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The Henschel Hs 117 Schmetterling (German for Butterfly) was a radio-guided German surface-to-air missile project developed during World War II. There was also an air-to-air version, the Hs 117H.[2]

Hs 117 Schmetterling
A Schmetterling missile on display at the National Air & Space Museum (NASM), Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center.
TypeSurface-to-air (SAM) / Air-to-air (AAM) missile
Place of originGermany
Production history
DesignerProfessor Herbert A. Wagner
Designed1942-1943
ManufacturerHenschel Flugzeugwerke
VariantsHs 117M (air-to-air missile variant)
Specifications (Hs 117)
Mass450 kg (990 lb),[1] 620 kg (1,370 lb) with launch boosters[citation needed]
Length4,200 mm (170 in)
Diameter350 mm (14 in)

WarheadHigh explosive

Engine1x BMW 109-558 liquid-fuelled rocket engine
3.7 kN (830 lbf) for 33 sec, followed by 0.588 kN (132 lbf) for 24 sec[1]
Wingspan2,000 mm (79 in)
PropellantTonka-250 (50% triethylamine and 50% xylidine) fuel, with SV-Stoff (nitric acid) oxidiser[1]
Operational
range
32 km (20 mi; 17 nmi)
Flight altitude6,000–9,000 m (20,000–30,000 ft)[1]
Boost time2x Schmidding 109-553 Ethylene glycol solid fuel boosters, giving total 17.1 kN (3,800 lbf) thrust for 4 sec.
Maximum speed 900–1,000 km/h (560–620 mph; 490–540 kn)[1]
Guidance
system
MCLOS; visual guidance by telescope, radio controls; two-man crew[1]

The operators used a telescopic sight and a joystick to guide the missile by radio control, which was detonated by acoustic and photoelectric proximity fuses, at 10–20 m (33–66 ft).[3]


Development


In 1941, Professor Herbert A. Wagner (who was previously responsible for the Henschel Hs 293 anti-ship missile) invented the Schmetterling missile and submitted it to the Reich Air Ministry (RLM), who rejected the design because there was no need for more anti-aircraft weaponry.

However, by 1943 the large-scale bombing of Germany caused the RLM to change its mind, and Henschel was given a contract to develop and manufacture it. The team was led by Professor Wagner, and it produced a weapon somewhat resembling a bottlenose dolphin with swept wings and cruciform tail.[1]

In May 1944, 59 Hs 117 missiles were tested, some from beneath a Heinkel He 111; over half the trials failed.[2] Mass production was ordered in December 1944, with deployment to start in March 1945. Operational missiles were to be launched from a 37mm gun carriage.[1]

In January 1945, a prototype for mass production was completed, and production of 3,000 missiles a month was anticipated,[1] but on 6 February, SS-Obergruppenführer Hans Kammler cancelled the project.


Variants


The Hs 117H was an air-launched variant, designed to be launched from a Dornier Do 217, Junkers Ju 188, or Junkers Ju 388.[4] This version was designed to attack enemy aircraft up to 5 km (16,000 ft) above the launching aircraft.[5]


See also


Related lists


References


  1. Christopher (2013), p. 126.
  2. Christopher (2013), p. 127.
  3. Christopher (2013), pp. 126–127.
  4. Christopher (2013), pp. 127–128.
  5. Ford (2013), p. 224.



На других языках


[de] Henschel Hs 117

Die Henschel Hs 117 war eine deutsche Boden-Luft-Flugabwehrrakete des Zweiten Weltkriegs. Sie wurde von der Henschel Flugzeug-Werke AG entwickelt, gelangte allerdings nicht mehr zum Einsatz. Die Hs 117 trug den Beinamen Schmetterling und versprach geringe Herstellungskosten und gute Transportierbarkeit.
- [en] Henschel Hs 117

[fr] Henschel Hs 117

Le Henschel Hs 117 Schmetterling (« papillon » en allemand) était projet de missile surface-air radioguidé allemand pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Une version air-air fut aussi créée sous le nom de Hs 117H[2].

[it] Henschel Hs 117

L'Henschel Hs 117 Schmetterling (farfalla) era un missile terra-aria progettato da Herbert Wagner in collaborazione con Hellmuth Walter per la parte motoristica e realizzato dall'azienda tedesca Henschel Flugzeugwerke AG con compiti di difesa aerea a corto raggio.

[ru] Henschel Hs 117 Schmetterling

«Шметтерлинг» (нем. Schmetterling — «бабочка», индекс разработчика в 1941 году Hs-297, с марта 1943 года Hs-117)[2] — управляемая зенитная ракета, разработанная во время Второй мировой войны в Германии.



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