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The Messerschmitt Bf 108 Taifun (English: "Typhoon") was a German single-engine sport and touring aircraft, developed by Bayerische Flugzeugwerke in the 1930s. The Bf 108 was of all-metal construction.

Bf 108 Taifun
D-EBFW, a 1937-built Bf 108B-1 painted to represent a pre-war company demonstrator D-IBFW
Role Sport and touring aircraft
Manufacturer Bayerische Flugzeugwerke
Designer Willy Messerschmitt
First flight 1934
Introduction 1935
Retired 1945
Primary users Luftwaffe
Armée de l'Air
Manchukuo National Airways
Number built 885[1]
Variants Nord 1000 Pingouin
Nord Noralpha

Design and development


Originally designated the M 37, the aircraft was designed as a four-seat sports/recreation aircraft for competition in the 4th Challenge International de Tourisme (1934).[2][3] The M 37 prototype flew first in spring 1934, powered by a 250 PS (247 hp, 184 kW) Hirth HM 8U 8.0 litre displacement, air-cooled inverted-V8 engine, which drove a three-blade propeller.

Although it was outperformed by several other aircraft in the competition, the M 37's overall performance marked it as a popular choice for record flights. Particular among these traits was its low fuel consumption rate, good handling, and superb takeoff and landing characteristics.

The Bf 108A first flew in 1934, followed by the Bf 108B in 1935. The Bf 108B used the substantially larger, 12.67 litre displacement Argus As 10 air-cooled inverted V8 engine. The nickname Taifun (German for "typhoon") was given to her own aircraft by Elly Beinhorn, a well-known German pilot, and was generally adopted.[4]


Operational history


Soon after the first production aircraft began to roll off the assembly line in Augsburg, several Bf 108s had set endurance records.

The Bf 108 was adopted into Luftwaffe service during World War II, where it was primarily used as a personnel transport and liaison aircraft. The aircraft involved in the Mechelen Incident was a Bf 108.

Production of the Bf 108 was transferred to occupied France during World War II and production continued after the war as the Nord 1000 Pingouin.


Variants


Theo Osterkamp and his wife, Fel Gudrun, with a Messerschmitt Bf 108 (1938)
Theo Osterkamp and his wife, Fel Gudrun, with a Messerschmitt Bf 108 (1938)
Bf 108A
Initial version designed in 1934 for use in Challenge 1934. Six were built with the Hirth HM 8U, one other initially had a 220 PS (217 hp, 162 kW) Argus As 17B inline engine and later a 160 PS (158 hp, 118 kW) Siemens-Halske Sh 14 radial.[4]
Bf 108B
Revised version, built from late 1935. The prototype had a Siemens-Halske Sh 14A radial, but production machines used the 240 PS (237 hp, 177 kW) Argus As 10C or the 270 PS (266 hp, 199 kW) Argus As 10E. A quadrant-shaped rather than rectangular rear window, tailwheel replacing skid, revision of shape of empennnage and removal of tailplane upper bracing.[4]
Bf 108C
Proposed high-speed version, powered by a 400 PS (395 hp, 294 kW) Hirth HM 512 engine. Probably not built.[4]
Me 208
Improved and enlarged version with a retractable tricycle landing gear. Two prototypes were built by SNCAN (Nord) in France during the war. After 1945 Nord continued its production as the Nord Noralpha.
Nord 1000 Pingouin
Bf 108 built during and after the war by SNCAN in France; followed by the Nord 1001, that had only minor variations and the Nord 1002, which used a Renault engine.
Nord 1100 Noralpha
Bf 108 derivative built after the war by SNCAN in France with tricycle landing gear and a Renault engine.

Operators


Bf 108 B-1, Lufthansa's D-EBEI at Duxford 2009
Bf 108 B-1, Lufthansa's D-EBEI at Duxford 2009
Bf 108B Taifun, Messerschmitt-Stiftung
Bf 108B Taifun, Messerschmitt-Stiftung
The Bf 108 as used by the Swiss Air Force during World War II. Aviation Museum / Flieger-Flab-Museum in Dübendorf, Switzerland.
The Bf 108 as used by the Swiss Air Force during World War II. Aviation Museum / Flieger-Flab-Museum in Dübendorf, Switzerland.
 Brazil
 Bulgaria
 China
 Independent State of Croatia
 Czechoslovakia
 France
 Nazi Germany
 Hungary
 Italy
 Japan
 Manchukuo
 Norway
 Poland
 Romania
 Spain
  Switzerland
 Soviet Union
 United Kingdom
 United States
 Kingdom of Yugoslavia

Specifications (Bf 108B)


Data from Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1938,[5] Die Deutsche Luftrüstung 1933–1945 Vol.3 – Flugzeugtypen Henschel-Messerschmitt[6]

General characteristics

Performance

2,000 m (6,600 ft) in 7 minutes 30 seconds
3,000 m (9,800 ft) in 14 minutes
4,000 m (13,000 ft) in 22 minutes
5,000 m (16,000 ft) in 39 minutes

See also


Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Related lists



References



Notes


  1. Smith 1971, p. 142.
  2. Schulz, R. and W. Pleines. "Technical Memorandums No. 760 - Technical Aspects of the 1934 International Touring Competition (Rundflug)." National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, December 1934. Retrieved: 13 March 2010.
  3. Messerschmitt Bf 108 Taifun
  4. Smith 1971, pp. 36–37.
  5. Grey, C.G.; Bridgman, Leonard, eds. (1938). Jane's all the World's Aircraft 1938. London: Sampson Low, Marston & company, ltd. p. 136c.
  6. Nowarra, Heinz J. (1993). Die Deutsche Luftrüstung 1933–1945 Vol.3 – Flugzeugtypen Henschel-Messerschmitt (in German). Koblenz: Bernard & Graefe Verlag. pp. 187–189, 266–267. ISBN 978-3-7637-5467-0.
  7. Lednicer, David. "The Incomplete Guide to Airfoil Usage". m-selig.ae.illinois.edu. Retrieved 16 April 2019.

Bibliography





На других языках


[de] Messerschmitt Bf 108

Die Messerschmitt Bf 108 ist ein viersitziges einmotoriges Leichtflugzeug des deutschen Herstellers Bayerische Flugzeugwerke (BFW) bzw. der Messerschmitt AG und wurde zunächst als Wettbewerbsflugzeug konzipiert und später zu einem luxuriösen Schnellreiseflugzeug weiterentwickelt. In der Planung des Flugzeugs hat Willy Messerschmitt seine Vorstellung eines idealen Flugzeugs verwirklicht, und das Reichsluftfahrtministerium sah darin eine Chance, den Europarundflug 1934 zu gewinnen. Gleichzeitig wurden an dem Muster technische Neuerungen erprobt, die später teilweise in das Jagdflugzeug Bf 109 übernommen wurden.
- [en] Messerschmitt Bf 108 Taifun

[fr] Messerschmitt Bf 108 Taifun

Le Messerschmitt Bf 108 Taifun est un avion quadriplace monomoteur développé par Willy Messerschmitt, ingénieur en chef de la BFW (Bayerische Flugzeugwerke) à Augsbourg en Allemagne. Le surnom de Taifun (typhon) lui fut donné par l'aviatrice allemande Elly Beinhorn, lors de son raid Gleiwitz-Berlin-Istanbul le 13 août 1935.

[it] Messerschmitt Bf 108

Il Messerschmitt Bf 108 Taifun, identificato inizialmente come BFW 37, era un monomotore da turismo sportivo ad ala bassa sviluppato dall'azienda tedesca Bayerische Flugzeugwerke AG (BFW) nei primi anni trenta e prodotto dalla stessa sia prima che dopo la sostituzione della propria ragione sociale in Messerschmitt AG.

[ru] Messerschmitt Bf.108 Taifun

Мессершмитт Bf 108 «Тайфун» — цельнометаллический одномоторный моноплан, который был разработан немецким авиаконструктором Вильгельмом Мессершмиттом и выпускался Баварской авиастроительной компанией (нем. Bayerische Flugzeugwerke) (позднее — Мессершмитт АГ).



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