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The Armstrong Siddeley Viper is a British turbojet engine developed and produced by Armstrong Siddeley and then by its successor companies Bristol Siddeley and Rolls-Royce Limited. It entered service in 1953 and remained in use with the Royal Air Force, powering its Dominie T1 navigation training aircraft until January 2011.[1]

Viper
Preserved Rolls-Royce Viper turbojet
Type	Turbojet
Manufacturer	Armstrong Siddeley Rolls-Royce Limited
First run	April 1951
Major applications	BAC Jet Provost HS Dominie Aermacchi MB-326
Developed from	Armstrong Siddeley Adder

Design and development

The design originally featured a seven-stage compressor based on their Adder engine — the Viper is in effect a large-scale Adder.

Like the similar J85 built in United States, the Viper was originally developed as an expendable engine for production versions of the Jindivik target drone. Like the J85, the limited-life components and total-loss oil systems were replaced with standard systems for use in crewed aircraft.[2]

Because it was initially developed as an expendable engine, the Viper was subject to many recurring maintenance issues. This led to the development of the first Power by the Hour program in which operators would pay a fixed hourly rate to Bristol Siddeley for the continual maintenance of the engines.[3]

In the 1970s, Turbomecanica Bucharest and Orao Sarajevo acquired the license for the Viper engine, which propelled various Romanian and Yugoslav built aircraft.[4][5]

Variants

Data from:Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1955-56,[6] Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1959-60,[7] Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1962-63[8]

ASV.1

Short life design study; 1,145 lbf (5.09 kN).

ASV.2

Developed short life version, first run in April 1951; 1,145 lbf (5.09 kN).

ASV.3

(Mk.100) Short life for missile/target applications, flight-tested in the tail of an Avro Lancaster November 1952; 1,640 lbf (7.30 kN).

ASV.4

Short life for missile/target applications first run in 1952, 1,750 lbf (7.78 kN).

ASV.5

(Mk. 101) Extended life version for crewed aircraft.[6]

ASV.6

Short life for missile/target applications; 1,900 lbf (8.45 kN).

ASV.7

ASV.7/R

ASV.7 with re-heat;2,470 lbf (10.99 kN).

ASV.8

(became Viper 8 and Mk.102); Long-life version rated at 1,750 lbf (7.78 kN) for Jet Provost T Mk.3.

ASV.9

(became Viper 9 and Mk.103) Similar to ASV.8 with improved turbine materials; 2,000 lbf (8.90 kN).

ASV.10

Long-life version with re-designed Sapphire-style compressor first run in January 1956; 1,900 lbf (8.45 kN).

ASV.11

(became Viper 11 and Mk.200) ASV.10 with increased mass-flow; 2,500 lbf (11.12 kN).

ASV.12

(became Viper 12) up-rated ASV.11 with higher JPT and rated at 2,700 lbf (12.01 kN)

Viper 8

(Mk.102 / Mk.104): Engines for the Hunting-Percival Jet Provost TMk.3 (Mk.102) and GAF Jindivik Mk.102B target drone (Mk.104).

Viper 9

(Mk.103): Powered the Bell X-14 and Handley Page HP 115 among others.

Viper 11

(Mk.200): Powered the Hunting-Percival Jet Provost TMk.4(Mk202) and GAF Jindivik Mk.3 among others.

Viper 12

see ASV.12 above

Viper 20

(Mk.500 series): Powered the Hawker Siddeley HS.125 and Piaggio-Douglas PD.808 among others.

Viper 22

Built under licence by Piaggio for the Aermacchi MB.326

Mk.100

see ASV.3 above

Mk.101

see ASV.5 above

Mk.102

see ASV.8 above

Mk.103

see ASV.9 and Viper 9 above

Mk.104

see ASV.12 above

Mk.200

Mk.201

Mk.202

Mk.204

Mk.301

Mk.521

Mk.522

Mk.525

Mk.601

Mk.632

Built under licence by Turbomecanica and Orao, as the non-afterburning engine for the IAR-93 Vultur A/MB versions, Soko J-22 Orao 1 version, IAR-99 Standard/Șoim versions, and Soko G-4 Super Galeb.

Mk.633

Built under licence by Turbomecanica and Orao, as the afterburning engine for the IAR-93 Vultur B version, and Soko J-22 Orao 2 version.

M.D.30 Viper

Engines licence-built and developed by Dassault Aviation[6][9]

M.D.30R Viper

2,200 lbf (9.8 kN) with afterburner.[10]

Applications

Specifications (Viper ASV.12)

Data from [11]

General characteristics

• Type: Turbojet
• Length: 64.0 in (1,625 mm)
• Diameter: 24.55 in (624 mm)
• Dry weight: 549 lb (249 kg)

Components

• Compressor: Seven stage axial
• Combustors: Annular, 24 burners
• Turbine: Single stage
• Fuel type: AVTUR, AVTAG
• Oil system: scavenge, metered

Performance

• Maximum thrust: 2,700 lbf (12 kN) at 13,800 rpm
• Overall pressure ratio: 4.3:1
• Air mass flow: 44 lb/s (20 kg/s)
• Specific fuel consumption: 1.09 lb/(hr lbf)
  
• Oil consumption:1.25 pt/h (0.7 L/h)
• Thrust-to-weight ratio: 4.9

See also

Related development

• Armstrong Siddeley Adder
• Armstrong Siddeley Sapphire

Comparable engines

• General Electric J85
• Motorlet M-701
• Turbomeca Gabizo

Related lists

• List of aircraft engines

References

Notes

Bibliography

• Taylor, John W.R. FRHistS. ARAeS (1962). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1962-63. London: Sampson, Low, Marston & Co Ltd.
• Gunston, Bill. World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines. Cambridge, England. Patrick Stephens Limited, 1989. ISBN 1-85260-163-9
• Smith, Tom. "Expendable to Indispensable: The Story of a Classic Turbojet - The Viper". Air Enthusiast, No. 55, Autumn 1994, pp. 37–55. ISSN 0143-5450

External links

• Rolls-Royce - Viper

На других языках

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[de] Armstrong Siddeley Viper

Das Armstrong Siddeley Viper ist ein Turbojettriebwerk, welches vom britischen Unternehmen Armstrong Siddeley entwickelt und gebaut wurde. Da die Firma später in Bristol Siddeley und Rolls-Royce aufging, wurde das Triebwerk auch als Bristol Siddeley Viper bzw. Rolls Royce Viper bezeichnet.

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- [en] Armstrong Siddeley Viper

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[fr] Armstrong Siddeley Viper

Le Viper est un turboréacteur britannique développé par Armstrong Siddeley, puis par les compagnies qui lui ont succédé, Bristol Siddeley et Rolls-Royce Limited. Il entra en service en 1953 et resta en service au sein de la Royal Air Force jusqu'en janvier 2011, équipant ses appareils d'entraînement à la navigation Dominie T1[1].

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[it] Armstrong Siddeley Viper

L'Armstrong Siddeley Viper, poi Bristol Siddeley Viper e Rolls-Royce Viper era un motore aeronautico turbogetto sviluppato e prodotto dall'azienda britannica Armstrong Siddeley e successivamente dalle aziende che le successero, la Bristol Siddeley e la Rolls-Royce Limited.

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