 2017.[14]


International terminal


A new international terminal funded by Japanese official development assistance and constructed by a consortium of four Japanese contractors (KTOM, abbreviation of four contractors' names: Kajima – Taisei – Obayashi – Maeda), opened in September 2007 with an initially designed capacity of 10 million passengers a year.[15] In 2014, the terminal served over 9 million international passengers[16] and a demand of an expansion to the terminal was in sight. The first phase of an urgent expansion to the terminal was finished in December 2016 with an addition of 2 new jet bridges and other facilities.[17] Upon the completion of phase two, the terminal can handle 13 million passengers annually.[18]


Facilities


Following the opening of its new international terminal in September 2007, Tan Son Nhat has two major terminal buildings with separate sections for international and domestic flights.

The Prime Minister of Vietnam, by Decision 1646/TTg-NN, has approved the addition of 40 hectares (99 acres) of adjacent area to extend the apron and to build a cargo terminal to handle the rapid increase of passenger (expected to reach 17 million in 2010, compared to 7 million and 8.5 million in 2005 and 2006 respectively) and cargo volume at the airport.[10][19]


Airlines and destinations


Check-in desks at Terminal 2, Tan Son Nhat International Airport
Check-in desks at Terminal 2, Tan Son Nhat International Airport
Level 3 of Terminal 2, Tan Son Nhat International Airport
Level 3 of Terminal 2, Tan Son Nhat International Airport
Business lounge of Tan Son Nhat International Airport
Business lounge of Tan Son Nhat International Airport
A Vietnam Airlines Boeing 787-10 taxiing at the airport
A Vietnam Airlines Boeing 787-10 taxiing at the airport
A Malaysia Airlines Boeing 737-800 on its final approach to the airport
A Malaysia Airlines Boeing 737-800 on its final approach to the airport

Passenger


AirlinesDestinations
Aeroflot Moscow–Sheremetyevo (suspended)
AirAsia Johor Bahru, Kuala Lumpur–International, Penang
Air Busan Busan[20]
Air China Chongqing[21]
Air France Paris–Charles de Gaulle
Air Premia Seoul–Incheon[22]
All Nippon Airways Tokyo–Haneda,[23][24][25] Tokyo–Narita
Asiana Airlines Seoul–Incheon
Bamboo Airways Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi,[26] Da Nang, Dong Hoi, Frankfurt,[27] Hai Phong, Ha Long, Hanoi, London–Gatwick (begins 7 December 2022),[28] Melbourne,[29] Nha Trang, Phu Quoc, Quy Nhon, Rach Gia,[30] Singapore,[26] Sydney,[31] Thanh Hoa, Tuy Hoa,[32] Vinh
Batik Air Malaysia Kuala Lumpur–International
Cambodia Angkor Air Phnom Penh, Siem Reap, Sihanoukville
Cathay Pacific Hong Kong
Cebu Pacific Manila
China Airlines Taipei–Taoyuan
China Eastern Airlines Kunming[33]
China Southern Airlines Guangzhou[34]
Chongqing Airlines Chongqing
Drukair Charter: Guwahati, Paro[35]
Edelweiss Air Seasonal: Zürich[36]
Emirates Dubai–International
EVA Air Taipei–Taoyuan
Fly Gangwon Yangyang[37]
IndiGo Delhi (begins 28 March 2023),[38] Kolkata[39]
Japan Airlines Tokyo–Haneda, Tokyo–Narita
Jeju Air Seoul–Incheon
Jetstar Melbourne, Sydney
Jetstar Asia Singapore
Korean Air Seoul–Incheon
Lao Airlines Pakse, Vientiane
Lanmei Airlines Phnom Penh
LOT Polish Airlines Seasonal charter: Warsaw–Chopin
Malaysia Airlines Kuala Lumpur–International
Mandarin Airlines Taichung (resumes 18 November 2022)[40]
Myanmar Airways International Yangon[41]
Nok Air Bangkok–Don Mueang
Pacific Airlines Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Buon Ma Thuot, Chu Lai, Da Lat, Da Nang, Dong Hoi, Hai Phong, Hanoi, Hue, Nha Trang, Phu Quoc, Pleiku, Quy Nhon, Singapore, Thanh Hoa, Tuy Hoa, Vinh
Philippine Airlines Manila
Philippines AirAsia Manila[42]
Qatar Airways Doha
Qingdao Airlines Qingdao[43]
Royal Brunei Airlines Bandar Seri Begawan
Ruili Airlines Kunming[44]
Scoot Singapore
Singapore Airlines Singapore
Starlux Airlines Taipei–Taoyuan[45]
Thai AirAsia Bangkok–Don Mueang
Thai Smile Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi
Thai Vietjet Air Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi,[46] Pattaya–U-Tapao,[47] Udon Thani[48]
Turkish Airlines Istanbul[49]
T'way Air Seoul–Incheon
Uni Air Taipei–Taoyuan
VietJet Air Ahmedabad,[50] Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Buon Ma Thuot, Busan,[51] Chiang Mai, Chu Lai, Da Lat, Da Nang, Delhi,[52] Denpasar,[53] Dong Hoi, Hai Phong, Ha Long, Hanoi, Hong Kong, Hue, Jakarta–Soekarno Hatta, Kaohsiung, Kuala Lumpur–International,[54] Mumbai,[55] Nha Trang, Osaka–Kansai,[56] Phuket, Phu Quoc, Pleiku, Qui Nhon, Seoul–Incheon, Singapore,[57] Taichung, Tainan, Taipei–Taoyuan, Thanh Hoa, Tokyo–Narita,[58] Tuy Hoa, Vinh
Vietnam Airlines Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Beijing–Daxing,[59] Buon Ma Thuot, Busan, Chu Lai, Da Lat, Da Nang, Delhi, Denpasar,[60] Dong Hoi, Frankfurt, Fukuoka, Guangzhou, Haikou,[61] Hai Phong, Ha Long,[62] Hangzhou,[63] Hanoi, Hong Kong, Hue, Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta, Kaohsiung, Kuala Lumpur–International, London–Heathrow, Melbourne, Nagoya–Centrair, Nha Trang, Osaka–Kansai, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Penang, Phnom Penh, Phuket,[60] Phu Quoc, Pleiku, Qui Nhon, San Francisco,[64] Seoul–Incheon, Shanghai–Pudong, Shenzhen,[65] Siem Reap, Singapore, Sydney, Taipei–Taoyuan, Thanh Hoa, Tokyo–Narita, Tuy Hoa,[66] Vientiane, Vinh, Yangon
Vietnam Airlines
operated by VASCO
Ca Mau, Con Dao, Rach Gia
Vietravel Airlines Hanoi
Charter: Nha Trang, Phu Quoc, Quy Nhon
XiamenAir Xiamen

Cargo


AirlinesDestinations
Air Premia Seoul–Incheon[67]
AeroLogic Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Frankfurt
AirBridgeCargoHong Kong, Moscow–Sheremetyevo (both suspended)
Asiana Cargo Seoul–Incheon, Singapore
Cardig AirJakarta-Soekarno-Hatta, Shenzhen
Cargolux Hong Kong, Luxembourg
Cathay Pacific Cargo Hong Kong
China Airlines Cargo Hanoi, Taipei–Taoyuan
China Southern Cargo Guangzhou, Hanoi
DHL Aviation
operated by Air Hong Kong
Hong Kong, Penang
Emirates SkyCargo Dubai–Al Maktoum
Etihad Cargo Abu Dhabi
EVA Air Cargo Taipei–Taoyuan[68]
FedEx Express Guangzhou, Hanoi, Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta
Garuda Cargo Jakarta–Soekarno-Hatta
Hong Kong Air Cargo Hong Kong
Kalitta Air Cincinnati, Singapore
Korean Air Cargo Seoul–Incheon
MASkargo Kuala Lumpur–International
My Indo Airlines Jakarta, Singapore
Qatar Airways Cargo Doha
Raya Airways Kuala Lumpur–Subang, Labuan
Tri-MG Intra Asia Airlines Singapore[69]
Turkish Cargo Istanbul, Kuala Lumpur–International
UPS Airlines Shenzhen[70]

Statistics


Busiest international flights Out of Tan Son Nhat International Airport by Frequency (2018–present)
RankDestinationsFrequency (Weekly)
1 Singapore 103
2 Bangkok (Don Mueang + Suvarnabhumi) 102
3 Seoul-Incheon 81
4 Kuala Lumpur 77
5 Taipei-Taoyuan 63
6 Tokyo (Haneda + Narita) 42
7 Siem Reap 42
8 Guangzhou 42
9 Hong Kong 39
10 Phnom Penh 35
Busiest domestic flights Out of Tan Son Nhat International Airport by Frequency
RankDestinationsFrequency (Weekly)
1 Hanoi 596
2 Da Nang 226
3 Nha Trang 111
4 Phu Quoc 107
5 Hai Phong 94
6 Vinh 92
7 Hue 91
8 Con Dao 64
9 Thanh Hoa 63
10 Da Lat 48

Aircraft movement


50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018

Number of passengers


Annual passenger traffic at SGN airport. See Wikidata query.

Cargo volume (tons)


100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019

Source: Civil Aviation Authority of Vietnam[16][2][71][72]


Ground transportation



Bus and shuttle


A bus station is situated in front of the international terminal and is served by Ho Chi Minh City Bus. It is connected to the city center by bus line 109 and 152 as well as shuttle bus line 49. Connecting the airport to Vung Tau and other cities in Mekong Delta are express minibus services as well as bus line 119 (via Mien Tay Bus Station).[73]


Metro


The airport is expected to be served by Ho Chi Minh City Metro Line 4B, connected to Line 4 and 5 with services to the southern and eastern area of the city. However, it is currently not known when the line will be constructed.[74]


Taxi


There are several options for getting a taxi from the airport to the city


Road


Until 2016, the airport only had one main access route via Truong Son Street, which caused chronic congestion for traffic going in and out of the airport. As an effort to ease traffic bottleneck, in August 2016, Pham Van Dong Boulevard officially opened and connected the airport to National Route 1 in an intersection east of the airport.[76]


Accidents and incidents


Throughout its history there have been several incidents that happened at the airport, some of the most notable are summarized below:


Future plans



New Airport


Tan Son Nhat International Airport is located inside the crowded urban core of Ho Chi Minh City, making expansions difficult. In a report submitted to the Vietnamese National Assembly in 2015, legislators deemed continued expansion of Tan Son Nhat problematic in five aspects. Firstly, it would be more economically viable to build a new airport rather than extensively upgrade Tan Son Nhat. An estimated US$9.1 billion was reportedly needed for a new 4,000 m runway, a new passenger terminal and other facilities at Tan Son Nhat. Secondly, Tan Son Nhat airspace overlaps with that of Bien Hoa Airport, which is currently reserved for national defense purpose. A reduction in military activities in Bien Hoa is considered to be temporary and unsustainable. At the same time, Tan Son Nhat also acts as a strategic location in national defense; therefore, the airport cannot be used entirely for civic air transport. Additionally, due to its urban location, aside from increasing ground traffic stress in its access points, the airport cannot operate between midnight and 5AM in accordance to the International Civil Aviation Organization sustainable development goals, further limiting its capability.[82]

However, Ho Chi Minh City People's Assembly thought otherwise. They believe that building a new airport can be impractical and unrealistic, giving that the numbers supporting the new airport are "wrong calculations, magical stats" to "trick others with a purpose of serving their own designs."[83] The cost of construction is too high in the midst of already-suppressed national debt, stressing the people without fully-diagnosed value. It is believed that the delay of the expansion is due to the military-run golf course at the north of the airport, where the land is listed as "defense land." Ho Chi Minh City hired an independent French consultant firm ADPi to evaluate the suggestions. The firm supported the idea of expansion at first, but then called off and delayed its final statement, and finally released a report to support the new airport proposition. The city's Assembly responded that the report was rigged.

Following Decision 703/QĐ-TTg by the Vietnamese Prime Minister in July 2005, a new airport—Long Thanh International Airport—was planned to replace Tan Son Nhat airport for international departure use.[84] The initial master plan for the new airport was publicly announced in December 2006.[85] The new airport will be built in Long Thành District, Đồng Nai Province, about 40 km (25 mi) east of Ho Chi Minh City and 65 km (40 mi) north of the petroleum-focused city of Vung Tau, near Highway 51A.

According to the approved modified plan in 2011, Long Thanh International Airport will be constructed on an area of 50 square kilometers (19 sq mi), and will have four runways (4,000 m x 60 m or 13,100 ft x 200 ft) and be capable of receiving the Airbus A380. The project will be divided in three stages. Stage One calls for the construction of two parallel runways and a terminal with a capacity of 25 million passengers per year, due to be completed in 2020. Stage Two is scheduled for completion in 2030, giving the airport three runways, two passenger terminals and a cargo terminal designed to receive 1.5 million metric tons of cargo and 50 million passengers per year. The final stage is scheduled to be initiated after 2035, envisioned to handle 100 million passengers, 5 million metric tons of cargo annually on an infrastructure of 4 runways and 4 passenger terminals. The total budget for the first stage alone was estimated to be US$6.7 billion.[84]


Expansion


Because Long Thanh will not be ready for service until at least 2025, Tan Son Nhat must expand to meet the increasing demand. In January 2017, Airport Design and Construction Consultancy (ADCC) presented 3 proposals to expand the airport. Vietnam's Deputy Prime Minister Trịnh Đình Dũng agreed to proceed a US$860 million upgrade proposal for final review before submitting to the government. Under the chosen proposal, there would be a new mixed-use Terminal 3 and a civil-use Terminal 4 (to be built on the south side of the airport), a parallel taxiway between the existing runways and technical hangars on the northeast. The estimated time to complete the upgrade would be 3 years and the airport would then have a capacity of 43–45 million passengers annually.[86] The decision was controversial due to the fact that the golf course immediately north of SGN would remain untouched despite the urgent need of airport expansion.[87] The Minister of Transport Trương Quang Nghĩa explained that the airport could not be expanded northward due to costs and environmental impact.[88] On 12 June 2017, Prime Minister Nguyễn Xuân Phúc requested the Ministry of Transport to research the prospect of constructing a third runway at Tan Son Nhut International Airport. The French consulting company ADP Ingénierie (ADPi) was subsequently hired to provide a second opinion for the project.

In March 2018, ADPi presented their plan for the expansion. The firm advised against the construction of a third runway and supported a southward expansion plan. Without a new runway, Tan Son Nhut has a maximum capacity of 51 million passengers per year – a number ADPi predicted SGN to reach in 2025, in time for the opening of Long Thanh.[89] However, an independent consultancy of Ho Chi Minh City believed it could reach up to 80 million by the time Long Thanh was supposed to open, in accordance with reports by Boeing or the International Air Transport Association. As such, they proposed a three-phase northward expansion plan that would see a new runway and two new terminals to increase the airport's capacity to 70 million passengers per year.[90]

On 28 March 2018, Prime Minister Nguyễn Xuân Phúc ultimately selected the ADPi proposal as the basis for the expansion of the airport. This proposal includes a new Terminal 3 with a designed capacity of 20 million passengers per year south of Runway 07R/25L, additional facilities in the north area where a golf court currently occupies as well as improvements and constructions of access points for the airport.[91]


See also



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На других языках


[de] Flughafen Tan-Son-Nhat

Der Internationale Flughafen Tân Sơn Nhất (vietn.: Cảng hàng không quốc tế Tân Sơn Nhất, engl. Tan Son Nhat International Airport) ist Vietnams größter internationaler Flughafen. Er befindet sich in Ho-Chi-Minh-Stadt (Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh) im Süden Vietnams. Sein IATA-code SGN wurde aus dem ehemaligen Namen Saigon abgeleitet. Im Jahr 2010 wurden am Flughafen etwa 18 Millionen Passagiere abgefertigt. Das waren circa 250 Prozent mehr als im Jahr 2005. Im Jahr 2016 waren es bereits 32,5 Millionen und 2019 41,1 Mio. Passagiere.
- [en] Tan Son Nhat International Airport

[es] Aeropuerto Internacional de Tan Son Nhat

El Aeropuerto Internacional Tan Son Nhat (IATA: SGN, OACI: VVTS) (en vietnamita, Sân bay Quốc tế Tân Sơn Nhất), es el aeropuerto internacional de Vietnam más grande en términos de superficie, que posee 800 hectáreas en comparación con las 650 hectáreas del Aeropuerto Internacional Noi Bai y del Aeropuerto Internacional de Da Nang[1][2]) y en términos de capacidad (con una capacidad de 15-17 millones de pasajeros al año, comparado con los 6 millones de capacidad del aeropuerto Noi Bai y la capacidad de 2 millones de pasajeros anuales del aeropuerto Da Nang[2]) y también es el aeropuerto más grande del país en término de pasajeros (con algo más de 11 millones de pasajeros en 2007, más de la mitad de los que pasaron por los aeropuertos de Vietnam[3][4]), da servicio a la Ciudad de Ho Chi Minh en particular y a Dong Nam Bo en general, al sur de Vietnam. Su código IATA, SGN, procede del nombre de Saigón, antiguo nombre de la ciudad.

[fr] Aéroport international de Tân Sơn Nhất

L'aéroport international de Tân Sơn Nhất (code IATA : SGN • code OACI : VVTS) est le plus grand aéroport du Việt Nam. Il était anciennement connu sous le nom d'aéroport de Tan Son Nhut. Il est situé dans la ville de Hô Chi Minh-Ville. En 2005, cet aéroport a accueilli 50 % des passagers de tous les aéroports vietnamiens (7 millions de passagers, pour un trafic global de 14 millions de passagers), et plus de 60 % du trafic des passagers internationaux du Viêt Nam[réf. souhaitée].

[it] Aeroporto Internazionale Tan Son Nhat

L'Aeroporto internazionale di Tan Son Nhat (Sân bay quốc tế Tân Sơn Nhất in vietnamita) è un aeroporto che serve la città di Ho Chi Minh, nel sud del paese. È il più importante aeroporto del Vietnam e nel 2018 hanno transitato 38,5 milioni di passeggeri[1]. Nel maggio 2020 è stata approvata la costruzione di un terzo terminal per ridurre l'affollamento del terminal 1, utilizzato per i voli nazionali. I lavori dovrebbero iniziare nell'ottobre 2021 e il nuovo terminal dovrebbe portare la capacità totale dello scalo a 50 milioni di passeggeri annui entro il 2025[2].

[ru] Таншоннят

Международный аэропорт Таншоння́т (ИАТА: SGN, ИКАО: VVTS) (вьетн. Sân bay quốc tế Tân Sơn Nhất or Cảng hàng không quốc tế Tân Sơn Nhất) — гражданский международный аэропорт города Хошимина (бывший Сайгон), Вьетнам. Крупнейший международный аэропорт Вьетнама по площади и по количеству обслуживаемых пассажиров.



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