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The Junkers Ju 252 was a German cargo aircraft that made its first flight in late October 1941. The aircraft was planned as a replacement for the Junkers Ju 52/3m in commercial airline service, but only a small number were built as cargo aircraft for the Luftwaffe.

Ju 252
Role Transport
National origin Germany
Manufacturer Junkers
First flight 1 August 1942
Introduction January 1943
Primary user Luftwaffe
Number built 15
Variants Junkers Ju 352

Design and development


The original Ju 252 came about after talks between Junkers and Deutsche Lufthansa in December 1938. Lufthansa requested a new design that would replace the Ju 52, but offer much greater loads, seating, range and performance. Junkers responded with the EF.77 design with a pressurized fuselage with seating for up to 35, making it one of the larger airliners in the world at that time. It was powered by three Junkers Jumo 211F engines, in nacelles almost identical in appearance, each complete with annular radiator and possibly as Kraftei unitized "power-egg" modular engine installations, to those on Jumo 211-powered versions of the Junkers Ju 88, replacing the BMW 132 of the Ju 52, which dramatically improved performance. Compared to the Ju 52, the Ju 252 was twice as heavy (13,100 kg vs. 5,600), was over 100 km/h faster (440 km/h vs. 305), and had dramatically improved range (3980 km vs. 1300) when fully loaded. Design was headed by Konrad Eicholtz.[1]

By the time the prototype was ready to fly in October 1941, the war was already in progress and the Luftwaffe took over development. Like earlier tail-dragger designs, the Ju 252 would normally be difficult to load when parked, owing to the sloping floor. Junkers had already pioneered - with the earlier Junkers Ju 90's fifth and sixth prototype airframes during 1939 - a unique solution to this problem, the Trapoklappe, a hydraulically powered ventral rear loading ramp that possessed powerful enough operating mechanisms to lift the plane off its tailwheel, leveling the floor and allowing oversized cargo to be loaded directly forward into the fuselage. Even though all cargo aircraft since World War II have used tricycle landing gear undercarriage designs, the Trapoklappe concept of a rear loading ramp that forms the opening rear ventral panel of the fuselage of a cargo aircraft, is a ubiquitous feature of most military airlift cargo aircraft to the present day.

Although the Ju 252 was a vast improvement over the Junkers Ju 52/3m, the situation at that time did not permit any disruption of the existing production lines, and the Reich Air Ministry (RLM) was of the opinion that any replacement for the Junkers Ju 52/3m must make minimum demands on supplies of strategic materials and use power plants not required by combat aircraft. Junkers was then instructed to investigate the possibility of redesigning the Ju 252 in order that a considerable portion of wood could be included in its structure, simultaneously replacing the Junkers Jumo 211F engine with the BMW Bramo 323R engine of which surplus stocks existed. The result was the Junkers Ju 352. Production of the Ju 252 was restricted to already completed prototypes plus those for which major assemblies had already been semi-completed, thus only fifteen transports of this type were completed before production was switched to the Junkers Ju 352.


Variants


Ju 252, initial variant. 15 built.

Ju 352, redesign of the Ju 252 constructed of non-strategic materials and powered by Bramo 323R radial engines. 50 built.

Ju 452, derivative of the Ju 252 to be constructed from wood.[2]


Specifications (Ju 252A)


Data from Warplanes of the Third Reich[3]

General characteristics

Performance

6,600 km (4,100 mi; 3,600 nmi) with 2,000 kg (4,409 lb) payload

Armament


See also


Related development

Related lists


References


  1. Zoeller, Horst. "Junkers – Who is Who? E". The Hugo Junkers Homepage. Archived from the original on October 27, 2009. Retrieved 2016-06-22.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  2. "German Military Aircraft Designations (1933-1945)". www.designation-systems.net. Retrieved 2020-05-28.
  3. Green, William (1 June 1970). The warplanes of the Third Reich (1st ed.). London: Doubleday & Company; 1st edition (June 1, 1970). p. 493. ISBN 978-0385057820.


Wikimedia Commons has media related to Junkers Ju 252.

На других языках

[de] Junkers Ju 252

Die Ju 252 war ein dreimotoriges Passagier/Transportflugzeug des deutschen Herstellers Junkers Flugzeug- und Motorenwerke; der Erstflug fand am 5. Juni 1942 statt. Diese Maschine mit ihren drei Motoren in Tiefdeckerausführung war der designierte Nachfolger der Junkers Ju 52/3m, wobei die Passagierkapazität 32 Personen betrug. Insgesamt wurden nur 15 Stück gebaut. Da zu viele kriegswichtige Materialien verwendet wurden, brach man dieses Projekt ab und entwickelte die Junkers Ju 352.
- [en] Junkers Ju 252

[fr] Junkers Ju 252

Le Junkers Ju 252 est un avion militaire de la Seconde Guerre mondiale.

[it] Junkers Ju 252

Lo Junkers Ju 252 fu un trimotore da trasporto ad ala bassa prodotto in piccola serie dall'azienda tedesca Junkers GmbH nei primi anni quaranta.

[ru] Junkers Ju 252

Юнкерс Ю 252 (нем. Junkers Ju.252) — немецкий пассажирский и военно-транспортный самолёт. Ju 252 является заменой устаревшего Ju 52.


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